Citation:

bg-8-919-2011

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of Limacina helicina during experiments, 2011
Published: 2011-06-21
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Arctic; Calcification/Dissolution; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species; Temperature; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Due to their aragonitic shell, thecosome pteropods may be particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This applies specifically to species inhabiting Arctic surface waters that are projected to become temporarily and locally undersaturated with respect to aragonite as early as 2016. This study investigated the effects of rising partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and elevated temperature on pre-winter juveniles of the polar pteropod Limacina helicina. After a 29 day experiment in September/October 2009 at three different temperatures and under pCO2 scenarios projected for this century, mortality, shell degradation, shell diameter and shell increment were investigated. Temperature and pCO2 had a significant effect on mortality, but temperature was the overriding factor. Shell diameter, shell increment and shell degradation were significantly impacted by pCO2 but not by temperature. Mortality was 46% higher at 8 °C than at in situ temperature (3 °C), and 14% higher at 1100 ?atm than at 230 ?atm. Shell diameter and increment were reduced by 10 and 12% at 1100 ?atm and 230 ?atm, respectively, and shell degradation was 41% higher at elevated compared to ambient pCO2. We conclude that pre-winter juveniles will be negatively affected by both rising temperature and pCO2 which may result in a possible decline in abundance of the overwintering population, the basis for next year's reproduction.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Arctic; Calcification/Dissolution; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species; Temperature; Zooplankton

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Lischka, Silke
2	Salinity	Sal		Lischka, Silke
3	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Lischka, Silke		Start
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Lischka, Silke		End
5	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lischka, Silke	Metrohm Titrando titrator	Start
6	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lischka, Silke	Metrohm Titrando titrator	End
7	pH	pH		Lischka, Silke	pH meter (Metrohm, 826 pH mobile)	Total scale; Start
8	pH	pH		Lischka, Silke	pH meter (Metrohm, 826 pH mobile)	Total scale; End
9	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lischka, Silke	Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA)	Start
10	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lischka, Silke	Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA)	End
11	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lischka, Silke	Calculated using CO2SYS	Start
