Citation:

j.jembe.2011.04.006

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS Citation BibTeX Citation Text Citation Facebook Twitter

Abstract:

Increasing atmospheric pCO2 reduces the saturation state of seawater with respect to the aragonite, high-Mg calcite (Mg/Ca > 0.04), and low-Mg calcite (Mg/Ca < 0.04) minerals from which marine calcifiers build their shells and skeletons. Notably, these polymorphs of CaCO3 have different solubilities in seawater: aragonite is more soluble than pure calcite, and the solubility of calcite increases with its Mg-content. Although much recent progress has been made investigating the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on rates of biological calcification, considerable uncertainties remain regarding impacts on shell/skeletal polymorph mineralogy. To investigate this subject, eighteen species of marine calcifiers were reared for 60-days in seawater bubbled with air-CO2 mixtures of 409 ± 6, 606 ± 7, 903 ± 12, and 2856 ± 54 ppm pCO2, yielding aragonite saturation states of 2.5 ± 0.4, 2.0 ± 0.4, 1.5 ± 0.3, and 0.7 ± 0.2. Calcite/aragonite ratios within bimineralic calcifiers increased with increasing pCO2, but were invariant within monomineralic calcifiers. Calcite Mg/Ca ratios (Mg/CaC) also varied with atmospheric pCO2 for two of the five high-Mg-calcite-producing organisms, but not for the low-Mg-calcite-producing organisms. These results suggest that shell/skeletal mineralogy within some--but not all--marine calcifiers will change as atmospheric pCO2 continues rising as a result of fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. Paleoceanographic reconstructions of seawater Mg/Ca, temperature, and salinity from the Mg/CaC of well-preserved calcitic marine fossils may also be improved by accounting for the effects of paleo-atmospheric pCO2 on skeletal Mg-fractionation.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Arbacia punctulata; Argopecten irradians; Arthropoda; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Callinectes sapidus; Chlorophyta; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Crassostrea virginica; Crepidula fornicata; Echinodermata; Eucidaris tribuloides; Halimeda incrassata; Homarus americanus; Hydroides crucigera; Laboratory experiment; Littorina littorea; Macroalgae; Mercenaria mercenaria; Mollusca; Mya arenaria; Mytilus edulis; Neogoniolithon sp.; North Atlantic; Oculina arbuscula; Penaeus plebejus; Plantae; Rhodophyta; Single species; Strombus alatus; Temperate; Urosalpinx cinerea

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Ries, Justin B
2	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Ries, Justin B
3	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
4	Salinity	Sal		Ries, Justin B	Salinometer, Guildline Instruments, 8400B Autosal
5	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
6	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Ries, Justin B	Partial-immersion mercury-glass thermometer
7	Temperature, standard deviation	T std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
8	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Ries, Justin B	Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950)
9	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
10	pH	pH		Ries, Justin B	pH meter (Orion)	NBS scale
11	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Ries, Justin B	Calculated using CO2SYS
