Citation:

j.jembe.2010.10.020

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and Ruditapes decussatus biological processes during experiments, 2011
Published: 2011-03-29
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; Reproduction; Ruditapes decussatus; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

We investigated the effects of ocean acidification on juvenile clams Ruditapes decussatus (average shell length 10.24 mm) in a controlled CO2 perturbation experiment. The carbonate chemistry of seawater was manipulated by diffusing pure CO2, to attain two reduced pH levels (by -0.4 and -0.7 pH units), which were compared to unmanipulated seawater. After 75 days we found no differences among pH treatments in terms of net calcification, size or weight of the clams. The naturally elevated total alkalinity of local seawater probably contributed to buffer the effects of increased pCO2 and reduced pH. Marine organisms may, therefore, show diverse responses to ocean acidification at local scales, particularly in coastal, estuarine and transitional waters, where the physical-chemical characteristics of seawater are most variable. Mortality was significantly reduced in the acidified treatments. This trend was probably related to the occurrence of spontaneous spawning events in the control and intermediate acidification treatments. Spawning, which was unexpected due to the small size of the clams, was not observed for the pH -0.7 treatment, suggesting that the increased survival under acidified conditions may have been associated with a delay in the reproductive cycle of the clams. Future research about the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity should be extended to other types of biological and ecological processes, apart from biological calcification.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; Reproduction; Ruditapes decussatus; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Date	Date		Range, P
2	Sample ID	Sample ID		Range, P
3	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Range, P
4	pH	pH		Range, P	Aqua Medic electrodes and the dataloggerf	Total scale
5	Salinity	Sal		Range, P	Aqua Medic electrodes and the dataloggerf
6	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Range, P	Aqua Medic electrodes and the dataloggerf
7	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Range, P
8	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Oliveira, A P	see reference(s)
9	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Oliveira, A P	see reference(s)
10	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Oliveira, A P	see reference(s)
11	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Oliveira, A P	see reference(s)
12	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Oliveira, A P	see reference(s)
13	Ruditapes decussatus, weight, shell	R. decussatus Wshell	g	Range, P	Measured
14	Ruditapes decussatus, dry weight, flesh	R. decussatus Wdry flesh	g	Range, P	Measured
15	Condition index	CI		Range, P
16	Mortality	Mortality		Range, P	Mortality based on Taylor (1958)