12	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lischka, Silke	Calculated using CO2SYS	End
13	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Lischka, Silke	Calculated using CO2SYS	Start
14	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Lischka, Silke	Calculated using CO2SYS	End
15	Silicon	Si	mmol/kg	Lischka, Silke		Start
16	Silicon	Si	mmol/kg	Lischka, Silke
17	Sample ID	Sample ID		Lischka, Silke
18	Mortality	Mortality	%	Lischka, Silke
19	Limacina helicina, shell increment versus diameter	L. helicina shell incr/diam	µm	Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)
20	Limacina helicina, length	L. helicina l	mm	Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)
21	Limacina helicina, shell degradation	L. helicina shell degr		Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)	Milky
22	Limacina helicina, shell degradation	L. helicina shell degr		Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)	Brownish
23	Limacina helicina, shell degradation	L. helicina shell degr		Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)	Scars
24	Limacina helicina, shell degradation	L. helicina shell degr		Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)	Corrosion
25	Limacina helicina, shell degradation	L. helicina shell degr		Lischka, Silke	Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F)	Perforations
26	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2461 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 Sal	3 Temp [°C] (Start)	4 Temp [°C] (End)	5 AT [µmol/kg] (Start, Metrohm Titrando titrator)	6 AT [µmol/kg] (End, Metrohm Titrando titrator)	7 pH (Total scale; Start, pH meter ...)	8 pH (Total scale; End, pH meter (M...)	9 DIC [µmol/kg] (Start, Continuous Flow Analysis)	10 DIC [µmol/kg] (End, Continuous Flow Analysis)	11 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Start, Calculated using CO2SYS)	12 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (End, Calculated using CO2SYS)	13 Omega Arg (Start, Calculated using CO2SYS)	14 Omega Arg (End, Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 Si [mmol/kg] (Start)	16 Si [mmol/kg]	17 Sample ID	18 Mortality [%]	19 L. helicina shell incr/diam [µm] (Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F))	20 L. helicina l [mm] (Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F))	21 L. helicina shell degr (Milky, Stereomicroscopy (Leic...)	22 L. helicina shell degr (Brownish, Stereomicroscopy (L...)	23 L. helicina shell degr (Scars, Stereomicroscopy (Leic...)	24 L. helicina shell degr (Corrosion, Stereomicroscopy (...)	25 L. helicina shell degr (Perforations, Stereomicroscop...)	26 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Fjord (200m)	35.0	3.9	4.3	2296	2287	7.98	8.03	2174	2145	448	398	1.45	1.61	3.27	3.13										15	22.75	424.15	422.41	2035.09	101.66		1.53	2.43