13	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
14	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Ries, Justin B	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
16	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Ries, Justin B	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
18	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Ries, Justin B	Calculated using CO2SYS	Calculated by Anne-Marin Nisumaa
19	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Species	Species		Ries, Justin B
29	Replicates	Repl	#	Ries, Justin B
30	Calcification response	calc resp		Ries, Justin B
31	Dissolution exceeds calcification	diss>calc		Ries, Justin B
32	Coverage, external organic layer	Cov org		Ries, Justin B
33	Calcite, magnesium/calcium ratio	Cal Mg/Ca		Ries, Justin B	see reference(s)
34	Calcite, magnesium/calcium ratio, standard deviation	Cal Mg/Ca std dev	±	Ries, Justin B
35	Calcite/Aragonite ratio	Cal/Arg		Ries, Justin B	see reference(s)
36	Calcite/Aragonite, standard deviation	Cal/Arg std dev	±	Ries, Justin B

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2760 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 ID	2 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	3 pCO2 std dev [±]	4 Sal (Salinometer, Guildline Instru...)	5 Sal std dev [±]	6 Temp [°C] (Partial-immersion mercury-gla...)	7 T std dev [±]	8 AT [µmol/kg] (Alkalinity, Gran titration (G...)	9 AT std dev [±]	10 pH (NBS scale, pH meter (Orion))	11 pH std dev [±]	12 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	13 DIC std dev [±]	14 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 pCO2 std dev [±]	16 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 Omega Arg std dev [±]	18 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated by Anne-Marin Nisu...)	19 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	21 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Species	29 Repl [#]	30 calc resp	31 diss>calc	32 Cov org	33 Cal Mg/Ca (see reference(s))	34 Cal Mg/Ca std dev [±]	35 Cal/Arg (see reference(s))	36 Cal/Arg std dev [±]
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	409	6	31.7	0.2	25.0	0.2	1960	30	8.11	0.06	1738	47	450	83	2.6	0.3	1749.4	26	7.97	12.33	428.15	426.80	1588.77	148.30	2.40	3.66	Hydroides crucigera	19	Negative	No	Low	0.203	0.006	1.000	0.050
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	409	6	31.8	0.1	25.1	0.1	1770	108	8.09	0.03	1568	101	420	46	2.3	0.2	1580.3	26	7.95	11.67	406.40	405.13	1439.56	129.08	2.09	3.19	Urosalpinx cinerea	15	Negative	Yes	Low	0.005	0.004	0.333	0.040
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	409	6	31.8	0.2	25.0	0.1	2008	56	8.19	0.03	1738	50	359	32	3.1	0.2	1754.6	26	8.05	10.11	351.31	350.20	1568.07	176.42	2.85	4.36	Neogoniolithon sp.	32	Parabolic	No	High	0.249	0.013	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	409	6	31.9	0.3	25.1	0.1	1744	147	8.04	0.06	1563	127	473	67	2.1	0.3	1575.4	26	7.90	13.14	457.98	456.54	1446.40	115.86	1.87	2.86	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.061	0.006	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	409	6	31.9	0.3	25.1	0.1	1744	147	8.04	0.06	1563	127	473	67	2.1	0.3	1575.4	26	7.90	13.14	457.98	456.54	1446.40	115.86	1.87	2.86	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.086	0.006	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	409	6	31.9	0.3	25.1	0.1	1744	147	8.04	0.06	1563	127	473	67	2.1	0.3	1575.4	26	7.90	13.14	457.98	