Citation:

2006JC003770

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry, calcification and dissolution of a coral reef in the northern Red Sea, 2007
Published: 2007
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field observation; Macro-nutrients; Red Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate; Temperature

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Abstract:

In this study we investigated the relations between community calcification of an entire coral reef in the northern Red Sea and annual changes in temperature, aragonite saturation and nutrient loading over a two year period. Summer (April-October) and winter (November-March) average calcification rates varied between 60 ± 20 and 30 ± 20 mmol·m-2·d-1, respectively. In general, calcification increased with temperature and aragonite saturation state of reef water with an apparent effect of nutrients, which is in agreement with most laboratory studies and in situ measurements of single coral growth rates. The calcification rates we measured in the reef correlated remarkably well with precipitation rates of inorganic aragonite calculated for the same temperature and degree of saturation ranges using empirical equations from the literature. This is a very significant finding considering that only a minute portion of reef calcification is inorganic. Hence, these relations could be used to predict the response of coral reefs to ocean acidification and warming.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field observation; Macro-nutrients; Red Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate; Temperature

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Coverage:

Latitude: 29.510000 * Longitude: 34.920000

Minimum DEPTH, water: 1.5 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 1.8 m

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Date	Date		Silverman, Jacob
2	LATITUDE	Latitude				Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude				Geocode
4	Salinity	Sal		Silverman, Jacob		Reed
5	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Silverman, Jacob
6	Salinity	Sal		Silverman, Jacob		Open sea
7	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m			Geocode
8	Evaporation, daily total	Evapor day total	mm	Silverman, Jacob	Calculated, see reference(s)
9	Residence time	RT	days	Silverman, Jacob		Water in the reef
10	pH	pH		Silverman, Jacob	pH meter (Radiometer PHM 93)	NBS scale
11	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Silverman, Jacob	Titration potentiometric (Metler-Toledo)
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Silverman, Jacob	Calculated using CO2SYS
13	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Silverman, Jacob	Calculated using CO2SYS
14	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mmol/m²/h	Silverman, Jacob	Alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975)
15	Dissolution rate	diss rate	mmol/m²/day	Silverman, Jacob	Calculated, see reference(s)	Max
16	Dissolution rate, standard deviation	Diss rate std dev	±	Silverman, Jacob		Max
17	Dissolution rate	diss rate	mmol/m²/day	Silverman, Jacob	Calculated, see reference(s)	Rec
18	Dissolution rate, standard deviation	Diss rate std dev	±	Silverman, Jacob		Rec
19	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

360 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Sal (Reed)	5 Temp [°C]	6 Sal (Open sea)	7 Depth water [m]	8 Evapor day total [mm] (Calculated, see reference(s))	9 RT [days] (Water in the reef)	10 pH (NBS scale, pH meter (Radiomet...)	11 AT [µmol/kg] (Titration potentiometric (Met...)	12 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	13 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	14 Calc rate CaCO3 [mmol/m²/h] (Alkalinity anomaly technique ...)	15 diss rate [mmol/m²/day] (Max, Calculated, see referenc...)	16 Diss rate std dev [±] (Max)	17 diss rate [mmol/m²/day] (Rec, Calculated, see referenc...)	18 Diss rate std dev [±] (Rec)	19 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	21 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
1997-06	29.51	34.92	40.47	25.57	40.45	1.6	5.0	0.158	8.254	2469	2052.2	4.29	3.7917			8	3	26	8.12	8.90	328.02	327.00	1754.78	288.52	4.39	6.62
1998-02	29.51	34.92	40.61	21.16	40.58	1.7	6.8	0.183	8.232	2484	2118.8	3.93	1.5417	28	4	14	2	26	8.11	10.49	345.45	344.31	1854.22	254.09	3.80	5.81
1998-09	29.51	34.92	40.91	27.83	40.87	1.5	7.4	0.183	8.269	2462	2009.9	4.41	4.5000					26	8.13	8.03	313.52	312.57	1691.02	310.85	4.75	7.12
2000-03	29.51	34.92											0.7083	34	3	14	2
2000-10	29.51	34.92	40.76	25.14	40.72	1.5	7.0	0.213	8.188	2475	2105.8	3.81	2.2500			20	4	26	8.06	10.88	397.42	396.17	1837.10	257.82	3.90	5.90
2000-11	29.51	34.92	40.83	22.47	40.79	1.7	7.3	0.200	8.184	2480	2134.7	3.72	1.4583					26	8.06	11.65	397.59	396.30	1881.46	241.60	3.62	5.51
2000-12	29.51	34.92	40.77	21.86	40.73	1.7	8.0	0.208	8.184	2479	2139.3	3.69	1.2917			14	4	26	8.06	11.80	396.46	395.16	1889.70	237.79	3.56	5.43
2001-01	29.51	34.92	40.81	21.22	40.78	1.8	7.0	0.188	8.260	2480	2093.6	4.18	2.2500					26	8.14	9.61	317.42	316.38	1816.75	267.24	3.99	6.10
2001-02	29.51	34.92	40.82	20.87	40.78	1.7	7.5	0.221	8.218	2480	2125.4	4.14	2.2083			15	3	26	8.10	10.94	357.89	356.71	1867.68	246.78	3.68	5.63
2001-03	29.51	34.92	40.66	21.94	40.63	1.7	5.0	0.250	8.195	2479	2132.2	3.81	2.0417					26	8.07	11.43	384.61	383.36	1878.30	242.46	3.63	5.54
2001-05	29.51	34.92	40.61	22.97	40.58	1.7	4.7	0.267	8.175	2480	2138.3	3.67	1.3333	12	3			26	8.05	11.86	409.71	408.39	1886.66	239.78	3.61	5.48
2001-06	29.51	34.92	40.56	23.77	40.53	1.6	5.0	0.196	8.175	2481	2133.1	3.69	1.5833	15	4	5	2	26	8.05	11.68	411.77	410.45	1877.25	244.17	3.69	5.59
2001-07	29.51	34.92	40.69	27.24	40.66	1.5	5.5	0.200	8.202	2468	2072.2	4.01	2.9167					26	8.07	9.99	383.90	382.73	1786.85	275.36	4.21	6.31
2001-09	29.51	34.92	40.76	26.48	40.72	1.5	7.2	0.204	8.217	2475	2073.7	4.03	2.7500			3	2	26	8.08	9.72	367.12	365.98	1785.16	278.82	4.25	6.38
2001-10	29.51	34.92	40.88	25.38	40.84	1.6	7.0	0.200	8.212	2477	2087.7	3.98	2.7083			5	2	26	8.08	10.08	370.86	369.70	1806.95	270.66	4.10	6.18
2001-12	29.51	34.92	40.74	22.26	40.70	1.7	8.0	0.229	8.180	2476	2136.2	3.68	1.6667			2	2	26	8.06	11.83	401.43	400.12	1886.42	237.95	3.57	5.43
2002-01	29.51	34.92											-0.1667	18	3	9	2
2002-03	29.51	34.92	40.60	21.27	40.58	1.8	6.0	0.150	8.204	2478	2131.4	3.79	2.0417	16	5	29	5	26	8.08	11.31	373.71	372.48	1878.03	242.05	3.62	5.53