T=3; pCO2=230	34.7	3.5	3.6	2280	2288	8.27	8.28	2045	2047	216	211	2.45	2.51	2.63	6.49	Replicate_1	9.1	0.67	0.7710	1.33	0.44	1.44	0.44	0.00	8	11.51	209.87	209.00	1864.00	166.79	2042.3	2.51	3.99
T=3; pCO2=230	34.7	3.5	3.6	2280	2288	8.27	8.28	2045	2047	216	211	2.45	2.51	2.63	6.49	Replicate_2	18.2	0.54	0.6457	1.00	0.33	1.63	1.00	0.00	8	11.51	209.87	209.00	1864.00	166.79	2042.3	2.51	3.99
T=3; pCO2=230	34.7	3.5	3.6	2280	2288	8.27	8.28	2045	2047	216	211	2.45	2.51	2.63	6.49	Replicate_3	10.0	0.69	0.8201	0.50	0.03	0.88	0.00	0.00	8	11.51	209.87	209.00	1864.00	166.79	2042.3	2.51	3.99
T=3; pCO2=230	34.7	3.5	3.6	2280	2288	8.27	8.28	2045	2047	216	211	2.45	2.51	2.63	6.49	Replicate_4	20.0	0.59	0.8123	1.00	0.10	0.60	0.00	0.00	8	11.51	209.87	209.00	1864.00	166.79	2042.3	2.51	3.99
T=3; pCO2=230	34.7	3.5	3.6	2280	2288	8.27	8.28	2045	2047	216	211	2.45	2.51	2.63	6.49	Replicate_5	9.1	0.77	0.6310	0.56	0.00	1.56	0.67	0.00	8	11.51	209.87	209.00	1864.00	166.79	2042.3	2.51	3.99
T=3; pCO2=230	34.7	3.5	3.6	2280	2288	8.27	8.28	2045	2047	216	211	2.45	2.51	2.63	6.49	Replicate_6	9.1	0.84	0.7524	0.91	0.00	1.27	0.00	0.00	8	11.51	209.87	209.00	1864.00	166.79	2042.3	2.51	3.99
T=3; pCO2=350	34.7	3.3	3.5	2280	2287	8.12	8.00	2115	2164	323	435	1.81	1.45	2.63	7.27	Replicate_1	41.7	0.71	0.6761	0.88	0.38	1.75	1.00	0.00	8	20.70	375.40	373.85	2011.51	107.80	2140.0	1.62	2.58
T=3; pCO2=350	34.7	3.3	3.5	2280	2287	8.12	8.00	2115	2164	323	435	1.81	1.45	2.63	7.27	Replicate_2	25.0	0.71	0.7320	1.00	0.33	1.33	1.00	0.00	8	20.70	375.40	373.85	2011.51	107.80	2140.0	1.62	2.58
T=3; pCO2=350	34.7	3.3	3.5	2280	2287	8.12	8.00	2115	2164	323	435	1.81	1.45	2.63	7.27	Replicate_3	40.0	0.53	0.7228	0.56	0.00	1.22	0.89	0.00	8	20.70	375.40	373.85	2011.51	107.80	2140.0	1.62	2.58
T=3; pCO2=350	34.7	3.3	3.5	2280	2287	8.12	8.00	2115	2164	323	435	1.81	1.45	2.63	7.27	Replicate_4	27.3	0.73	0.6447	0.86	0.00	1.14	0.86	0.00	8	20.70	375.40	373.85	2011.51	107.80	2140.0	1.62	2.58
T=3; pCO2=350	34.7	3.3	3.5	2280	2287	8.12	8.00	2115	2164	323	435	1.81	1.45	2.63	7.27	Replicate_5	28.6	0.75	0.7284	0.89	0.00	1.56	1.00	0.00	8	20.70	375.40	373.85	2011.51	107.80	2140.0	1.62	2.58
T=3; pCO2=350	34.7	3.3	3.5	2280	2287	8.12	8.00	2115	2164	323	435	1.81	1.45	2.63	7.27	Replicate_6	27.3	0.70	0.7924	0.83	0.17	1.67	1.00	0.00	8	20.70	375.40	373.85	2011.51	107.80	2140.0	1.62	2.58
T=3; pCO2=750	34.7	3.1	3.6	2280	2291	7.81	7.78	2223	2241	703	764	0.95	0.91	2.63	11.82	Replicate_1	15.4	0.62	0.7686	1.00	1.00	2.00	0.25	0.00	8	39.89	722.24	719.24	2127.53	62.53	2230.0	0.94	1.50
T=3; pCO2=750	34.7	3.1	3.6	2280	2291	7.81	7.78	2223	2241	703	764	0.95	0.91	2.63	11.82	Replicate_2	5.9	0.54	0.7898	1.92	1.33	2.00	1.75	0.33	8	39.89	722.24	719.24	2127.53	62.53	2230.0	0.94	1.50
T=3; pCO2=750	34.7	3.1	3.6	2280	2291	7.81	7.78	2223	2241	703	764	0.95	0.91	2.63	11.82	Replicate_3	36.4	0.63	0.6457	2.00	1.60	1.60	1.60	0.00	8	39.89	722.24	719.24	2127.53	62.53	2230.0	0.94	1.50