456.54	1446.40	115.86	1.87	2.86	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.054	0.005	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	409	6	31.9	0.3	25.1	0.1	1744	147	8.04	0.06	1563	127	473	67	2.1	0.3	1575.4	26	7.90	13.14	457.98	456.54	1446.40	115.86	1.87	2.86	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.124	0.003	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	409	6	32.0	0.2	24.9	0.2	1860	157	8.03	0.06	1678	140	526	63	2.1	0.4	1688.7	26	7.89	14.46	501.67	500.09	1553.08	121.16	1.95	2.99	Homarus americanus	14	Threshold positive	No	High	0.092	0.004	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	409	6	32.0	0.2	24.9	0.2	1860	157	8.03	0.06	1678	140	526	63	2.1	0.4	1688.7	26	7.89	14.46	501.67	500.09	1553.08	121.16	1.95	2.99	Callinectes sapidus	20	Positive	No	High	0.072	0.004	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	409	6	32.0	0.2	24.9	0.2	1860	157	8.03	0.06	1678	140	526	63	2.1	0.4	1688.7	26	7.89	14.46	501.67	500.09	1553.08	121.16	1.95	2.99	Penaeus plebejus	14	Positive	No	High	0.047	0.010	32.333
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	409	6	31.8	0.1	25.1	0.1	1770	108	8.09	0.03	1568	101	420	46	2.3	0.2	1580.3	26	7.95	11.67	406.40	405.13	1439.56	129.08	2.09	3.19	Littorina littorea	19	Negative	No	Mod	0.003	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	409	6	32.1	0.3	25.1	0.1	1833	125	8.15	0.04	1598	112	370	46	2.6	0.3	1610.7	26	8.01	10.20	355.92	354.80	1450.06	150.44	2.43	3.71	Argopecten irradians	20	Negative	No	Low	0.020	0.005	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	409	6	32.1	0.3	25.1	0.1	1833	125	8.15	0.04	1598	112	370	46	2.6	0.3	1610.7	26	8.01	10.20	355.92	354.80	1450.06	150.44	2.43	3.71	Crassostrea virginica	16	Negative	No	Low	0.005	0.003	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	409	6	32.1	0.3	25.1	0.1	1833	125	8.15	0.04	1598	112	370	46	2.6	0.3	1610.7	26	8.01	10.20	355.92	354.80	1450.06	150.44	2.43	3.71	Mytilus edulis	20	No response	No	Mod	0.003	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	409	6	32.1	0.3	25.1	0.1	1833	125	8.15	0.04	1598	112	370	46	2.6	0.3	1610.7	26	8.01	10.20	355.92	354.80	1450.06	150.44	2.43	3.71	Mercenaria mercenaria	19	Threshold negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	409	6	32.1	0.3	25.1	0.1	1833	125	8.15	0.04	1598	112	370	46	2.6	0.3	1610.7	26	8.01	10.20	355.92	354.80	1450.06	150.44	2.43	3.71	Mya arenaria	11	Negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	409	6	31.8	0.1	25.1	0.1	1770	108	8.09	0.03	1568	101	420	46	2.3	0.2	1580.3	26	7.95	11.67	406.40	405.13	1439.56	129.08	2.09	3.19	Crepidula fornicata	18	Parabolic	No	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	409	6	31.8	0.1	25.1	0.1	1770	108	8.09	0.03	1568	101	420	46	2.3	0.2	1580.3	26	7.95	11.67	406.40	405.13	1439.56	129.08	2.09	3.19	Strombus alatus	20	Threshold negative	No	Low			0.031
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	409	6	31.8	0.2	25.0	0.1	2008	56	8.19	0.03	1738	50	359	32	3.1	0.2	1754.6	26	8.05	10.11	351.31	350.20	1568.07	176.42	2.85	4.36	Halimeda incrassata	16	Parabolic	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	409	6	31.7	0.2	25.0	0.2	1960	30	8.11	0.06	1738	47	450	83	2.6	0.3	1749.4	26	7.97	12.33	428.15	426.80	1588.77	148.30	2.40	3.66	Oculina arbuscula	21	Threshold negative	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	606	7	31.6	0.4	24.9	0.1	2012	37	8.03	0.04	1824	32	573	52	2.3	0.2	1834.0	26	7.89	15.79	546.59	544.87	1687.92	130.30	2.11	3.22	Hydroides crucigera	19	Negative	No	Low	0.208	0.006	1.174	0.040
