Citation:

0016-7037(93)90312-K

Name: Biogenic components, major, trace and rare earth elements of equatorial Pacific Ocean surface sediments (Table 1)
Published: 1993
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

We have analyzed the major, trace, and rare earth element composition of surface sediments collected from a transect across the Equator at 135°W longitude in the Pacific Ocean. Comparing the behavior of this suite of elements to the CaCO3, opal, and Corg fluxes (which record sharp maxima at the Equator, previously documented at the same sampling stations) enables us to assess the relative significance of the various pathways by which trace elements are transported to the equatorial Pacific seafloor.

The 1. (1) high biogenic source at the Equator, associated with equatorial divergence of surface water and upwelling of nutrient-rich water, and

2. (2) high aluminosilicate flux at 4°N, associated with increased terrigenous input from elevated rainfall at the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) of the tradewinds, are the two most important fluxes with which elemental transport is affiliated.

The biogenic flux at the Equator transports Ca and Sr structurally bound to carbonate tests and Mn primarily as an adsorbed component. Trace elements such as Cr, As, Pb, and the REEs are also influenced by the biogenic flux at the Equator, although this affiliation is not regionally dominant. Normative calculations suggest that extremely large fluxes of Ba and P at the Equator are carried by only small proportions of barite and apatite phases.

The high terrigenous flux at the ITCZ has a profound effect on chemical transport to the seafloor, with elemental fluxes increasing tremendously and in parallel with Ti. Normative calculations, however, indicate that these fluxes are far in excess of what can be supplied by lattice-bound terrigenous phases. The accumulation of Ba is greater than is affiliated with biogenic transport at the Equator, while the P flux at the ITCZ is only 10% less than at the Equator. This challenges the common view that Ba and P are essentially exclusively associated with biogenic fluxes. Many other elements (including Mn, Pb, As, and REEs) also record greater accumulation beneath the ITCZ than at the Equator. Thus, adsorptive scavenging by terrigenous paniculate matter, or phases intimately associated with them, appears to be an extremely important process regulating elemental transport to the equatorial Pacific seafloor. These findings emphasize the role of vertical transport to the sediment, and provide additional constraints on the paleochemical use of trace elements to track biogenic and terrigenous fluxes.

Related to:

Isern, Alexandra R (1991): Calcium carbonate and organic carbon accumulation in the Central Equatorial Pacific. MS Thesis, University Thode Island

Martin, William R; Bender, Michael L; Leinen, Margaret W; Orchardo, J (1991): Benthic organic carbon degradation and biogenic silica dissolution in the central equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 38(12), 1481-1516, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90086-U

Project(s):

Department of Geology, Oregon State University (OSU)

Silicon Cycling in the World Ocean (SINOPS)

Funding:

Fourth Framework Programme (FP4), grant/award no. MAS3970141 : Silicon Cycling in the World Ocean

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 1.180769 * Median Longitude: -134.596923 * South-bound Latitude: -14.900000 * West-bound Longitude: -137.520000 * North-bound Latitude: 11.080000 * East-bound Longitude: -132.900000

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m

Event(s):

W8803B-T-9 * Latitude: -14.900000 * Longitude: -133.900000 * Elevation: -4312.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: Wecoma * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC) * Comment: Tetrahedron cores

W8803B-T-23 * Latitude: -5.980000 * Longitude: -135.000000 * Elevation: -4590.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: Wecoma * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC) * Comment: Tetrahedron cores

W8803B-T-31 * Latitude: -2.970000 * Longitude: -135.000000 * Elevation: -4570.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: Wecoma * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC) * Comment: Tetrahedron cores

Comment:

CaCO3 and Corg from Isern (1991), Opal 1 from Martin et al. (1991)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Latitude of event	Latitude
3	Longitude of event	Longitude
4	Elevation of event	Elevation	m
5	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
6	Accumulation rate, mass	MAR	g/cm²/ka	Murray, Richard W
7	Calcium carbonate	CaCO3	%	Isern, Alexandra R
8	Opal, biogenic silica	bSiO2	%	Martin, William R
9	Opal, biogenic silica	bSiO2	%	Murray, Richard W	Opal, normative calculation; Leinen, 1977
10	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Isern, Alexandra R
11	Silicon dioxide	SiO2	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
12	Aluminium oxide	Al2O3	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
13	Titanium dioxide	TiO2	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
14	Iron oxide, Fe2O3	Fe2O3	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
15	Manganese oxide	MnO	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
16	Calcium oxide	CaO	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
17	Magnesium oxide	MgO	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
18	Potassium oxide	K2O	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
19	Sodium oxide	Na2O	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
20	Phosphorus pentoxide	P2O5	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
21	Loss on ignition	LOI	%	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
22	Chromium	Cr	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
23	Arsenic	As	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
24	Rubidium	Rb	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
25	Strontium	Sr	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
26	Zirconium	Zr	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
27	Niobium	Nb	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
28	Barium	Ba	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
29	Lead	Pb	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
30	Lanthanum	La	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
31	Cerium	Ce	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
32	Praseodymium	Pr	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
33	Neodymium	Nd	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
34	Samarium	Sm	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
35	Europium	Eu	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
36	Gadolinium	Gd	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
37	Terbium	Tb	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
38	Dysprosium	Dy	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
39	Holmium	Ho	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
40	Erbium	Er	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
41	Thulium	Tm	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
42	Ytterbium	Yb	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
43	Lutetium	Lu	mg/kg	Murray, Richard W	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
44	Cerium/Cerium ratio	Ce/Ce		Murray, Richard W	Calculated	Ce/Ce*
45	Praseodymium/Ytterbium ratio	Pr/Yb		Murray, Richard W	Calculated	Pr(n)/Yb(n)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