T=3; pCO2=750	34.7	3.1	3.6	2280	2291	7.81	7.78	2223	2241	703	764	0.95	0.91	2.63	11.82	Replicate_4	10.0	0.80	0.6872	2.00	1.33	1.67	1.83	0.17	8	39.89	722.24	719.24	2127.53	62.53	2230.0	0.94	1.50
T=3; pCO2=750	34.7	3.1	3.6	2280	2291	7.81	7.78	2223	2241	703	764	0.95	0.91	2.63	11.82	Replicate_5	13.6	0.68	0.7340	1.88	1.75	1.88	1.63	0.00	8	39.89	722.24	719.24	2127.53	62.53	2230.0	0.94	1.50
T=3; pCO2=750	34.7	3.1	3.6	2280	2291	7.81	7.78	2223	2241	703	764	0.95	0.91	2.63	11.82	Replicate_6	10.0	0.75	0.7776	1.70	0.70	1.90	1.80	0.00	8	39.89	722.24	719.24	2127.53	62.53	2230.0	0.94	1.50
T=3; pCO2=1100	34.7	3.0	3.5	2280	2296	7.69	7.62	2260	2291	948	1110	0.72	0.65	2.63	11.25	Replicate_1	27.8	0.80	0.7396	2.25	2.13	2.25	2.38	1.13	8	56.37	1016.81	1012.59	2171.62	46.05	2274.0	0.69	1.10
T=3; pCO2=1100	34.7	3.0	3.5	2280	2296	7.69	7.62	2260	2291	948	1110	0.72	0.65	2.63	11.25	Replicate_2	41.7	0.50	0.7999	2.00	1.40	2.00	2.60	1.40	8	56.37	1016.81	1012.59	2171.62	46.05	2274.0	0.69	1.10
T=3; pCO2=1100	34.7	3.0	3.5	2280	2296	7.69	7.62	2260	2291	948	1110	0.72	0.65	2.63	11.25	Replicate_3	30.8	0.50	0.5792	2.50	2.25	2.00	2.75	1.00	8	56.37	1016.81	1012.59	2171.62	46.05	2274.0	0.69	1.10
T=3; pCO2=1100	34.7	3.0	3.5	2280	2296	7.69	7.62	2260	2291	948	1110	0.72	0.65	2.63	11.25	Replicate_4	45.5	0.72	0.5292	2.25	2.75	2.50	2.75	0.75	8	56.37	1016.81	1012.59	2171.62	46.05	2274.0	0.69	1.10
T=3; pCO2=1100	34.7	3.0	3.5	2280	2296	7.69	7.62	2260	2291	948	1110	0.72	0.65	2.63	11.25	Replicate_5	43.8	0.73	0.6147	2.50	2.50	2.00	2.50	0.50	8	56.37	1016.81	1012.59	2171.62	46.05	2274.0	0.69	1.10
T=3; pCO2=1100	34.7	3.0	3.5	2280	2296	7.69	7.62	2260	2291	948	1110	0.72	0.65	2.63	11.25	Replicate_6	21.4			2.13	2.13	2.13	2.25	0.75	8	56.37	1016.81	1012.59	2171.62	46.05	2274.0	0.69	1.10
T=5.5; pCO2=230	34.7	5.4	5.4	2280	2288	8.24	8.09	2041	2118	231	347	2.50	1.87	2.63	3.47	Replicate_1	22.2	0.81	0.7859	1.00	0.50	1.33	0.50	0.00	8	14.51	282.94	281.79	1922.36	143.88	2080.8	2.17	3.44
T=5.5; pCO2=230	34.7	5.4	5.4	2280	2288	8.24	8.09	2041	2118	231	347	2.50	1.87	2.63	3.47	Replicate_2	80.0	0.86	0.7891	1.00	0.00	0.67	0.00	0.00	8	14.51	282.94	281.79	1922.36	143.88	2080.8	2.17	3.44
T=5.5; pCO2=230	34.7	5.4	5.4	2280	2288	8.24	8.09	2041	2118	231	347	2.50	1.87	2.63	3.47	Replicate_3	45.0	0.65	0.7732	1.00	0.00	1.25	0.50	0.00	8	14.51	282.94	281.79	1922.36	143.88	2080.8	2.17	3.44
T=5.5; pCO2=230	34.7	5.4	5.4	2280	2288	8.24	8.09	2041	2118	231	347	2.50	1.87	2.63	3.47	Replicate_4	53.8	0.79	0.7808	1.00	1.00	0.40	0.00	0.00	8	14.51	282.94	281.79	1922.36	143.88	2080.8	2.17	3.44
T=5.5; pCO2=230	34.7	5.4	5.4	2280	2288	8.24	8.09	2041	2118	231	347	2.50	1.87	2.63	3.47	Replicate_5	66.7	0.72	0.7535	1.00	0.00	1.25	0.00	0.00	8	14.51	282.94	281.79	1922.36	143.88	2080.8	2.17	3.44
T=5.5; pCO2=230	34.7	5.4	5.4	2280	2288	8.24	8.09	2041	2118	231	347	2.50	1.87	2.63	3.47	Replicate_6	41.7	0.74	0.7641	1.00	0.40	0.60	0.00	0.00	8	14.51	282.94	281.79	1922.36	143.88	2080.8	2.17	3.44