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	606	7	31.8	0.2	24.9	0.2	1798	142	8.00	0.07	1634	147	561	137	1.9	0.3	1642.9	26	7.86	15.18	526.02	524.36	1517.81	109.92	1.78	2.71	Urosalpinx cinerea	15	Negative	Yes	Low	0.006	0.003	0.429	0.040
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	606	7	31.7	0.1	25.0	0.2	1987	127	8.05	0.06	1786	101	526	68	2.4	0.4	1801.0	26	7.91	14.72	511.27	509.66	1652.00	134.27	2.17	3.32	Neogoniolithon sp.	32	Parabolic	No	High	0.229	0.009	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.2	1751	168	7.90	0.05	1623	145	686	35	1.6	0.3	1632.7	26	7.76	19.18	666.40	664.30	1525.50	88.02	1.42	2.17	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.060	0.008	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.2	1751	168	7.90	0.05	1623	145	686	35	1.6	0.3	1632.7	26	7.76	19.18	666.40	664.30	1525.50	88.02	1.42	2.17	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.091	0.005	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.2	1751	168	7.90	0.05	1623	145	686	35	1.6	0.3	1632.7	26	7.76	19.18	666.40	664.30	1525.50	88.02	1.42	2.17	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.056	0.006	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.2	1751	168	7.90	0.05	1623	145	686	35	1.6	0.3	1632.7	26	7.76	19.18	666.40	664.30	1525.50	88.02	1.42	2.17	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.122	0.002	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.1	1849	131	7.85	0.10	1732	119	839	171	1.5	0.4	1743.3	26	7.71	23.07	801.84	799.31	1636.08	84.14	1.36	2.08	Homarus americanus	14	Threshold positive	No	High	0.090	0.006	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.1	1849	131	7.85	0.10	1732	119	839	171	1.5	0.4	1743.3	26	7.71	23.07	801.84	799.31	1636.08	84.14	1.36	2.08	Callinectes sapidus	20	Positive	No	High	0.072	0.004	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	606	7	31.8	0.1	25.0	0.1	1849	131	7.85	0.10	1732	119	839	171	1.5	0.4	1743.3	26	7.71	23.07	801.84	799.31	1636.08	84.14	1.36	2.08	Penaeus plebejus	14	Positive	No	High	0.042	0.009	32.333
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	606	7	31.8	0.2	24.9	0.2	1798	142	8.00	0.07	1634	147	561	137	1.9	0.3	1642.9	26	7.86	15.18	526.02	524.36	1517.81	109.92	1.78	2.71	Littorina littorea	19	Negative	No	Mod	0.004	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	606	7	31.7	0.2	25.1	0.1	1862	141	8.02	0.08	1684	126	547	119	2.1	0.4	1695.2	26	7.88	14.88	518.16	516.53	1561.45	118.87	1.92	2.94	Argopecten irradians	20	Negative	No	Low	0.015	0.003	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	606	7	31.7	0.2	25.1	0.1	1862	141	8.02	0.08	1684	126	547	119	2.1	0.4	1695.2	26	7.88	14.88	518.16	516.53	1561.45	118.87	1.92	2.94	Crassostrea virginica	16	Negative	No	Low	0.005	0.004	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	606	7	31.7	0.2	25.1	0.1	1862	141	8.02	0.08	1684	126	547	119	2.1	0.4	1695.2	26	7.88	14.88	518.16	516.53	1561.45	118.87	1.92	2.94	Mytilus edulis	20	No response	No	Mod	0.004	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	606	7	31.7	0.2	25.1	0.1	1862	141	8.02	0.08	1684	126	547	119	2.1	0.4	1695.2	26	7.88	14.88	518.16	516.53	1561.45	118.87	1.92	2.94	Mercenaria mercenaria	19	Threshold negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	606	7	31.7	0.2	25.1	0.1	1862	141	8.02	0.08	1684	126	547	119	2.1	0.4	1695.2	26	7.88	14.88	518.16	516.53	1561.45	118.87	1.92	2.94	Mya arenaria	11	Negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	606	7	31.8	0.2	24.9	0.2	1798	142	8.00	0.07	1634	147	561	137	1.9	0.3	1642.9	26	7.86	15.18	526.02	524.36	1517.81	109.92	1.78	2.71	Crepidula fornicata	18	Parabolic	No	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	606	7	31.8	0.2	24.9	0.2	1798	142	8.00	0.07	1634	147	561	137	1.9	0.3	1642.9	26	7.86	15.18	526.02	524.36	1517.81	109.92	1.78	2.71	Strombus alatus	20	Threshold negative	No	Low			0.031