17	Ruditapes decussatus, shell length, increase	R. decussatus sl increase	%	Range, P
18	Ruditapes decussatus, shell width, increase	R. decussatus width increase	%	Range, P
19	Ruditapes decussatus, live weight, increase	R. decussatus Wlive increase	%	Range, P
20	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

750 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date	2 Sample ID	3 Exp treat	4 pH (Total scale, Aqua Medic elect...)	5 Sal (Aqua Medic electrodes and the...)	6 Temp [°C] (Aqua Medic electrodes and the...)	7 AT [µmol/kg]	8 DIC [µmol/kg] (see reference(s))	9 CO2 [µmol/kg] (see reference(s))	10 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (see reference(s))	11 Omega Cal (see reference(s))	12 Omega Arg (see reference(s))	13 R. decussatus Wshell [g] (Measured)	14 R. decussatus Wdry flesh [g] (Measured)	15 CI	16 Mortality (Mortality based on Taylor (1958))	17 R. decussatus sl increase [%]	18 R. decussatus width increase [%]	19 R. decussatus Wlive increase [%]	20 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
2009-07-20	Tank 1 Clam	Low pH	7.84	30.04	22.90	3889.6	3727.3	50.2	1698.4	4.3	2.8								8	37.95	1237.53	1233.53	3418.81	209.97	3666.7	3.39	5.23
2009-07-20	Tank 2 Clam	Very low pH	7.57	30.43	22.57
2009-07-20	Tank 3 Clam	Control	8.13	30.42	22.50	3917.4	3551.1	23.3	804.8	7.9	5.1								8	17.67	571.35	569.50	3091.55	368.30	3477.5	5.92	9.14
2009-07-20	Tank 4 Algae	Low pH	7.83	30.05	22.86	3916.4	3750.3	50.6	1768.6	4.4	2.9								8	39.25	1278.51	1274.37	3452.66	206.97	3698.9	3.34	5.15
2009-07-20	Tank 5 Clam	Very low pH	7.57	30.02	22.87
2009-07-20	Tank 6 Algae	Control	8.21	30.06	22.83
2009-07-20	Tank 7 Clam	Low pH	7.79	30.03	22.87
2009-07-20	Tank 8 Algae	Very low pH	7.44	30.43	22.52
2009-07-20	Tank 9 Clam	Control	8.17	30.10	22.85
2009-07-20	Tank 10 Clam	Low pH	7.83	30.05	21.91
2009-07-20	Tank 11 Algae	Very low pH	7.51	29.70	23.10
2009-07-20	Tank 12 Clam	Control	8.19	29.36	23.09
2009-07-20	Tank 13 blank	Low pH	7.85	30.13	22.80	3909.3	3733.7	48.2	1675.4	4.5	3.0								8	37.22	1210.98	1207.07	3427.19	215.08	3679.5	3.46	5.35
2009-07-20	Tank 14 blank	Very low pH	7.67	30.04	22.80	3907.4	3830.3	75.8	2624.8	3.1	2.0								8	58.83	1913.31	1907.12	3575.82	147.93	3782.6	2.38	3.68
2009-07-20	Tank 15 Algae	Control	8.22	30.06	22.85	3901.5	3460.9	18.1	625.6	9.2	6.0								8	13.59	442.57	441.14	2934.15	431.70	3379.4	6.96	10.75
2009-07-20	Tank 17 blank	Very low pH	7.53	30.01	22.85
2009-07-20	Tank 18 blank	Control	8.25	30.01	23.13	3910.1	3443.5	16.7	576.5	9.7	6.4								8	12.40	406.63	405.32	2882.87	458.64	3353.9	7.40	11.43
2009-07-20	Tank 19 Algae	Low pH	8.00	29.95	22.82
2009-07-20	Tank 20 Clam	Very low pH	7.46	30.08	22.82	3901.6	3934.2	127.5	4345.2	1.9	1.2								8	98.38	3201.97	3191.62	3690.17	94.29	3882.8	1.52	2.35
2009-07-20	Tank 21 blank	Control	8.28	29.96	22.76
2009-07-20	Tank 22 blank	Low pH	7.96	30.34	22.47
2009-09-23	Tank 1 Clam	Low pH	7.84	30.04	22.90	3925.3	3745.8	48.7	1717.6	4.6	3.0	0.2680	0.0306	0.1177	28	16.03	14.65	55.94	8	38.30	1249.04	1245.00	3450.61	211.92	3700.8	3.42	5.28
2009-09-23	Tank 2 Clam	Very low pH	7.57	30.43	22.57	3906.5	3868.5	93.3	3372.9	2.6	1.7	0.3189	0.0382	0.1107	29	19.10	24.39	51.84	8	75.39	2441.98	2434.06	3637.87	119.70	3833.0	1.92	2.97
