Citation:

jeb.051169

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus biological processes during experiments, 2011
Published: 2011-09-01
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mediterranean Sea; Paracentrotus lividus; Reproduction; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is predicted to have significant effects on benthic calcifying invertebrates, in particular on their early developmental stages. Echinoderm larvae could be particularly vulnerable to decreased pH, with major consequences for adult populations. The objective of this study was to understand how ocean acidification would affect the initial life stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, a common species that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and the NE Atlantic. The effects of decreased pH (elevated PCO2) were investigated through physiological and molecular analyses on both embryonic and larval stages. Eggs and larvae were reared in Mediterranean seawater at six pH levels, i.e. pHT 8.1, 7.9, 7.7, 7.5, 7.25 and 7.0. Fertilization success, survival, growth and calcification rates were monitored over a 3 day period. The expression of genes coding for key proteins involved in development and biomineralization was also monitored. Paracentrotus lividus appears to be extremely resistant to low pH, with no effect on fertilization success or larval survival. Larval growth was slowed when exposed to low pH but with no direct impact on relative larval morphology or calcification down to pHT 7.25. Consequently, at a given time, larvae exposed to low pH were present at a normal but delayed larval stage. More surprisingly, candidate genes involved in development and biomineralization were upregulated by factors of up to 26 at low pH. Our results revealed plasticity at the gene expression level that allows a normal, but delayed, development under low pH conditions.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mediterranean Sea; Paracentrotus lividus; Reproduction; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Coverage:

Date/Time Start: 2009-04-14T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2009-04-17T16:00:00

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Martin, Sophie
2	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Martin, Sophie
3	DATE/TIME	Date/Time				Geocode
4	Incubation duration	Inc dur	h	Martin, Sophie
5	Sample ID	Sample ID		Martin, Sophie
6	Paracentrotus lividus, length	P. lividus l	µm	Martin, Sophie	Optical microscopy
7	Paracentrotus lividus, rod size	P. lividus rod size	mm	Martin, Sophie	Optical microscopy
8	Paracentrotus lividus, size, post-oral arms	P. lividus POA	µm	Martin, Sophie	Optical microscopy
9	Paracentrotus lividus, size, antero-lateral arms	P. lividus ALA	µm	Martin, Sophie	Optical microscopy
10	Paracentrotus lividus, width	P. lividus w	µm	Martin, Sophie	Optical microscopy
11	Asymmetrical	Asymmetrical	%	Martin, Sophie
12	Symmetry index	Symmetry index		Martin, Sophie
13	Paracentrotus lividus, uptake rate per larvae, calcium	P. lividus Ca/larv	nmol/#	Martin, Sophie	see reference(s)
14	Paracentrotus lividus, uptake, calcium, standard deviation	P. lividus Ca std dev	±	Martin, Sophie
15	Fertilization success rate	Fert success	%	Martin, Sophie	see reference(s)
16	Salinity	Sal		Martin, Sophie
17	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Martin, Sophie
18	pH	pH		Martin, Sophie	pH meter (Metrohm, 826 pH mobile)	Total scale
19	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Martin, Sophie
20	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Martin, Sophie	Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
23	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Martin, Sophie
24	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
25	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Martin, Sophie
27	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
28	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
29	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Martin, Sophie
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
31	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Martin, Sophie
32	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Martin, Sophie	Calculated using seacarb
33	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Martin, Sophie

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

16248 data points

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