T=5.5; pCO2=350	34.7	5.5	5.4	2280	2295	8.09	8.03	2111	2150	348	411	1.86	1.65	2.63	8.91	Replicate_1	52.9	0.78	0.6492	1.00	0.25	2.00	1.00	0.00	8	19.37	378.50	376.97	1995.44	116.17	2131.0	1.75	2.78
T=5.5; pCO2=350	34.7	5.5	5.4	2280	2295	8.09	8.03	2111	2150	348	411	1.86	1.65	2.63	8.91	Replicate_2	76.9	0.84	0.6815	1.00	0.00	1.50	1.00	0.00	8	19.37	378.50	376.97	1995.44	116.17	2131.0	1.75	2.78
T=5.5; pCO2=350	34.7	5.5	5.4	2280	2295	8.09	8.03	2111	2150	348	411	1.86	1.65	2.63	8.91	Replicate_3	38.5	0.83	0.6225	1.00	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	8	19.37	378.50	376.97	1995.44	116.17	2131.0	1.75	2.78
T=5.5; pCO2=350	34.7	5.5	5.4	2280	2295	8.09	8.03	2111	2150	348	411	1.86	1.65	2.63	8.91	Replicate_4	36.4	0.84	0.7464	1.00	0.00	1.00	0.22	0.00	8	19.37	378.50	376.97	1995.44	116.17	2131.0	1.75	2.78
T=5.5; pCO2=350	34.7	5.5	5.4	2280	2295	8.09	8.03	2111	2150	348	411	1.86	1.65	2.63	8.91	Replicate_5	73.3	0.73	0.7121	1.00	0.00	1.29	0.71	0.00	8	19.37	378.50	376.97	1995.44	116.17	2131.0	1.75	2.78
T=5.5; pCO2=350	34.7	5.5	5.4	2280	2295	8.09	8.03	2111	2150	348	411	1.86	1.65	2.63	8.91	Replicate_6	47.4	0.63	0.7408	1.00	0.14	1.86	0.86	0.00	8	19.37	378.50	376.97	1995.44	116.17	2131.0	1.75	2.78
T=5.5; pCO2=750	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2293	7.80	7.74	2215	2246	732	851	1.02	0.90	2.63	4.38	Replicate_1	72.7	0.69	0.8396	1.80	1.20	2.20	2.00	0.00	8	40.19	786.74	783.57	2126.36	63.61	2230.2	0.96	1.52
T=5.5; pCO2=750	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2293	7.80	7.74	2215	2246	732	851	1.02	0.90	2.63	4.38	Replicate_2	15.6	0.72	0.7643	1.20	0.60	1.60	1.40	0.00	8	40.19	786.74	783.57	2126.36	63.61	2230.2	0.96	1.52
T=5.5; pCO2=750	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2293	7.80	7.74	2215	2246	732	851	1.02	0.90	2.63	4.38	Replicate_3	53.3	0.75	0.6479	1.00	0.00	2.00	2.00	0.00	8	40.19	786.74	783.57	2126.36	63.61	2230.2	0.96	1.52
T=5.5; pCO2=750	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2293	7.80	7.74	2215	2246	732	851	1.02	0.90	2.63	4.38	Replicate_4	75.0	0.73	0.7034	1.00	0.00	2.00	1.50	0.50	8	40.19	786.74	783.57	2126.36	63.61	2230.2	0.96	1.52
T=5.5; pCO2=750	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2293	7.80	7.74	2215	2246	732	851	1.02	0.90	2.63	4.38	Replicate_5	85.7	0.60	0.7302	2.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	0.00	8	40.19	786.74	783.57	2126.36	63.61	2230.2	0.96	1.52
T=5.5; pCO2=750	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2293	7.80	7.74	2215	2246	732	851	1.02	0.90	2.63	4.38	Replicate_6	55.0	0.62	0.7812	2.25	1.75	2.00	2.00	0.00	8	40.19	786.74	783.57	2126.36	63.61	2230.2	0.96	1.52
T=5.5; pCO2=1100	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2299	7.66	7.63	2256	2283	1026	1104	0.76	0.71	2.63	12.28	Replicate_1	100.0	0.69	0.6884	2.67	2.67	2.33	3.00	0.67	8	53.97	1056.34	1052.08	2165.77	49.15	2268.9	0.74	1.17
