Citation:

s12237-010-9307-0

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification rate of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, 2011
Published: 2011-03-10
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Brackish waters; Calcification/Dissolution; Crassostrea virginica; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

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Abstract:

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduce pH of marine waters due to the absorption of atmospheric CO2 and formation of carbonic acid. Estuarine waters are more susceptible to acidification because they are subject to multiple acid sources and are less buffered than marine waters. Consequently, estuarine shell forming species may experience acidification sooner than marine species although the tolerance of estuarine calcifiers to pH changes is poorly understood. We analyzed 23 years of Chesapeake Bay water quality monitoring data and found that daytime average pH significantly decreased across polyhaline waters although pH has not significantly changed across mesohaline waters. In some tributaries that once supported large oyster populations, pH is increasing. Current average conditions within some tributaries however correspond to values that we found in laboratory studies to reduce oyster biocalcification rates or resulted in net shell dissolution. Calcification rates of juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were measured in laboratory studies in a three-way factorial design with 3 pH levels, two salinities, and two temperatures. Biocalcification declined significantly with a reduction of ~0.5 pH units and higher temperature and salinity mitigated the decrease in biocalcification.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Brackish waters; Calcification/Dissolution; Crassostrea virginica; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Waldbusser, George G		Salinity
2	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Waldbusser, George G		Temperature
3	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Waldbusser, George G		pH
4	Species	Species		Waldbusser, George G
5	Salinity	Sal		Waldbusser, George G
6	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Waldbusser, George G	Orion Ross conductivity probe
7	pH	pH		Waldbusser, George G	Orion Ross conductivity probe	NBS scale, H+ ion concentration in µmol/l
8	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Waldbusser, George G	Two-point titration (Edmond 1970)
9	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Waldbusser, George G	Calculated using CO2SYS
10	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mg/g/day	Waldbusser, George G	Alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975)
11	Calcification rate, standard deviation	Calc rate std dev	±	Waldbusser, George G
12	pH	pH		Waldbusser, George G	Calculated	NBS scale, H+ ion concentrationin µmol/kg
13	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale, H+ ion concentration in µmol/kg
15	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Waldbusser, George G	Calculated
22	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

376 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat (Salinity)	2 Exp treat (Temperature)	3 Exp treat (pH)	4 Species	5 Sal	6 Temp [°C] (Orion Ross conductivity probe)	7 pH (NBS scale, H+ ion concentrati...)	8 AT [mmol(eq)/l] (Two-point titration (Edmond 1...)	9 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	10 Calc rate CaCO3 [mg/g/day] (Alkalinity anomaly technique ...)	11 Calc rate std dev [±]	12 pH (NBS scale, H+ ion concentrati...)	13 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 pH (Total scale, H+ ion concentra...)	15 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	22 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Low S	Low T	High pH	Crassostrea virginica	16	20	7.76	1.198	0.70	0.69	0.38	7.68	26	7.53	47.68	1331.93	1327.48	1635.86	29.67	1713.2	1705.8	0.48	0.81
Low S	Low T	Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica	16	20	7.52	1.155	0.40	-1.29	0.36	7.44	26	7.30	142.55	3982.26	3968.93	2832.12	29.74	3004.4	2897.8	0.49	0.81
Low S	Low T	Low pH	Crassostrea virginica	16	20	7.41	1.160	0.31	-2.86	0.43	7.33	26	7.19	235.55	6580.65	6558.62	3641.98	29.76	3907.3	3706.3	0.49	0.81
Low S	Hi T	High pH	Crassostrea virginica	16	30	7.92	1.248	1.45	2.44	0.53	7.86	26	7.70	12.80	464.06	462.69	778.27	29.73	820.8	858.0	0.53	0.86
Low S	Hi T	Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica	16	30	7.66	1.246	0.84	1.89	0.50	7.60	26	7.44	42.28	1532.82	1528.28	1419.96	29.97	1492.2	1491.5	0.53	0.86
Low S	Hi T	Low pH	Crassostrea virginica	16	30	7.46	1.227	0.53	-0.69	0.18	7.40	26	7.24	105.61	3828.86	3817.51	2246.56	30.03	2382.2	2314.1	0.53	0.87
Hi S	Low T	High pH	Crassostrea virginica	32	20	8.29	2.052	4.63	0.88	0.11	8.13	26	8.00	2.54	77.35	77.10	319.30	26.86	348.7	443.5	0.42	0.66
Hi S	Low T	Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica	32	20	7.66	2.063	1.32	0.33	0.33	7.51	26	7.38	48.76	1485.20	1480.23	1478.35	29.99	1557.1	1557.8	0.47	0.73
Hi S	Low T	Low pH	Crassostrea virginica	32	20	7.56	2.041	1.05	-0.44	0.31	7.42	26	7.29	76.86	2341.30	2333.46	1859.15	30.09	1966.1	1935.0	0.47	0.74
Hi S	Hi T	High pH	Crassostrea virginica	32	30	8.14	2.110	4.75	1.41	0.15	7.96	26	7.81	3.37	132.10	131.71	329.74	25.70	358.8	444.4	0.43	0.64
Hi S	Hi T	Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica	32	30	7.85	2.148	2.78	1.58	0.77	7.68	26	7.53	13.37	524.70	523.14	681.40	27.63	722.4	771.9	0.46	0.69
Hi S	Hi T	Low pH	Crassostrea virginica	32	30	7.43	2.115	1.13	0.80	0.17	7.27	26	7.12	90.80	3564.48	3553.92	1799.05	28.35	1918.2	1870.1	0.47	0.71
Hi S		Low pH	Crassostrea virginica	32					0.18	0.14
Hi S		Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica	32					0.95	0.14
Hi S		High pH	Crassostrea virginica	32					1.14	0.14
Low S		Low pH	Crassostrea virginica	16					-1.77	0.14
Low S		Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica	16					0.30	0.14
Low S		High pH	Crassostrea virginica	16					1.57	0.14
Hi T		Low pH	Crassostrea virginica		30				0.06	0.14
Hi T		Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica		30				1.74	0.14
Hi T		High pH	Crassostrea virginica		30				1.92	0.14
Low T		Low pH	Crassostrea virginica		20				-1.65	0.14
Low T		Mid pH	Crassostrea virginica		20				-0.48	0.14
Low T		High pH	Crassostrea virginica		20				0.79	0.14
Hi S	High T		Crassostrea virginica	32	30				1.27	0.12
Hi S	Low T		Crassostrea virginica	32	20				0.25	0.12
Low S	High T		Crassostrea virginica	16	32				1.21	0.12
Low S	Low T		Crassostrea virginica	16	20				-1.15	0.12