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Tunnicliffe, Verena; Davies, Kimberly T A; Butterfield, David A; Embley, Robert W; Rose, Jonathan M; Chadwick, William W Jr (2009): Seawater carbonate chemistry and Bathymodiolus brevior shell variables near Eifuku volcano, Japan, 2009 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.758715, Supplement to: Tunnicliffe, V et al. (2009): Survival of mussels in extremely acidic waters on a submarine volcano. Nature Geoscience, 2, 344-348, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo500

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Abstract:
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are causing ocean acidification, compromising the ability of some marine organisms to build and maintain support structures as the equilibrium state of inorganic carbon moves away from calcium carbonate. Few marine organisms tolerate conditions where ocean pH falls significantly below today's value of about 8.1 and aragonite and calcite saturation values below 1. Here we report dense clusters of the vent mussel B. brevior in natural conditions of pH values between 5.36 and 7.29 on northwest Eifuku volcano, Mariana arc, where liquid carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide emerge in a hydrothermal setting. We find that both shell thickness and daily growth increments in shells from northwest Eifuku are only about half those recorded from mussels living in water with pH>7.8. Low pH may therefore also be implicated in metabolic impairment. We identify four-decade-old mussels, but suggest that the mussels can survive for so long only if their protective shell covering remains intact: crabs that could expose the underlying calcium carbonate to dissolution are absent from this setting. The mussels' ability to precipitate shells in such low-pH conditions is remarkable. Nevertheless, the vulnerability of molluscs to predators is likely to increase in a future ocean with low pH.
Keyword(s):
Animalia; Bathymodiolus brevior; Benthic animals; Benthos; CO2 vent; Deep-sea; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mollusca; North Pacific; Single species; Tropical
Project(s):
European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)
European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)
Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384: European Project on Ocean Acidification
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106: European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 23.933794 * Median Longitude: 170.686507 * South-bound Latitude: 20.050103 * West-bound Longitude: 144.035506 * North-bound Latitude: 25.801383 * East-bound Longitude: 177.167231
Minimum DEPTH, water: 1103 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 2714 m
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 SiteSiteTunnicliffe, Verena
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 DateDateTunnicliffe, Verena
5 DEPTH, waterDepth watermGeocode
6 SalinitySalTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
7 Temperature, waterTemp°CTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
8 pHpHTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasuredNBS scale
9 Alkalinity, totalATmmol(eq)/lTunnicliffe, VerenaAlkalinity, potentiometric
10 Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgTunnicliffe, VerenaCalculated
11 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgTunnicliffe, VerenaCalculated using CO2SYS
12 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalTunnicliffe, VerenaCalculated using CO2SYS
13 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgTunnicliffe, VerenaCalculated using CO2SYS
14 Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15 pHpHNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Total scale
16 Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18 Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19 Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20 Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23 Hydrogen sulfideH2Sµmol/lTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
24 Bathymodiolus breviorB. brevior#Tunnicliffe, Verena
25 Bathymodiolus brevior, distance from umboB. brevior distance from umbocmTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
26 Bathymodiolus brevior, shell thicknessB. brevior shell thickµmTunnicliffe, VerenaElectron microprobe (EMP)
27 Bathymodiolus brevior, shell thickness, standard deviationB. brevior shell thick std dev±Tunnicliffe, Verena
28 Bathymodiolus brevior, distance from shell edgeB. brevior distance from shell edgecmTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
29 Bathymodiolus brevior, daily growth band, widthB. brevior daily growth band widthµmTunnicliffe, VerenaElectron microprobe (EMP)
30 Bathymodiolus brevior, daily growth band, width, standard errorB. brevior daily growth band width std e±Tunnicliffe, Verena
31 Bathymodiolus brevior, shell, lengthB. brevior LmmTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
32 Bathymodiolus brevior, shell, weightB. brevior shell WgTunnicliffe, VerenaMeasured
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
780 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Site		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