T=5.5; pCO2=1100	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2299	7.66	7.63	2256	2283	1026	1104	0.76	0.71	2.63	12.28	Replicate_2	80.0	0.42	0.6667	2.67	2.00	2.00	2.33	0.33	8	53.97	1056.34	1052.08	2165.77	49.15	2268.9	0.74	1.17
T=5.5; pCO2=1100	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2299	7.66	7.63	2256	2283	1026	1104	0.76	0.71	2.63	12.28	Replicate_3	53.3	0.44	0.7382	3.20	3.80	3.00	3.00	0.20	8	53.97	1056.34	1052.08	2165.77	49.15	2268.9	0.74	1.17
T=5.5; pCO2=1100	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2299	7.66	7.63	2256	2283	1026	1104	0.76	0.71	2.63	12.28	Replicate_4	38.5	0.52	0.6887	2.00	2.00	2.50	2.50	0.00	8	53.97	1056.34	1052.08	2165.77	49.15	2268.9	0.74	1.17
T=5.5; pCO2=1100	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2299	7.66	7.63	2256	2283	1026	1104	0.76	0.71	2.63	12.28	Replicate_5	54.5	0.66	0.7205	2.33	2.33	2.33	2.33	0.00	8	53.97	1056.34	1052.08	2165.77	49.15	2268.9	0.74	1.17
T=5.5; pCO2=1100	34.7	5.6	5.4	2280	2299	7.66	7.63	2256	2283	1026	1104	0.76	0.71	2.63	12.28	Replicate_6	35.3			3.00	2.67	2.33	3.00	0.00	8	53.97	1056.34	1052.08	2165.77	49.15	2268.9	0.74	1.17
T=8; pCO2=230	34.7	8.0	7.6	2280	2290	8.26	8.12	2012	2092	223	322	2.80	2.15	2.63	7.30	Replicate_1	85.7	0.69	0.8477	1.00	0.00	1.00	0.50	0.00	8	12.68	269.03	267.98	1879.09	162.10	2053.9	2.45	3.87
T=8; pCO2=230	34.7	8.0	7.6	2280	2290	8.26	8.12	2012	2092	223	322	2.80	2.15	2.63	7.30	Replicate_2	61.5	0.74	0.7239	1.00	0.00	0.60	0.00	0.00	8	12.68	269.03	267.98	1879.09	162.10	2053.9	2.45	3.87
T=8; pCO2=230	34.7	8.0	7.6	2280	2290	8.26	8.12	2012	2092	223	322	2.80	2.15	2.63	7.30	Replicate_3	64.3	0.83	0.8069	1.00	0.00	1.00	0.33	0.00	8	12.68	269.03	267.98	1879.09	162.10	2053.9	2.45	3.87
T=8; pCO2=230	34.7	8.0	7.6	2280	2290	8.26	8.12	2012	2092	223	322	2.80	2.15	2.63	7.30	Replicate_4	78.6	0.63	0.7423	1.00	0.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	8	12.68	269.03	267.98	1879.09	162.10	2053.9	2.45	3.87
T=8; pCO2=230	34.7	8.0	7.6	2280	2290	8.26	8.12	2012	2092	223	322	2.80	2.15	2.63	7.30	Replicate_5	77.8	0.77	0.7738	1.00	0.25	0.75	0.25	0.00	8	12.68	269.03	267.98	1879.09	162.10	2053.9	2.45	3.87
T=8; pCO2=230	34.7	8.0	7.6	2280	2290	8.26	8.12	2012	2092	223	322	2.80	2.15	2.63	7.30	Replicate_6	33.3	0.73	0.7945						8	12.68	269.03	267.98	1879.09	162.10	2053.9	2.45	3.87
T=8; pCO2=350	34.7	7.9	7.6	2280	2293	8.11	8.00	2086	2146	333	445	2.11	1.68	2.63	15.22	Replicate_1	61.5	0.57	0.7820	1.00	0.00	1.33	1.00	0.00	8	17.97	380.57	379.08	1971.27	125.81	2115.0	1.90	3.00
T=8; pCO2=350	34.7	7.9	7.6	2280	2293	8.11	8.00	2086	2146	333	445	2.11	1.68	2.63	15.22	Replicate_2	100.0	0.70	0.8055	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	8	17.97	380.57	379.08	1971.27	125.81	2115.0	1.90	3.00
T=8; pCO2=350	34.7	7.9	7.6	2280	2293	8.11	8.00	2086	2146	333	445	2.11	1.68	2.63	15.22	Replicate_3	75.0	0.85	0.7047	1.00	0.00	0.71	0.00	0.00	8	17.97	380.57	379.08	1971.27	125.81	2115.0	1.90	3.00
