Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Meyer C E Roth Peter H Brown F H 1985 (Table 1) Geochemistry of volcanic glass shards from tephra layers of the Gulf of Aden and in the Turkana Basin dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.770361 Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Meyer C E Roth Peter H Brown F H 1985 Ages of tuff beds at East African early hominid sites and sediments in the Gulf of Aden journal article Nature 313(6000) https://doi.org/10.1038/313306a0 306-308 The early hominids of East Africa were dated by determining the ages of tuff beds at the sites. Despite much research using palaeomagnetic and K/Ar-dating techniques, some of those ages are still controversial (Brown, 1982, doi:10.1038/300631a0; Aronoson et al., 1983, doi:10.1038/306209c0). To obtain independent age estimates for these tephra layers, we have examined cores from DSDP Sites 231 and 232 in the Gulf of Aden which consist mainly of calcareous nannofossil ooze, but also contain rare tephra horizons (Brunce and Fisher, 1974, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.101.1974) dated by interpolation from the established nannofossil stratigraphy. Chemical analysis confirms that the identity and sequence of these horizons is the same as that at the East African sites. We conclude that the age of the Tulu Bor Tuff is <3.4 Myr and hence that the Hadar hominid specimens are also <~3.4 Myr old. 36.1167 51.9143 3.5833 14.4827 45.425399999999996 9.9854 1972-05-04T00:00:00 1972-05-10T00:00:00 80.0 189.0 DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project http://www.deepseadrilling.org/ Deep Sea Drilling Project DSDP 24-231 11.8902 48.2452 -2152.0 1972-05-04T00:00:00 584 m 425.8 m Indian Ocean/Gulf of Aden/BASIN Leg24 https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.1974 Fisher, Robert L Bunce, Elizabeth T 1972-05-04 1972-06-22 Glomar Challenger https://www-odp.tamu.edu:443/glomar.html Drilling/drill rig DRILL 64 cores; 583.7 m cored; 0 m drilled; 72.9 % recovery 24-232A 14.4827 51.9143 -1726.0 1972-05-10T00:00:00 434 m 125.2 m Indian Ocean/Gulf of Aden/TRENCH Leg24 https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.1974 Fisher, Robert L Bunce, Elizabeth T 1972-05-04 1972-06-22 Glomar Challenger https://www-odp.tamu.edu:443/glomar.html Drilling/drill rig DRILL 27 cores; 253 m cored; 22 m drilled; 49.5 % recovery Turkana_Basin 3.5833 36.1167 Kenya Sampling by hand HAND 364 CC-BY-3.0 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Event label Event Event Number No number Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M No Sample code/label Sample label DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation hdl:10013/epic.27914.d001 Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Sample label DEPTH, sediment/rock Depth sed m depth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001595 sediment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007 rock Length L http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length Depth sed [m] Sample comment Sample comment Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Sample comment Sample amount N # Abundance or Count Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M number of shards analysed N [#] Silicon dioxide SiO2 % https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide silicon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30563 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M SiO2 [%] Silicon dioxide, standard deviation SiO2 std dev ± https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide silicon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30563 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M SiO2 std dev [±] Aluminium oxide Al2O3 % aluminium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30187 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Al2O3 [%] Aluminium oxide, standard deviation Al2O3 std dev ± aluminium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30187 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Al2O3 std dev [±] Iron oxide, Fe2O3 Fe2O3 % iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816 ferric oxide Fe2O3 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Fe2O3 [%] Iron oxide, Fe2O3, standard deviation Fe2O3 std dev ± iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816 ferric oxide Fe2O3 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Fe2O3 std dev [±] Magnesium oxide MgO % magnesium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31794 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M MgO [%] Magnesium oxide, standard deviation MgO std dev ± magnesium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31794 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M MgO std dev [±] Manganese oxide MnO % manganese oxide Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M MnO [%] Manganese oxide, standard deviation MnO std dev ± manganese oxide standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M MnO std dev [±] Calcium oxide CaO % https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxide calcium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31344 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M CaO [%] Calcium oxide, standard deviation CaO std dev ± calcium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31344 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M CaO std dev [±] Titanium dioxide TiO2 % https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_dioxide titanium dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32234 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M TiO2 [%] Titanium dioxide, standard deviation TiO2 std dev ± https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_dioxide titanium dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32234 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M TiO2 std dev [±] Sodium oxide Na2O % sodium oxide Na2O https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/73971 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Na2O [%] Sodium oxide, standard deviation Na2O std dev ± sodium oxide Na2O https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/73971 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M Na2O std dev [±] Potassium oxide K2O % potassium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88321 Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M K2O [%] Potassium oxide, standard deviation K2O std dev ± potassium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88321 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M K2O std dev [±] Total Total % total https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/total Dimensionless Ratio ψ Electron microprobe (EMP) Chemical property sensors electron microprobes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB08/ Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M original totals Total [%] supplement citable author28545 author34727 author34729 author39839 basis12 campaign146 event12320 event12322 event2639190 geocode1 geocode1599 geocode1600 geocode1601 geocode8128 inst41 journal11658 license101 method10974 method11566 method5059 method766 param18011 param1825 param24303 param31830 param31960 param31961 param31962 param31963 param31964 param31965 param31966 param31968 param31969 param702 param703 param704 param705 param706 param707 param708 param790 param811 param98941 pi34727 project4 ref35179 term1073131 term1073224 term1073388 term1074034 term1074050 term1074058 term1074190 term20749 term20750 term2299466 term23875 term2632269 term2663481 term37764 term38253 term38263 term40753 term40802 term41056 term43794 term43863 term44025 term49257 term67625