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	606	7	31.7	0.1	25.0	0.2	1987	127	8.05	0.06	1786	101	526	68	2.4	0.4	1801.0	26	7.91	14.72	511.27	509.66	1652.00	134.27	2.17	3.32	Halimeda incrassata	16	Parabolic	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	606	7	31.6	0.4	24.9	0.1	2012	37	8.03	0.04	1824	32	573	52	2.3	0.2	1834.0	26	7.89	15.79	546.59	544.87	1687.92	130.30	2.11	3.22	Oculina arbuscula	21	Threshold negative	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	903	12	31.7	0.4	24.9	0.1	2027	30	7.85	0.05	1907	30	915	110	1.6	0.2	1916.1	26	7.71	25.43	880.93	878.15	1798.68	91.99	1.49	2.27	Hydroides crucigera	19	Negative	No	Low	0.219	0.009	1.273	0.040
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	903	12	31.9	0.2	24.9	0.1	1849	63	7.86	0.07	1733	78	831	168	1.5	0.2	1740.0	26	7.72	22.49	780.06	777.60	1631.67	85.83	1.39	2.12	Urosalpinx cinerea	15	Negative	Yes	Low	0.006	0.004	0.515	0.040
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	903	12	31.5	0.2	25.1	0.2	2044	53	7.91	0.03	1903	46	802	48	1.8	0.1	1911.2	26	7.77	21.97	764.11	761.71	1784.39	104.85	1.70	2.60	Neogoniolithon sp.	32	Parabolic	No	High	0.217	0.008	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	903	12	31.7	0.3	24.9	0.1	1792	117	7.77	0.02	1707	108	999	44	1.2	0.1	1713.2	26	7.63	27.49	952.26	949.26	1616.94	68.77	1.11	1.70	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.064	0.004	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	903	12	31.7	0.3	24.9	0.1	1792	117	7.77	0.02	1707	108	999	44	1.2	0.1	1713.2	26	7.63	27.49	952.26	949.26	1616.94	68.77	1.11	1.70	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.087	0.007	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	903	12	31.7	0.3	24.9	0.1	1792	117	7.77	0.02	1707	108	999	44	1.2	0.1	1713.2	26	7.63	27.49	952.26	949.26	1616.94	68.77	1.11	1.70	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.055	0.005	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	903	12	31.7	0.3	24.9	0.1	1792	117	7.77	0.02	1707	108	999	44	1.2	0.1	1713.2	26	7.63	27.49	952.26	949.26	1616.94	68.77	1.11	1.70	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.123	0.003	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	903	12	32.1	1.0	25.0	0.2	1817	162	7.72	0.06	1744	155	1146	124	1.1	0.2	1750.3	26	7.58	31.38	1091.99	1088.55	1655.30	63.63	1.03	1.57	Homarus americanus	14	Threshold positive	No	High	0.096	0.006	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	903	12	32.1	1.0	25.0	0.2	1817	162	7.72	0.06	1744	155	1146	124	1.1	0.2	1750.3	26	7.58	31.38	1091.99	1088.55	1655.30	63.63	1.03	1.57	Callinectes sapidus	20	Positive	No	High	0.070	0.004	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	903	12	32.1	1.0	25.0	0.2	1817	162	7.72	0.06	1744	155	1146	124	1.1	0.2	1750.3	26	7.58	31.38	1091.99	1088.55	1655.30	63.63	1.03	1.57	Penaeus plebejus	14	Positive	No	High	0.045	0.008	32.333