Date		5 
Depth water [m]		6 
Sal
(Measured)		7 
Temp [°C]
(Measured)		8 
pH
(NBS scale, Measured)		9 
AT [mmol(eq)/l]
(Alkalinity, potentiometric)		10 
AT [µmol/kg]
(Calculated)		11 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using CO2SYS)		12 
Omega Cal
(Calculated using CO2SYS)		13 
Omega Arg
(Calculated using CO2SYS)		14 
CSC flag
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		15 
pH
(Total scale, Calculated using...)		16 
CO2 [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		17 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		18 
fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		19 
[HCO3]- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		20 
[CO3]2- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		21 
Omega Arg
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		22 
Omega Cal
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)		23 
H2S [µmol/l]
(Measured)		24 
B. brevior [#]		25 
B. brevior distance from umbo [cm]
(Measured)		26 
B. brevior shell thick [µm]
(Electron microprobe (EMP))		27 
B. brevior shell thick std dev [±]		28 
B. brevior distance from shell edge [cm]
(Measured)		29 
B. brevior daily growth band width [µm]
(Electron microprobe (EMP))		30 
B. brevior daily growth band width std e [±]		31 
B. brevior L [mm]
(Measured)		32 
B. brevior shell W [g]
(Measured)
Mariana Arc - NW Eifuku, Fouling21.401194144.03571720041576342.55.882.5062439.87268.10.020.01265.714827.2984335.9183982.232440.180.630.010.0110141
Mariana Arc - NW Eifuku, Where21.401194144.03565320061597342.57.292.4502385.32541.20.610.39267.13179.893142.823129.642345.8015.510.170.27112
Mariana Arc - NW Eifuku, Champagne21.401139144.03561920061610342.56.512.4602395.03499.30.090.06266.341107.8919355.4919274.322388.802.610.030.05135
Mariana Arc - NW Eifuku, Rippling21.401083144.03550620061638342.55.362.6202550.819296.70.010.01265.1916739.63292452.15291225.682556.870.200.000.0015511
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723120071103349.07.852.4572394.02329.62.651.70267.7039.90877.82874.452220.1269.590.871.3610
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723120071103349.07.872.4652401.82330.82.771.78267.7238.09838.03834.802219.8472.870.911.42
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.167231100.0032.69
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.167231101.0033.57
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723191.5023.78
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723190.7021.81
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723198.4028.55
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723197.7028.10
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.167231106.8035.98
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723193.3033.88
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723186.4024.87
Kermadec Arc - Monowai, Mussel Ridge25.801383177.16723183.7021.73
Lau Basin - Hine Hina22.521103176.71716720071830349.08.422.3452284.81980.58.335.29268.258.38184.40183.691767.36204.762.273.5010
Lau Basin - Hine Hina22.517103176.716714200518303410
Lau Basin - Tui Malila21.983458176.566703200519003412
Lau Basin - Kilo Moana20.050103176.133339200526223414
Lau Basin - Tow Cam20.316700176.133453200527143412
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku181691.72258.2408.130.74
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku182414.94126.17112.090.88
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku193350.74112.26212.970.89
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku204345.85147.12313.630.61
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku205334.3597.74412.670.62
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku206344.1587.23511.000.52
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku197343.1688.21612.410.48
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku188356.5090.54712.030.46
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku179370.3568.34810.290.41
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku1710367.06115.42910.730.50
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku1411358.00184.02109.000.71
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku612350.00213.90
Lau/Monowai1111228.93397.88024.813.81
Lau/Monowai1721025.14342.59117.740.87
Lau/Monowai173949.29301.55219.131.47
Lau/Monowai174950.29243.33320.390.93
Lau/Monowai175919.29262.06422.401.17
Lau/Monowai176897.89264.56520.481.18
Lau/Monowai177871.87168.03621.881.12
Lau/Monowai178875.55136.92719.651.09
Lau/Monowai179845.24133.45818.341.05
Lau/Monowai1610884.28147.03920.931.90
Lau/Monowai1511739.74279.211012.941.25
Lau/Monowai712795.35290.68
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku37.301.00
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku41.701.46
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku46.901.77
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku59.103.38
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku61.403.30
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku63.903.95
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku76.705.05
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku87.206.37
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku90.307.86