2009-09-23	Tank 3 Clam	Control	8.13	30.42	22.50	3910.5	3525.8	22.4	798.3	8.1	5.3	0.2537	0.0201	0.0931	44	9.95	8.42	64.09	8	17.64	570.32	568.47	3085.98	367.64	3471.2	5.91	9.12
2009-09-23	Tank 4 Algae	Low pH	7.83	30.05	22.86	3919.2	3742.7	49.4	1764.2	4.5	3.0								8	39.28	1279.43	1275.30	3455.16	207.12	3701.6	3.34	5.16
2009-09-23	Tank 5 Clam	Very low pH	7.57	30.02	22.87	3905.2	3872.2	94.9	3341.4	2.6	1.7	0.2367	0.0269	0.1214	37	20.85	24.33	71.99	8	75.24	2451.10	2443.18	3636.77	119.75	3831.8	1.93	2.98
2009-09-23	Tank 6 Algae	Control	8.21	30.06	22.83	3933.8	3491.3	18.5	641.9	9.2	6.0								8	14.11	459.34	457.86	2976.42	427.63	3418.2	6.89	10.65
2009-09-23	Tank 7 Clam	Low pH	7.79	30.03	22.87	3917.9	3764.9	54.7	1951.6	4.2	2.7	0.3202	0.0433	0.1287	25	30.77	33.89	71.52	8	43.51	1417.43	1412.85	3490.43	190.79	3724.7	3.08	4.75
2009-09-23	Tank 8 Algae	Very low pH	7.44	30.43	22.52	3927.9	3962.7	131.0	4600.7	1.9	1.3								8	104.23	3371.54	3360.59	3724.51	90.68	3919.4	1.46	2.25
2009-09-23	Tank 9 Clam	Control	8.17	30.10	22.85	3915.6	3501.1	20.3	715.6	8.7	5.7	0.2616	0.0256	0.1139	67	35.93	36.60	85.12	8	15.72	511.98	510.32	3025.84	397.18	3438.7	6.40	9.89
2009-09-23	Tank 10 Clam	Low pH	7.83	30.05	21.91	3915.6	3736.2	48.9	1768.4	4.6	3.0	0.3031	0.0345	0.1124	19	26.88	33.52	79.73	8	40.17	1275.80	1271.63	3465.95	200.56	3706.7	3.22	4.98
2009-09-23	Tank 11 Algae	Very low pH	7.51	29.70	23.10	3922.2	3919.4	110.2	3886.6	2.3	1.5								8	87.44	2861.06	2851.84	3685.51	105.73	3878.7	1.71	2.64
2009-09-23	Tank 12 Clam	Control	8.19	29.36	23.09	3904.6	3473.4	19.1	675.3	9.0	5.9	0.2712	0.0329	0.1346	38	20.35	19.20	77.23	8	14.90	486.45	484.88	2993.63	407.34	3415.9	6.59	10.20
2009-09-23	Tank 13 Algae	Low pH	7.85	30.13	22.80	3926.1	3742.1	47.6	1672.4	4.6	3.0								8	37.38	1216.26	1212.32	3442.11	216.02	3695.5	3.48	5.38
2009-09-23	Tank 14 blank	Very low pH	7.67	30.04	22.80	3942.1	3862.2	76.1	2626.0	3.1	2.0								8	59.36	1930.46	1924.21	3607.87	149.25	3816.5	2.41	3.72
2009-09-23	Tank 15 Algae	Control	8.22	30.06	22.85	3911.5	3462.4	17.9	620.6	9.3	6.1								8	13.62	443.73	442.30	2941.88	432.83	3388.3	6.98	10.78
2009-09-23	Tank 17 blank	Very low pH	7.53	30.01	22.85	3909.6	3903.5	106.6	3714.3	2.3	1.5								8	83.14	2706.98	2698.23	3663.28	109.90	3856.3	1.77	2.74
2009-09-23	Tank 18 blank	Control	8.25	30.01	23.13	3920.2	3433.6	16.2	575.2	10.1	6.6								8	12.43	407.71	406.40	2890.53	459.86	3362.8	7.42	11.46
2009-09-23	Tank 19 blank	Low pH	8.00	29.95	22.82	3935.9	3656.3	32.4	1150.2	6.3	4.1								8	25.30	822.96	820.30	3286.28	290.20	3601.8	4.68	7.23
2009-09-23	Tank 20 Clam	Very low pH	7.46	30.08	22.82	3922.5	3944.2	123.9	4392.6	2.0	1.3	0.2906	0.0302	0.1190	28	23.58	27.70	73.16	8	98.91	3219.22	3208.82	3710.06	94.80	3903.8	1.53	2.36
2009-09-23	Tank 21 blank	Control	8.28	29.96	22.76	3928.1	3409.8	14.9	527.1	10.7	7.0								8	11.55	375.04	373.82	2854.87	479.43	3345.8	7.73	11.94
2009-09-23	Tank 22 blank	Low pH	7.96	30.34	22.47	3932.5	3675.9	35.7	1263.9	5.8	3.8								8	28.22	911.23	908.27	3332.73	267.59	3628.5	4.30	6.64