Citation:

j.marpolbul.2010.08.018

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of zooplankton Amphiascoides atopus and Schizopera knabeni during experiments, 2010
Published: 2010
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Amphiascoides atopus; Animalia; Arthropoda; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Schizopera knabeni; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing greater dissolution of CO2 into seawater, and are ultimately responsible for today's ongoing ocean acidification. We manipulated seawater acidity by addition of HCl and by increasing CO2 concentration and observed that two coastal harpacticoid copepods, Amphiascoides atopus and Schizopera knabeni were both more sensitive to increased acidity when generated by CO2. The present study indicates that copepods living in environments more prone to hypercapnia, such as mudflats where S. knabeni lives, may be less sensitive to future acidification. Ocean acidification is also expected to alter the toxicity of waterborne metals by influencing their speciation in seawater. CO2 enrichment did not affect the free-ion concentration of Cd but did increase the free-ion concentration of Cu. Antagonistic toxicities were observed between CO2 with Cd, Cu and Cu free-ion in A. atopus. This interaction could be due to a competition for H+ and metals for binding sites.

Keyword(s):

Amphiascoides atopus; Animalia; Arthropoda; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Schizopera knabeni; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Pascal, Pierre-Yves
2	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Pascal, Pierre-Yves
3	Salinity	Sal		Pascal, Pierre-Yves
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Pascal, Pierre-Yves
5	pH	pH		Pascal, Pierre-Yves	pH meter (Oakton)	NBS scale
6	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Pascal, Pierre-Yves	Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950)
7	Copper	Cu	µg/l	Pascal, Pierre-Yves	ICP-OES, Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry
8	Cadmium	Cd	µg/l	Pascal, Pierre-Yves	Flame r atomic absorption spectroscopy (Varian AA240FS)
9	Toxic unit	toxic unit		Pascal, Pierre-Yves		CO2
10	Toxic unit	toxic unit		Pascal, Pierre-Yves		Cd
11	Toxic unit	toxic unit		Pascal, Pierre-Yves		Cu
12	Toxic unit	toxic unit		Pascal, Pierre-Yves		Total
13	Mortality	Mortality	%	Pascal, Pierre-Yves		1
14	Mortality	Mortality	%	Pascal, Pierre-Yves		2
15	Mortality	Mortality	%	Pascal, Pierre-Yves		3
16	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Pascal, Pierre-Yves	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1680 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Exp treat	3 Sal	4 Temp [°C]	5 pH (NBS scale, pH meter (Oakton))	6 AT [µmol/kg] (Alkalinity, Gran titration (G...)	7 Cu [µg/l] (ICP-OES, Inductively coupled ...)	8 Cd [µg/l] (Flame r atomic absorption spe...)	9 toxic unit (CO2)	10 toxic unit (Cd)	11 toxic unit (Cu)	12 toxic unit (Total)	13 Mortality [%] (1)	14 Mortality [%] (2)	15 Mortality [%] (3)	16 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 pH (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	24 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	5.47	2400							100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.33	8252.25	284087.79	283193.46	2403.56	0.49	10656.3	0.01	0.01
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	5.67	2400							100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.53	5202.60	179102.00	178538.17	2401.12	0.78	7604.5	0.01	0.02
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	5.88	2400							93.3	100.0	100.0	15	5.74	3229.99	111194.00	110843.95	2398.85	1.26	5630.1	0.02	0.03
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.00	2400							86.7	93.3	86.7	15	5.86	2448.89	84304.35	84038.96	2397.45	1.66	4848.0	0.03	0.04
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400							53.3	46.7	33.3	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.17	2400							33.3	40.0	40.0	15	6.03	1660.43	57161.21	56981.27	2395.13	2.44	4058.0	0.04	0.06
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.29	2400							33.3	6.7	0.0	15	6.15	1253.66	43157.80	43021.94	2393.02	3.23	3649.9	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.32	2400							13.3	20.0	0.0	15	6.18	1160.77	39959.99	39834.20	2392.35	3.48	3556.6	0.06	0.09
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.48	2400							20.0	0.0	0.0	15	6.34	801.72	27599.52	27512.63	2388.46	5.03	3195.2	0.08	0.13
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.67	2400							20.0	13.3	0.0	15	6.52	524.22	18046.37	17989.56	2382.04	7.64	2913.9	0.12	0.19