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	903	12	31.9	0.2	24.9	0.1	1849	63	7.86	0.07	1733	78	831	168	1.5	0.2	1740.0	26	7.72	22.49	780.06	777.60	1631.67	85.83	1.39	2.12	Littorina littorea	19	Negative	No	Mod	0.003	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	903	12	31.9	0.3	25.0	0.2	1856	92	7.83	0.05	1749	87	892	108	1.4	0.2	1756.1	26	7.69	24.35	846.72	844.06	1650.49	81.25	1.31	2.00	Argopecten irradians	20	Negative	No	Low	0.018	0.005	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	903	12	31.9	0.3	25.0	0.2	1856	92	7.83	0.05	1749	87	892	108	1.4	0.2	1756.1	26	7.69	24.35	846.72	844.06	1650.49	81.25	1.31	2.00	Crassostrea virginica	16	Negative	No	Low	0.004	0.003	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	903	12	31.9	0.3	25.0	0.2	1856	92	7.83	0.05	1749	87	892	108	1.4	0.2	1756.1	26	7.69	24.35	846.72	844.06	1650.49	81.25	1.31	2.00	Mytilus edulis	20	No response	No	Mod	0.003	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	903	12	31.9	0.3	25.0	0.2	1856	92	7.83	0.05	1749	87	892	108	1.4	0.2	1756.1	26	7.69	24.35	846.72	844.06	1650.49	81.25	1.31	2.00	Mercenaria mercenaria	19	Threshold negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	903	12	31.9	0.3	25.0	0.2	1856	92	7.83	0.05	1749	87	892	108	1.4	0.2	1756.1	26	7.69	24.35	846.72	844.06	1650.49	81.25	1.31	2.00	Mya arenaria	11	Negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	903	12	31.9	0.2	24.9	0.1	1849	63	7.86	0.07	1733	78	831	168	1.5	0.2	1740.0	26	7.72	22.49	780.06	777.60	1631.67	85.83	1.39	2.12	Crepidula fornicata	18	Parabolic	No	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	903	12	31.9	0.2	24.9	0.1	1849	63	7.86	0.07	1733	78	831	168	1.5	0.2	1740.0	26	7.72	22.49	780.06	777.60	1631.67	85.83	1.39	2.12	Strombus alatus	20	Threshold negative	No	Low			0.031
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	903	12	31.5	0.2	25.1	0.2	2044	53	7.91	0.03	1903	46	802	48	1.8	0.1	1911.2	26	7.77	21.97	764.11	761.71	1784.39	104.85	1.70	2.60	Halimeda incrassata	16	Parabolic	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	903	12	31.7	0.4	24.9	0.1	2027	30	7.85	0.05	1907	30	915	110	1.6	0.2	1916.1	26	7.71	25.43	880.93	878.15	1798.68	91.99	1.49	2.27	Oculina arbuscula	21	Threshold negative	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	2856	54	31.5	0.6	25.2	0.1	2071	48	7.48	0.03	2070	40	2377	128	0.8	0.1	2073.0	26	7.34	65.04	2267.90	2260.78	1964.94	43.02	0.70	1.07	Hydroides crucigera	19	Negative	No	Low	0.235	0.010	1.857	0.040
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	2856	54	31.7	0.1	24.9	0.1	2079	124	7.42	0.07	2097	111	2758	316	0.7	0.1	2099.3	26	7.28	75.59	2618.74	2610.49	1985.98	37.72	0.61	0.93	Urosalpinx cinerea	15	Negative	Yes	Low	0.007	0.002	1.273	0.060
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	2856	54	31.8	0.3	24.9	0.1	2354	37	7.49	0.02	2350	33	2593	106	0.9	0.1	2355.7	26	7.35	72.28	2505.17	2497.28	2233.45	49.97	0.81	1.23	Neogoniolithon sp.	32	Parabolic	No	High	0.197	0.012	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	2856	54	31.7	0.2	25.0	0.1	1891	78	7.36	0.03	1921	73	2854	159	0.5	0.1	1924.7	26	7.22	79.23	2751.72	2743.06	1815.35	30.13	0.49	0.74	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.062	0.003	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	2856	54	31.7	0.2	25.0	0.1	1891	78	7.36	0.03	1921	73	2854	159	0.5	0.1	1924.7	26	7.22	79.23	2751.72	2743.06	1815.35	30.13	0.49	0.74	Arbacia punctulata	17	Parabolic	No	High	0.087	0.010	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	2856	54	31.7	0.2	25.0	0.1	1891	78	7.36	0.03	1921	73	2854	159	0.5	0.1	1924.7	26	7.22	79.23	2751.72	2743.06	1815.35	30.13	0.49	0.74	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.055	0.006	32.333