T=8; pCO2=350	34.7	7.9	7.6	2280	2293	8.11	8.00	2086	2146	333	445	2.11	1.68	2.63	15.22	Replicate_4	27.3	0.87	0.8044	1.00	0.14	1.00	0.29	0.00	8	17.97	380.57	379.08	1971.27	125.81	2115.0	1.90	3.00
T=8; pCO2=350	34.7	7.9	7.6	2280	2293	8.11	8.00	2086	2146	333	445	2.11	1.68	2.63	15.22	Replicate_5	33.3	0.71	0.8308	0.83	0.00	0.50	0.00	0.00	8	17.97	380.57	379.08	1971.27	125.81	2115.0	1.90	3.00
T=8; pCO2=350	34.7	7.9	7.6	2280	2293	8.11	8.00	2086	2146	333	445	2.11	1.68	2.63	15.22	Replicate_6	70.0	0.77	0.6064	1.50	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	8	17.97	380.57	379.08	1971.27	125.81	2115.0	1.90	3.00
T=8; pCO2=750	34.7	7.9	7.5	2280	2302	7.81	7.73	2199	2247	711	876	1.15	0.96	2.63	16.18	Replicate_1	66.7	0.67	0.7933	1.25	0.25	2.00	1.25	0.00	8	37.70	796.82	793.70	2117.55	69.17	2224.4	1.05	1.65
T=8; pCO2=750	34.7	7.9	7.5	2280	2302	7.81	7.73	2199	2247	711	876	1.15	0.96	2.63	16.18	Replicate_2	61.5	0.72	0.7373	1.40	0.40	2.00	2.00	0.00	8	37.70	796.82	793.70	2117.55	69.17	2224.4	1.05	1.65
T=8; pCO2=750	34.7	7.9	7.5	2280	2302	7.81	7.73	2199	2247	711	876	1.15	0.96	2.63	16.18	Replicate_3	41.7	0.64	0.7954	2.00	1.67	2.00	1.67	0.00	8	37.70	796.82	793.70	2117.55	69.17	2224.4	1.05	1.65
T=8; pCO2=750	34.7	7.9	7.5	2280	2302	7.81	7.73	2199	2247	711	876	1.15	0.96	2.63	16.18	Replicate_4	52.9	0.66	0.7220	1.71	1.50	2.00	2.07	0.00	8	37.70	796.82	793.70	2117.55	69.17	2224.4	1.05	1.65
T=8; pCO2=750	34.7	7.9	7.5	2280	2302	7.81	7.73	2199	2247	711	876	1.15	0.96	2.63	16.18	Replicate_5	75.0	0.54	0.7668	2.25	1.75	1.75	2.25	0.00	8	37.70	796.82	793.70	2117.55	69.17	2224.4	1.05	1.65
T=8; pCO2=750	34.7	7.9	7.5	2280	2302	7.81	7.73	2199	2247	711	876	1.15	0.96	2.63	16.18	Replicate_6	94.1	0.70	0.6694	1.40	0.00	1.80	1.60	0.00	8	37.70	796.82	793.70	2117.55	69.17	2224.4	1.05	1.65
T=8; pCO2=1100	34.7	8.1	7.5	2280	2305	7.62	7.58	2256	2297	1138	1279	0.77	0.69	2.63	16.46	Replicate_1	64.3	0.73	0.6604	3.00	2.00	2.00	3.00	1.00	8	57.03	1209.67	1204.94	2171.75	48.16	2276.9	0.73	1.15
T=8; pCO2=1100	34.7	8.1	7.5	2280	2305	7.62	7.58	2256	2297	1138	1279	0.77	0.69	2.63	16.46	Replicate_2	66.7	0.66	0.7530	2.00	3.00	2.00	3.00	0.00	8	57.03	1209.67	1204.94	2171.75	48.16	2276.9	0.73	1.15
T=8; pCO2=1100	34.7	8.1	7.5	2280	2305	7.62	7.58	2256	2297	1138	1279	0.77	0.69	2.63	16.46	Replicate_3	90.9	0.75	0.6911	3.00	2.50	2.75	3.00	0.00	8	57.03	1209.67	1204.94	2171.75	48.16	2276.9	0.73	1.15
T=8; pCO2=1100	34.7	8.1	7.5	2280	2305	7.62	7.58	2256	2297	1138	1279	0.77	0.69	2.63	16.46	Replicate_4	83.3	0.66	0.6681	3.50	3.50	2.50	3.50	0.00	8	57.03	1209.67	1204.94	2171.75	48.16	2276.9	0.73	1.15
T=8; pCO2=1100	34.7	8.1	7.5	2280	2305	7.62	7.58	2256	2297	1138	1279	0.77	0.69	2.63	16.46	Replicate_5	83.3	0.78	0.7135	2.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	0.00	8	57.03	1209.67	1204.94	2171.75	48.16	2276.9	0.73	1.15
T=8; pCO2=1100	34.7	8.1	7.5	2280	2305	7.62	7.58	2256	2297	1138	1279	0.77	0.69	2.63	16.46	Replicate_6	95.8			1.75	1.75	2.00	2.25	0.00	8	57.03	1209.67	1204.94	2171.75	48.16	2276.9	0.73	1.15