Amphiascoides atopus	HCl	30	25	5.62	2400							86.7	86.7	66.7	15	5.48	5883.58	202545.22	201907.59	2401.73	0.69	8286.0	0.01	0.02
Amphiascoides atopus	HCl	30	25	5.77	2400							46.7	80.0	53.3	15	5.63	4162.86	143308.66	142857.51	2400.06	0.98	6563.9	0.02	0.02
Amphiascoides atopus	HCl	30	25	5.87	2400							20.0	20.0	13.3	15	5.72	3330.88	114667.17	114306.18	2399.00	1.22	5731.1	0.02	0.03
Amphiascoides atopus	HCl	30	25	6.05	2400							0.0	6.7	0.0	15	5.91	2182.03	75117.34	74880.87	2396.82	1.86	4580.7	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	HCl	30	25	6.22	2400							6.7	0.0	6.7	15	6.07	1485.13	51126.37	50965.42	2394.34	2.73	3882.2	0.04	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400							6.7	0.0	0.0	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		491.00					26.7	20.0	6.7	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		786.00					40.0	0.0	23.3	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		1086.67					33.3	26.7	53.3	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		1263.33					26.7	60.0	60.0	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		1783.33					73.3	60.0	80.0	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		2263.33					80.0	93.3	66.7	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		2783.33					100.0	93.3	93.3	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400		3196.67					93.3	100.0	100.0	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.30	2400							20.0	0.0	11.1	15	6.16	1225.08	42173.93	42041.16	2392.82	3.30	3621.2	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.30	2400		471.67	0.64	0.34		0.98	13.3	13.3	15.6	15	6.16	1225.08	42173.93	42041.16	2392.82	3.30	3621.2	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.30	2400		910.33	0.64	0.66		1.30	40.0	20.0	28.9	15	6.16	1225.08	42173.93	42041.16	2392.82	3.30	3621.2	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.30	2400		1530.00	0.64	1.10		1.75	60.0	40.0	55.6	15	6.16	1225.08	42173.93	42041.16	2392.82	3.30	3621.2	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.30	2400		1896.67	0.64	1.37		2.01	86.7	73.3	77.8	15	6.16	1225.08	42173.93	42041.16	2392.82	3.30	3621.2	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.30	2400		2873.33	0.64	2.07		2.72	86.7	86.7	86.7	15	6.16	1225.08	42173.93	42041.16	2392.82	3.30	3621.2	0.05	0.08
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400		508.00	0.76	0.37		1.12	40.0	26.7	33.3	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400		1143.33	0.76	0.83		1.58	73.3	40.0	40.0	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400		1743.33	0.76	1.26		2.02	86.7	80.0	80.0	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400		2310.00	0.76	1.67		2.42	93.3	86.7	93.3	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400		2933.33	0.76	2.12		2.87	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400		0.00	1.09	0.00		1.09	53.3	46.7	33.3	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400		515.00	1.09	0.37		1.47	86.7	60.0	66.7	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400		989.67	1.09	0.71		1.81	73.3	73.3	100.0	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400		1650.00	1.09	1.19		2.29	86.7	93.3	93.3	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400		2310.00	1.09	1.67		2.76	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.07	2400		2933.33	1.09	2.12		3.21	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.93	2083.60	71729.11	71503.30	2396.55	1.95	4482.1	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400	640.45						40.0	46.7	40.0	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400	286.29						26.7	13.3	20.0	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400	511.70						20.0	40.0	26.7	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400	765.49						53.3	46.7	66.7	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400	961.29						66.7	73.3	66.7	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	None	30	25	8.20	2400	982.26						93.3	93.3	93.3	15	8.06	12.25	421.73	420.40	1901.26	208.39	2121.9	3.40	5.22
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.08	2400	304.11		1.07		0.62	1.68	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.94	2036.09	70093.56	69872.90	2396.41	1.99	4434.5	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.08	2400	640.45		1.07		1.54	2.61	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.94	2036.09	70093.56	69872.90	2396.41	1.99	4434.5	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.08	2400	961.29		1.07		2.46	3.53	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.94	2036.09	70093.56	69872.90	2396.41	1.99	4434.5	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.08	2400	982.26		1.07		3.08	4.15	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.94	2036.09	70093.56	69872.90	2396.41	1.99	4434.5	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.08	2400	765.49		1.07		2.15	3.22	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.94	2036.09	70093.56	69872.90	2396.41	1.99	4434.5	0.03	0.05