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku97.408.48
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku95.608.06
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku103.9011.32
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku86.006.40
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku88.006.96
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku94.508.84
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku100.909.95
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku103.5011.70
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku102.8012.42
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku108.1011.63
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku105.0010.17
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku106.9012.69
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku107.2015.00
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku114.1016.48
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku85.707.63
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku103.0012.35
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku123.2021.57
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku140.6022.48
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku146.6026.06
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku115.9019.40
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku147.0031.36
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku119.9017.38
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku134.1023.02
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku132.6020.88
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku147.0026.84
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku122.7018.60
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku135.7024.28
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku103.9010.36
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku131.7021.10
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku145.1023.90
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku127.3020.74
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku130.6020.80
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku142.5023.44
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku126.5017.90
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku125.1020.68
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku122.9018.80
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku134.9020.18
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku131.6021.64
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku88.809.64
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku85.908.64
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku84.907.48
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku150.0029.06
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku135.6021.10
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku134.7022.52
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku128.8020.88
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku133.2020.06
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku144.3027.66
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku139.6021.00
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku135.7017.98
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku129.2020.74
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku134.9019.22
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku125.4020.46
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku154.1029.68
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku114.0015.48
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku120.5020.54
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku124.3020.92
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku124.5018.00
Marina Arc - NW Eifuku41.801.56
Lau Basin118.0040.14
Lau Basin115.8026.21
Lau Basin107.2021.97
Lau Basin122.7040.34
Lau Basin84.7019.89
Lau Basin59.307.35
Lau Basin107.0030.05
Lau Basin130.9044.07
Lau Basin119.1029.52
Lau Basin140.5053.81
Lau Basin140.6038.24
Lau Basin131.2036.51
Lau Basin125.3029.54
Lau Basin140.6045.80
Lau Basin130.3038.66
Lau Basin94.7015.38
Lau Basin96.5014.76
Lau Basin100.3019.52
Lau Basin62.009.75
Lau Basin70.0013.49
Lau Basin75.4013.72
Lau Basin74.8013.12
Lau Basin81.2014.90
Lau Basin91.8019.67
Lau Basin91.2018.99
Lau Basin62.009.98
Lau Basin67.7013.97
Lau Basin75.2017.79
Lau Basin88.0018.20
Lau Basin103.5028.10
Lau Basin93.9018.57
Lau Basin95.4018.14
Lau Basin99.6016.12
Lau Basin105.1023.47
Lau Basin100.8014.42
Lau Basin114.8026.34
Lau Basin124.2035.23
Lau Basin129.5028.08
Lau Basin121.6032.45
Lau Basin108.0022.17
Lau Basin138.7028.00
Lau Basin105.8019.80
Lau Basin116.4023.50
Lau Basin120.0026.78
Lau Basin119.2026.16
Lau Basin105.7019.24
Lau Basin119.2025.02
Lau Basin117.5023.14
Lau Basin117.4021.86
Lau Basin116.1024.24
Lau Basin125.2027.82
Lau Basin114.2024.44
Lau Basin113.3024.96
Lau Basin104.4020.92
Lau Basin111.5025.38
Lau Basin87.7016.42
Lau Basin88.6012.58
Lau Basin82.3014.88
Lau Basin91.9019.58
Lau Basin62.708.02
Lau Basin102.7026.49
Lau Basin83.1013.38
Lau Basin91.2017.70
Lau Basin105.3028.00
Lau Basin72.009.64
Lau Basin82.4012.68
Lau Basin59.605.44
Lau Basin51.204.53