501 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Elevation [m]	6 MAR [g/cm²/ka]	7 CaCO3 [%]	8 bSiO2 [%]	9 bSiO2 [%] (Opal, normative calculation; ...)	10 TOC [%]	11 SiO2 [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	12 Al2O3 [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	13 TiO2 [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	14 Fe2O3 [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	15 MnO [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	16 CaO [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	17 MgO [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	18 K2O [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	19 Na2O [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	20 P2O5 [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	21 LOI [%] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	22 Cr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	23 As [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	24 Rb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	25 Sr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	26 Zr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	27 Nb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	28 Ba [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	29 Pb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	30 La [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	31 Ce [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	32 Pr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	33 Nd [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	34 Sm [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	35 Eu [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	36 Gd [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	37 Tb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	38 Dy [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	39 Ho [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	40 Er [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	41 Tm [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	42 Yb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	43 Lu [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	44 Ce/Ce (Ce/Ce*, Calculated)	45 Pr/Yb (Pr(n)/Yb(n), Calculated)
W8803B-T-9	-14.9000	-133.9000	-4312	52.7	15.08	3.07	2.08	0.55	27.10	8.53	0.526	10.10	3.04	12.00	1.98	2.36	4.83	2.18	27.4	21.20	77.10	40	568	214	37	2380	63.00	115.00	55.50	37.70	204.00	44.80	11.80	62.00	8.48	64.30	12.00	37.40	5.00	33.10	5.36	0.19	0.36
W8803B-T-23	-5.9800	-135.0000	-4590	399.0	82.38	7.15	6.42	0.17	7.83	1.07	0.042	0.86	0.21	45.00	0.49	0.18	0.22	0.18	42.0	3.25	2.79	14	1190		12	1030	7.51	16.40	10.20	4.28	17.80	3.94	1.08	5.13	0.71	5.17	0.92	2.84	0.38	2.51	0.40	0.28	0.54
W8803B-T-31	-2.9700	-135.0000	-4570	963.0	80.13	9.24	9.91	0.23	9.22	0.70	0.014	0.31	0.07	45.20	0.40	0.17	0.20	0.10	42.0	1.66	1.01		1240			960	2.35	7.98	3.83	1.99	8.24	1.82	0.54	2.34	0.33	2.32	0.43	1.32	0.18	1.20	0.18	0.22	0.52
W8803B-T-36	-1.9700	-132.9000	-4440	1117.0	78.80	12.30	13.10	0.23	11.20	0.59	0.011	0.22	0.07	44.50	0.38	0.18	0.24	0.10	41.3	1.17	0.96		1360		18	1130	1.87	7.69	2.94	1.81	7.45	1.62	0.52	2.19	0.30	2.15	0.40	1.27	0.17	1.15	0.19	0.18	0.50
W8803B-T-42	-0.9800	-133.5000	-4230	1824.0	76.89	9.88	12.60	0.31	10.70	0.55	0.012	0.35	0.08	43.60	0.79	0.44	0.95	0.10	40.4	1.48	1.16	11	1360			1040	1.64	6.75	2.30	1.52	6.32	1.35	0.43	1.83	0.25	1.84	0.34	1.06	0.15	1.02	0.16	0.11	0.47
W8803B-T-47	0.5000	-133.3000	-4330	1233.0	76.14	15.30	12.20	0.24	9.61	0.30	0.009	0.05	0.14	46.60	0.36	0.23	0.02	0.08	41.9	1.96	1.43	11	1410		13	945	2.90	9.20	3.70	2.18	9.00	1.98	0.63	2.59	0.36	2.54	0.46	1.42	0.20	1.32	0.21	0.19	0.52
W8803B-T-52	1.2600	-133.6000	-4410	802.0	73.39	18.20	18.30	0.29	15.30	0.73	0.024	0.36	0.42	41.20	0.44	0.23		0.10	39.7	5.81	1.75		1340	12		1660	4.44	12.60	6.15	3.22	13.20	2.97	0.91	3.75	0.51	3.61	0.63	1.97	0.25	1.77	0.28	0.22	0.57
W8803B-T-57	2.0500	-133.6000	-4580	705.0	69.91	17.80	17.50	0.36	17.80	1.16	0.048	0.90	0.41	38.50	0.45	0.13	0.15	0.16	39.0	4.58	2.31	16	1160	14		2270	6.43	16.00	10.10	4.36	18.00	4.08	1.20	5.04	0.68	4.14	0.82	2.46	0.34	2.23	0.35	0.28	0.62
W8803B-T-62	4.2300	-133.5000	-4550	962.0	61.41	13.80	12.40	0.33	15.80	2.30	0.074	1.14	0.47	31.10	0.62	0.23	0.41	0.17	40.1	7.98	3.78	17	1110	19	13	2120	8.83	20.30	15.60	5.74	23.40	5.30	1.48	6.21	0.87	5.94	1.03	3.10	0.41	2.76	0.43	0.33	0.65
W8803B-T-68	5.8300	-135.0000	-4535	427.0	61.06	11.40	10.10	0.53	18.90	3.89	0.149	1.74	0.33	34.00	1.03	0.34	0.86	0.19	37.0	17.10	2.90		957	15		2100	9.66	22.00	25.80	6.56	26.20	5.96	1.61	7.00	0.96	6.46	1.10	3.32	0.44	2.95	0.45	0.49	0.70
W8803B-T-69	7.2000	-137.5200	-4785		12.91	20.80	17.10	0.61	43.50	10.40	0.473	4.75	0.41	10.90	2.71	1.54	3.57	0.22	21.2	39.90	5.19	43	503	119	15	4960	18.30	29.50	43.60	9.58	37.80	8.19	2.30	9.53	1.33	8.94	1.46	4.25	0.58	4.00	0.60	0.59	0.75
W8803B-T-89	10.0000	-136.5200	-4850		1.08	17.30	21.20	0.99	53.90	12.90	0.629	5.79	0.32	1.10	3.16	2.87	5.21	0.24	13.5	49.80	6.31	99	291	155		5850	17.70	30.00	46.20	10.30	40.20	9.18	2.43	10.10	1.40	9.62	1.55	4.69	0.63	4.24	0.66	0.59	0.76
W8803B-T-92	11.0800	-136.4200	-5051		0.50	18.20	21.60	0.52	52.10	12.20	0.588	5.48	0.29	1.18	2.98	2.84	5.43	0.20	16.2	52.10	6.65	93	282	163	13	5320	19.70	27.50	45.00	9.34	35.60	8.23	2.17	9.02	1.25	8.30	1.34	4.07	0.55	3.86	0.59	0.64	0.76