Not logged in
PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

Pearson, Paul N; Palmer, Martin R (2000): (Table 1) Boron-isotope measurements of shallow-dwelling planktonic foraminifera of ODP Holes 144-817A, 144-872C and 143-865C [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.769843, Supplement to: Pearson, PN; Palmer, MR (2000): Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature, 406, 695-699, https://doi.org/10.1038/35021000

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth

Abstract:
Knowledge of the evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the Earth's history is important for a reconstruction of the links between climate and radiative forcing of the Earth's surface temperatures. Although atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the early Cenozoic era (about 60 Myr ago) are widely believed to have been higher than at present, there is disagreement regarding the exact carbon dioxide levels, the timing of the decline and the mechanisms that are most important for the control of CO2 concentrations over geological timescales. Here we use the boron-isotope ratios of ancient planktonic foraminifer shells to estimate the pH of surface-layer sea water throughout the past 60 million years, which can be used to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We estimate CO2 concentrations of more than 2,000 p.p.m. for the late Palaeocene and earliest Eocene periods (from about 60 to 52 Myr ago), and find an erratic decline between 55 and 40 Myr ago that may have been caused by reduced CO2 outgassing from ocean ridges, volcanoes and metamorphic belts and increased carbon burial. Since the early Miocene (about 24 Myr ago), atmospheric CO2 concentrations appear to have remained below 500 p.p.m. and were more stable than before, although transient intervals of CO2 reduction may have occurred during periods of rapid cooling approximately 15 and 3 Myr ago.
Related to:
Palmer, Martin R; Pearson, Paul N; Cobb, S J (1998): Reconstructing Past Ocean pH-Depth Profiles. Science, 282(5393), 1468-1471, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5393.1468
Pearson, Paul N (1995): Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy and the development of pelagic caps on guyots in the Marshall Island Group. In: Haggerty, JA; Premoli Silva, I; Rack, F; McNutt, MK. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 144, 21-59, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.144.013.1995
Pearson, Paul N; Palmer, Martin R (1999): Middle Eocene Seawater pH and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations. Science, 284(5421), 1824-1826, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5421.1824
Project(s):
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 11.365100 * Median Longitude: 171.885333 * South-bound Latitude: 5.557200 * West-bound Longitude: 162.866700 * North-bound Latitude: 18.440400 * East-bound Longitude: -179.555000
Date/Time Start: 1992-04-04T01:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-06-06T09:42:00
Minimum Elevation: -1528.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -1095.0 m
Event(s):
143-865C  * Latitude: 18.440400 * Longitude: -179.555000 * Date/Time Start: 1992-04-04T01:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-04-04T14:15:00 * Elevation: -1528.0 m * Penetration: 136.3 m * Recovery: 114.11 m * Location: North Pacific Ocean * Campaign: Leg143 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 15 cores; 136.3 m cored; 0 m drilled; 83.7 % recovery
144-871A  * Latitude: 5.557200 * Longitude: 172.344300 * Date/Time Start: 1992-05-24T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-05-25T03:45:00 * Elevation: -1266.0 m * Penetration: 151.9 m * Recovery: 126.05 m * Location: North Pacific Ocean * Campaign: Leg144 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 17 cores; 151.9 m cored; 0 m drilled; 83 % recovery
144-872C  * Latitude: 10.097700 * Longitude: 162.866700 * Date/Time Start: 1992-06-05T10:20:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-06-06T09:42:00 * Elevation: -1095.0 m * Penetration: 148 m * Recovery: 145.72 m * Location: North Pacific Ocean * Campaign: Leg144 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 18 cores; 148 m cored; 0 m drilled; 98.5 % recovery
Comment:
The ages of each sample were calculated by linear interpolation between reliable biostratigraphical datums for Sites 871 and 872 (as determined by Pearson, 1995) and for Site 865 (R. D. Norris & H. Nishi, unpublished data). Samples consisting of various species are the means of analyses presented in previous studies (Palmer et al., 1998 dataset: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.769846; Pearson and Palmer, 1999 dataset: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.769847). Hantkenina alabamensis samples were exluded from subsequent geochemical calculations because they probably represent vital-effect fractionation of the boron isotopes. The d11Bsw value for each sample is calculated from the d11Bsw differential from surface to oxygen minimum zone at discrete levels, or interpolation between those levels following the method of Pearson and Palmer (1999).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 Event labelEvent
2 AGEAgeka BPGeocode
3 Age, minimum/youngAge minkaPearson, Paul N
4 Age, maximum/oldAge maxkaPearson, Paul N
5 Sample code/labelSample labelPearson, Paul NDSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation
6 SpeciesSpeciesPearson, Paul N
7 SizeSizePearson, Paul Nin µm
8 δ11Bδ11B‰ SRMPearson, Paul Ncalcite
9 δ11B, standard deviationδ11B std dev±Pearson, Paul Ncaltite, 2 sigma
10 δ11Bδ11B‰ SRMPearson, Paul Nmodelledbottom water
11 pHpHPearson, Paul Nmodelled
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
326 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Event		2 
Age [ka BP]		3 
Age min [ka]		4 
Age max [ka]		5 
Sample label
(DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation)		6 
Species		7 
Size
(in µm)		8 
δ11B [‰ SRM]
(calcite)		9 
δ11B std dev [±]
(caltite, 2 sigma)		10 
δ11B [‰ SRM]
(bottom water, modelled)		11 
pH
(modelled)
144-871A 8560110144-871A-1H-1,124-126Various24.90.439.108.10
144-871A9804701370144-871A-2H-2,59-61Globigerinoides trilobus500-60025.10.139.108.12
144-871A149014501680144-871A-2H-6,59-61Globigerinoides trilobus500-60025.20.339.108.13
144-871A300029003100144-871A-3H-2,123-125Various25.90.439.108.21
144-871A600058007100144-871A-3H-5,60-62Globigerinoides trilobus500-60024.90.138.598.15
144-871A620058007100144-871A-3H-5,123-125Various24.50.338.538.12
144-871A118101150012600144-871A-4H-5,59-61Various24.10.337.708.16
144-871A130601260013100144-871A-6H-6,60-62Globigerinoides trilobus300-42524.40.437.708.20
144-871A147301460014900144-871A-7H-2,124-126Globigerinoides trilobus300-42525.50.437.708.31
144-871A149601490015200144-871A-7H-5,59-61Globigerinoides trilobus300-42525.00.237.708.26
144-871A162301620016300144-871A-8H-2,59-63Various23.70.437.708.14
144-872C 331031003500144-872C-3H-2,59-61Globigerinoides trilobus500-60025.50.139.038.17
144-872C387038003900144-872C-3H-5,118-120Globigerinoides trilobus500-60025.10.238.918.14
144-872C9020710010200144-872C-5H-2,14-16Globigerinoides trilobus500-60025.00.138.308.20
144-872C103901020010400144-872C-5H-6,59-61Globigerinoides trilobus500-60024.50.237.998.18
144-872C114001130011500144-872C-6H-5,20-22Globigerinoides trilobus500-60024.40.437.798.19
144-872C167001660019000144-872C-11H-1,20-22Globigerinoides trilobus300-42524.30.337.758.18
144-872C183801660019000144-872C-11H-6,20-22Globigerinoides trilobus300-42524.60.137.848.20
144-872C198501900021800144-872C-12H-2,78-80Globigerinoides trilobus300-42524.70.437.978.20
144-872C217001900021800144-872C-13H-3,20-22Globigerinoides trilobus300-42524.70.438.038.19
144-872C230002280023200144-872C-13H-5,20-22Globigerinoides trilobus300-42524.30.138.128.12
144-872C235102320023700144-872C-14H-4,20-22Globigerinoides trilobus300-42523.50.238.198.04
143-865C 348403400035200143-865C-3H-5,110-112Hantkenina alabamensis>25011.0
143-865C361003520038400143-865C-4H-1,110-112Hantkenina alabamensis>25011.4
143-865C395103840040100143-865C-4H-5,110-112Hantkenina alabamensis>25013.5
143-865C401204010040500143-865C-5H-1,110-112Acarinina topilensis300-42523.00.539.247.80
143-865C425204050043600143-865C-6H-2,65-67Various25.00.539.408.07
143-865C442604360045800143-865C-7H-1,110-112Acarinina topilensis300-42524.10.239.407.95
143-865C456904360045800143-865C-7H-3,110-112Acarinina praetopilensis300-42523.10.639.407.79
143-865C460704580046100143-865C-8H-3,110-112Acarinina praetopilensis300-42522.00.139.407.54
143-865C469704610049000143-865C-8H-5,110-112Acarinina praetopilensis300-42524.40.439.407.99
143-865C503304900050400143-865C-9H-5,110-112Acarinina praetopilensis500-60023.40.139.407.84
143-865C510205080052300143-865C-10H-1,110-112Morozovella caucasica500-60023.90.539.407.92
143-865C522205080052300143-865C-10H-5,100-102Morozovella caucasica425-50021.60.239.407.42
143-865C532405230054000143-865C-11H-1,110-112Morozovella marginodentata425-50022.30.439.407.62
143-865C558405470055900143-865C-12H-5,110-112Morozovella velascoensis s.l.21.80.339.407.48
143-865C571205710057500143-865C-14H-3,110-112Morozovella velascoensis s.l.300-42522.00.439.407.54
143-865C598805920060000143-865C-15H-5,110-112Morozovella velascoensis s.l.300-42521.60.239.407.42