Passier, Hilde F; Bosch, Hendrik-Jan; Nijenhuis, Ivar A; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Böttcher, Michael Ernst; Leenders, Anke; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; de Lange, Gert J; de Leeuw, Jan W (1997): (Table 1) Geochemistry of Sapropels of the Mediterranean Sea [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.769873, Supplement to: Passier, HF et al. (1999): Sulphidic Mediterranean surface waters during Pliocene sapropel formation. Nature, 397(6715), 146-149, https://doi.org/10.1038/16441
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Abstract:
Sapropels -organic-matter rich layers- are common in Neogene sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The formation of these layers has been attributed to climate-related increases in organic-matter production (Calvert et al., 1992, doi:10.1038/359223a0; Rossignol-Strick et al., 1982, doi:10.1038/295105a0; Rohling, 1994, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(94)90202-X) and increased organic-matter preservation due to oxygen depletion in more stagnant bottom waters (Rossignol-Strick et al., 1982, doi:10.1038/295105a0; Rohling, 1994, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(94)90202-X). Here we report that eastern Mediterranean Pliocene sapropels (Emeis et al., 1996, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.160.102.1996) contain molecular fossils of a compound (isorenieratene) known to be synthesized by photosynthetic green sulphur bacteria, suggesting that sulphidic (euxinic) -and therefore anoxic- conditions prevailed in the photic zone of the water column. These sapropels also have a high trace-metal content, which is probably due to the efficient scavenging of these metals by precipitating sulphides in a euxinic water column. The abundance and sulphur-isotope composition of pyrite are consistent with iron sulphide formation in the water column. We conclude that basin-wide water-column euxinia occurred over substantial periods during Pliocene sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and that the ultimate degradation of the increased organic-matter production was strongly influential in generating and sustaining the euxinic conditions.
Project(s):
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.846000 * Median Longitude: 25.162020 * South-bound Latitude: 33.796400 * West-bound Longitude: 17.750000 * North-bound Latitude: 36.260800 * East-bound Longitude: 32.725600
Date/Time Start: 1995-03-20T02:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-04-16T17:55:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 42.6 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 82.9 m
Event(s):
160-964D * Latitude: 36.260600 * Longitude: 17.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1995-03-20T02:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-03-20T16:45:00 * Elevation: -3660.0 m * Penetration: 108.6 m * Recovery: 112.2 m * Location: Eastern Basin * Campaign: Leg160 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 12 cores; 108.6 m cored; 0 m drilled; 103.3 % recovery
160-964E * Latitude: 36.260800 * Longitude: 17.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1995-03-20T16:45:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-03-21T00:45:00 * Elevation: -3661.0 m * Penetration: 85.5 m * Recovery: 54.32 m * Location: Eastern Basin * Campaign: Leg160 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 6 cores; 53 m cored; 0 m drilled; 102.5 % recovery
160-966C * Latitude: 33.796400 * Longitude: 32.701400 * Date/Time Start: 1995-03-28T13:12:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-03-29T03:20:00 * Elevation: -926.0 m * Penetration: 127 m * Recovery: 101.6 m * Location: Eastern Basin * Campaign: Leg160 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 17 cores; 127 m cored; 0 m drilled; 80 % recovery
Comment:
Sediment depth is given in mbsf. Enrichment factors are given with respect to average non-sapropel sediments around the sapropels.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | ||||
| 2 | Code | Code | Passier, Hilde F | sapropel | ||
| 3 | Sample code/label | Sample label | Passier, Hilde F | DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation | ||
| 4 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Geocode | ||
| 5 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Geocode | ||
| 6 | Cadmium | Cd | mg/kg | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 7 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | Cd | ||
| 8 | Molybdenum | Mo | mg/kg | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 9 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | Mo | ||
| 10 | Nickel | Ni | mg/kg | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 11 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | Ni | ||
| 12 | Selenium | Se | mg/kg | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 13 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | Se | ||
| 14 | Vanadium | V | mg/kg | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 15 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | V | ||
| 16 | Carbon, organic, total | TOC | % | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 17 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | TOC | ||
| 18 | Accumulation rate, total organic carbon | Acc rate TOC | g/cm2/ka | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 19 | Barium | Ba | mg/kg | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 20 | Enrichment factor | EF | Passier, Hilde F | Ba | ||
| 21 | Sulfur of pyrite | S Py | % | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 22 | δ34S, pyrite | δ34S Py | ‰ CDT | Passier, Hilde F | ||
| 23 | Isorenieratene derivative | Iso deriv | Passier, Hilde F | ++ = abundant, + = trace, - = not detected |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
145 data points
Data
| 1 Event | 2 Code (sapropel) | 3 Sample label | 4 Age [ka BP] | 5 Depth sed [m] | 6 Cd [mg/kg] | 7 EF (Cd) | 8 Mo [mg/kg] | 9 EF (Mo) | 10 Ni [mg/kg] | 11 EF (Ni) | 12 Se [mg/kg] | 13 EF (Se) | 14 V [mg/kg] | 15 EF (V) | 16 TOC [%] | 17 EF (TOC) | 18 Acc rate TOC [g/cm2/ka] | 19 Ba [mg/kg] | 20 EF (Ba) | 21 S Py [%] | 22 δ34S Py [‰ CDT] | 23 Iso deriv (++ = abundant, + = trace, - =...) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160-964D | i-282A | 160-964D-10H-1,103-110 | 2943 | 80.2 | 34 | 130 | 195 | 16 | 317 | 9 | 29 | 131 | 1317 | 13 | 15.3 | 149 | 0.62 | 1603 | 13 | |||
| 160-964D | i-282A | 160-964D-10H-1,107.5-108 | 2943 | 80.2 | 21.1 | 2.4 | -36.1 | + | ||||||||||||||
| 160-964E | i-290 | 160-964E-6H-5,77-103 | 3036 | 82.9 | 6 | 61 | 45 | 6 | 291 | 9 | 304 | 5 | 5.0 | 76 | 0.20 | |||||||
| 160-964E | i-290 | 160-964E-6H-5,99-100 | 3036 | 82.9 | 23.6 | 3.6 | -39.5 | + | ||||||||||||||
| 160-966C | i-292A | 160-966C-5H-3,148-13 | 3058 | 42.6 | 1 | 9 | 133 | 21 | 101 | 3 | 340 | 4 | 6.0 | 24 | 0.12 | |||||||
| 160-966C | i-292A | 160-966C-5H-4,10-11 | 3058 | 42.6 | 11.6 | 1.1 | -39.1 | - | ||||||||||||||
| 160-967C | i-176 | 160-967C-6H-2,30-44 | 1808 | 48.4 | 98 | 32 | 190 | 2 | 13 | 121 | 430 | 5 | 5.0 | 37 | 0.18 | |||||||
| 160-967C | i-176 | 160-967C-6H-2,36-37.7 | 1808 | 48.4 | 7.4 | 5.8 | -41.4 | ++ | ||||||||||||||
| 160-967C | i-282B | 160-967C-8H-4,114-130 | 2943 | 72.2 | 3 | 45 | 202 | 6 | 183 | 4 | 22 | 52 | 555 | 6 | 8.4 | 63 | 0.34 | 1029 | 8 | |||
| 160-967C | i-282B | 160-967C-8H-4,122.5-123 | 2943 | 72.2 | 14.5 | 2.8 | -37.4 | + | ||||||||||||||
| 160-967C | i-292B | 160-967C-8H-6,40-57 | 3058 | 74.5 | 8 | 51 | 224 | 18 | 174 | 4 | 918 | 7 | 13.2 | 64 | 0.53 | |||||||
| 160-967C | i-292B | 160-967C-8H-6,46-47 | 3058 | 74.5 | 20.3 | 1.9 | -37.3 | + | ||||||||||||||
| 160-969E | i-282C | 160-969E-6H-6,27-39 | 2943 | 50.7 | 21 | 270 | 407 | 26 | 299 | 4 | 24 | 17 | 1937 | 19 | 17.7 | 81 | 0.71 | 1316 | 11 | |||
| 160-969E | i-282C | 160-969E-6H-6,32-33 | 2943 | 50.7 | 23.5 | 2.1 | -42.0 | ++ |