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.15	2400	982.26		0.92		2.77	3.69	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	6.01	1732.25	59633.62	59445.89	2395.41	2.34	4130.0	0.04	0.06
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.15	2400	770.84		0.92		1.54	2.46	93.3	100.0	100.0	15	6.01	1732.25	59633.62	59445.89	2395.41	2.34	4130.0	0.04	0.06
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.15	2400	961.29		0.92		2.46	3.39	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	6.01	1732.25	59633.62	59445.89	2395.41	2.34	4130.0	0.04	0.06
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.15	2400	982.26		0.92		3.08	4.00	100.0	100.0	100.0	15	6.01	1732.25	59633.62	59445.89	2395.41	2.34	4130.0	0.04	0.06
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.15	2400	296.16		0.92		0.62	1.54	93.3	66.7	86.7	15	6.01	1732.25	59633.62	59445.89	2395.41	2.34	4130.0	0.04	0.06
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400	60.05		0.76		0.15	0.92	13.3	20.0	33.3	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400	140.68		0.76		0.31	1.07	46.7	40.0	40.0	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.23	2400	304.80		0.76		0.62	1.38	40.0	53.3	66.7	15	6.09	1440.07	49575.28	49419.21	2394.12	2.81	3837.0	0.05	0.07
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.36	2400	79.39		0.55		0.15	0.70	20.0	6.7	20.0	15	6.22	1066.45	36712.93	36597.36	2391.57	3.79	3461.8	0.06	0.10
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.36	2400	149.73		0.55		0.31	0.86	13.3	40.0	33.3	15	6.22	1066.45	36712.93	36597.36	2391.57	3.79	3461.8	0.06	0.10
Amphiascoides atopus	CO2	30	25	6.36	2400	302.74		0.55		0.62	1.17	53.3	40.0	46.7	15	6.22	1066.45	36712.93	36597.36	2391.57	3.79	3461.8	0.06	0.10
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	5.46	2400							73.3	66.7	66.7	15	5.32	8575.74	295224.06	294294.67	2403.79	0.48	10980.0	0.01	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	5.67	2400							33.3	13.3	26.7	15	5.53	5242.66	180481.39	179913.21	2401.16	0.78	7644.6	0.01	0.02
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	5.88	2400							13.3	20.0	13.3	15	5.73	3254.86	112050.25	111697.50	2398.89	1.25	5655.0	0.02	0.03
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	6.05	2400							0.0	13.3		15	5.91	2165.26	74540.01	74305.35	2396.77	1.87	4563.9	0.03	0.05
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	6.28	2400							13.3	0.0	26.7	15	6.14	1273.18	43829.81	43691.83	2393.14	3.18	3669.5	0.05	0.08
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	6.44	2400							0.0	6.7	6.7	15	6.29	893.16	30747.37	30650.57	2389.73	4.52	3287.4	0.07	0.11
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	5.29	2400							100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.15	12695.36	437044.38	435668.53	2406.51	0.32	15102.2	0.00	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	5.34	2400							100.0	100.0	100.0	15	5.20	11138.92	383462.88	382255.70	2405.52	0.37	13544.8	0.01	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	CO2	30	25	5.54	2400							40.0	60.0	53.3	15	5.40	7021.67	241724.62	240963.65	2402.65	0.58	9424.9	0.01	0.02
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.38	2400							13.3	20.0	13.3	15	5.24	10156.73	349650.53	348549.79	2404.87	0.40	12562.0	0.01	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.47	2400							46.7	6.7	6.7	15	5.33	8380.16	288491.37	287583.18	2403.65	0.49	10784.3	0.01	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.67	2400							6.7	13.3	6.7	15	5.53	5283.13	181874.54	181301.98	2401.20	0.77	7685.1	0.01	0.02
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.15	2400							33.3	6.7	26.7	15	5.01	17540.68	603846.66	601945.69	2409.49	0.23	19950.4	0.00	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.25	2400							13.3	26.7	20.0	15	5.11	13816.79	475649.94	474152.55	2407.22	0.30	16224.3	0.00	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.35	2400							13.3	6.7	40.0	15	5.21	10884.77	374713.89	373534.25	2405.35	0.38	13290.5	0.01	0.01
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	4.48	2400							100.0	100.0	100.0	15	4.34	81691.08	2812256.92	2803403.68	2445.97	0.05	84137.1	0.00	0.00
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	4.75	2400							100.0	100.0	100.0	15	4.61	44268.13	1523952.98	1519155.43	2424.97	0.09	46693.2	0.00	0.00
Schizopera knabeni	HCl	30	25	5.00	2400							26.7	93.3	40.0	15	4.86	24429.86	841010.40	838362.82	2413.57	0.17	26843.6	0.00	0.00