Echinoid aquaria (pencil urchin/purple urchin)	2856	54	31.7	0.2	25.0	0.1	1891	78	7.36	0.03	1921	73	2854	159	0.5	0.1	1924.7	26	7.22	79.23	2751.72	2743.06	1815.35	30.13	0.49	0.74	Eucidaris tribuloides	22	Threshold negative	Yes	Low	0.123	0.004	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.1	0.1	1817	171	7.31	0.03	1860	169	3103	217	0.5	0.1	1862.4	26	7.17	85.44	2977.92	2968.56	1750.85	26.11	0.42	0.64	Homarus americanus	14	Threshold positive	No	High	0.094	0.007	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.1	0.1	1817	171	7.31	0.03	1860	169	3103	217	0.5	0.1	1862.4	26	7.17	85.44	2977.92	2968.56	1750.85	26.11	0.42	0.64	Callinectes sapidus	20	Positive	No	High	0.073	0.003	32.333
Crustacea aquaria (lobster/crab/ shrimp)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.1	0.1	1817	171	7.31	0.03	1860	169	3103	217	0.5	0.1	1862.4	26	7.17	85.44	2977.92	2968.56	1750.85	26.11	0.42	0.64	Penaeus plebejus	14	Positive	No	High	0.044	0.011	32.333
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	2856	54	31.7	0.1	24.9	0.1	2079	124	7.42	0.07	2097	111	2758	316	0.7	0.1	2099.3	26	7.28	75.59	2618.74	2610.49	1985.98	37.72	0.61	0.93	Littorina littorea	19	Negative	No	Mod	0.003	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.0	0.1	2063	43	7.45	0.04	2071	51	2551	256	0.7	0.0	2073.2	26	7.31	69.49	2415.98	2408.38	1963.41	40.30	0.65	0.99	Argopecten irradians	20	Negative	No	Low	0.018	0.003	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.0	0.1	2063	43	7.45	0.04	2071	51	2551	256	0.7	0.0	2073.2	26	7.31	69.49	2415.98	2408.38	1963.41	40.30	0.65	0.99	Crassostrea virginica	16	Negative	No	Low	0.005	0.003	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.0	0.1	2063	43	7.45	0.04	2071	51	2551	256	0.7	0.0	2073.2	26	7.31	69.49	2415.98	2408.38	1963.41	40.30	0.65	0.99	Mytilus edulis	20	No response	No	Mod	0.003	0.002	32.333
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.0	0.1	2063	43	7.45	0.04	2071	51	2551	256	0.7	0.0	2073.2	26	7.31	69.49	2415.98	2408.38	1963.41	40.30	0.65	0.99	Mercenaria mercenaria	19	Threshold negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Bivalve aquaria (clams/mussel/scallop/oyster)	2856	54	31.9	0.2	25.0	0.1	2063	43	7.45	0.04	2071	51	2551	256	0.7	0.0	2073.2	26	7.31	69.49	2415.98	2408.38	1963.41	40.30	0.65	0.99	Mya arenaria	11	Negative	Yes	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	2856	54	31.7	0.1	24.9	0.1	2079	124	7.42	0.07	2097	111	2758	316	0.7	0.1	2099.3	26	7.28	75.59	2618.74	2610.49	1985.98	37.72	0.61	0.93	Crepidula fornicata	18	Parabolic	No	Low			0.031
Mollusk aquaria (conch/limpet/whelk /periwinkle)	2856	54	31.7	0.1	24.9	0.1	2079	124	7.42	0.07	2097	111	2758	316	0.7	0.1	2099.3	26	7.28	75.59	2618.74	2610.49	1985.98	37.72	0.61	0.93	Strombus alatus	20	Threshold negative	No	Low			0.031
Algae aquaria (coralline red alga/ halimeda)	2856	54	31.8	0.3	24.9	0.1	2354	37	7.49	0.02	2350	33	2593	106	0.9	0.1	2355.7	26	7.35	72.28	2505.17	2497.28	2233.45	49.97	0.81	1.23	Halimeda incrassata	16	Parabolic	No	High			0.031
Coral/serpulid worm aquaria	2856	54	31.5	0.6	25.2	0.1	2071	48	7.48	0.03	2070	40	2377	128	0.8	0.1	2073.0	26	7.34	65.04	2267.90	2260.78	1964.94	43.02	0.70	1.07	Oculina arbuscula	21	Threshold negative	No	High			0.031