Citation:

meps07800

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and morphometric coordinates and morphology of the control 8-arm pluteus of brittlestar Ophiothrix fragilis, 2008
Published: 2008
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Ophiothrix fragilis; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

The world's oceans are slowly becoming more acidic. In the last 150 yr, the pH of the oceans has dropped by ~0.1 units, which is equivalent to a 25% increase in acidity. Modelling predicts the pH of the oceans to fall by 0.2 to 0.4 units by the year 2100. These changes will have significant effects on marine organisms, especially those with calcareous skeletons such as echinoderms. Little is known about the possible long-term impact of predicted pH changes on marine invertebrate larval development. Here we predict the consequences of increased CO2 (corresponding to pH drops of 0.2 and 0.4 units) on the larval development of the brittlestar Ophiothrix fragilis, which is a keystone species occurring in high densities and stable populations throughout the shelf seas of northwestern Europe (eastern Atlantic). Acidification by 0.2 units induced 100% larval mortality within 8 d while control larvae showed 70% survival over the same period. Exposure to low pH also resulted in a temporal decrease in larval size as well as abnormal development and skeletogenesis (abnormalities, asymmetry, altered skeletal proportions). If oceans continue to acidify as expected, ecosystems of the Atlantic dominated by this keystone species will be seriously threatened with major changes in many key benthic and pelagic ecosystems. Thus, it may be useful to monitor O. fragilis populations and initiate conservation if needed.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Ophiothrix fragilis; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Salinity	Sal		Dupont, Sam	Measured after Sarazin et al 1999
2	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Dupont, Sam	Measured after Sarazin et al 1999
3	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Dupont, Sam	Measured after Sarazin et al 1999
4	pH	pH		Dupont, Sam	Measured after Sarazin et al 1999	NBS scale, H+ ion concentration in µmol/l
5	Time, incubation	T incubation	day	Dupont, Sam
6	Ophiothrix fragilis, body length	O. fragilis BL	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
7	Ophiothrix fragilis, body length, standard error	O. fragilis BL std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
8	Ophiothrix fragilis, body rod length	O. fragilis BRL	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
9	Ophiothrix fragilis, body rod length, standard error	O. fragilis BRL std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
10	Ophiothrix fragilis, posterolateral rod length	O. fragilis PLL	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
11	Ophiothrix fragilis, posterolateral rod length, standard error	O. fragilis PLL std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
12	Ophiothrix fragilis, post-oral rod length	O. fragilis POL	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
13	Ophiothrix fragilis, post-oral rod length, standard error	O. fragilis POL std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
14	Ophiothrix fragilis, anterolateral rod length	O. fragilis ALL	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
15	Ophiothrix fragilis, anterolateral rod length, standard error	O. fragilis ALL std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
16	Ophiothrix fragilis, post-dorsal rod length	O. fragilis PDL	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
17	Ophiothrix fragilis, post-dorsal rod length, standard error	O. fragilis PDL std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
18	Ophiothrix fragilis, Symmetry index	O. fragilis SI	mm	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
19	Ophiothrix fragilis, Symmetry index, standard error	O. fragilis SI std e	±	Dupont, Sam	Measured using LAS software (Leica)
20	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Dupont, Sam	Calculated
21	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Dupont, Sam	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale, H+ ion concentration in µmol/kg
24	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

714 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Sal (Measured after Sarazin et al ...)	2 Temp [°C] (Measured after Sarazin et al ...)	3 AT [mmol(eq)/l] (Measured after Sarazin et al ...)	4 pH (NBS scale, H+ ion concentrati...)	5 T incubation [day]	6 O. fragilis BL [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	7 O. fragilis BL std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	8 O. fragilis BRL [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	9 O. fragilis BRL std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	10 O. fragilis PLL [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	11 O. fragilis PLL std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	12 O. fragilis POL [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	13 O. fragilis POL std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	14 O. fragilis ALL [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	15 O. fragilis ALL std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	16 O. fragilis PDL [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	17 O. fragilis PDL std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	18 O. fragilis SI [mm] (Measured using LAS software (...)	19 O. fragilis SI std e [±] (Measured using LAS software (...)	20 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	21 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	22 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 pH (Total scale, H+ ion concentra...)	24 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
32	14	2.12	8.1	1	0.146	0.002	0.067	0.002	0.081	0.004	0.018	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.930	0.016	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	2	0.136	0.002	0.095	0.002	0.252	0.009	0.030	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.940	0.009	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	3	0.150	0.003	0.108	0.002	0.269	0.008	0.040	0.002	0.004	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.930	0.009	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	4	0.168	0.004	0.106	0.002	0.257	0.009	0.078	0.003	0.042	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.930	0.011	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	5	0.164	0.005	0.108	0.002	0.280	0.014	0.100	0.006	0.038	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.910	0.020	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	6	0.203	0.004	0.109	0.001	0.355	0.020	0.130	0.006	0.086	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.930	0.021	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	7	0.204	0.007	0.106	0.003	0.419	0.028	0.140	0.009	0.099	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.930	0.011	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	8.1	8	0.233	0.009	0.111	0.002	0.444	0.029	0.180	0.012	0.131	0.009	0.020	0.005			2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	7.9	1	0.145	0.002	0.063	0.003	0.057	0.003	0.027	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.840	0.040	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	7.9	2	0.142	0.002	0.099	0.002	0.214	0.010	0.026	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.890	0.023	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	7.9	3	0.161	0.004	0.109	0.002	0.256	0.012	0.054	0.004	0.005	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.870	0.030	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	7.9	4	0.160	0.004	0.107	0.002	0.270	0.013	0.072	0.005	0.030	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.850	0.036	2128.4	2045.5	26	7.80	29.75	713.88	711.24	1940.75	75.00	1.15	1.82
32	14	2.12	7.9	5	0.171	0.006	0.102	0.002	0.297	0.017	0.090	0.006	0.044	0.008	0.000	0.000	0.860	0.049	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.9	6	0.181	0.007	0.102	0.002	0.327	0.020	0.104	0.008	0.062	0.009	0.000	0.000	0.960	0.077	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.9	7	0.195	0.008	0.103	0.003	0.330	0.027	0.122	0.013	0.074	0.015	0.000	0.000	0.940	0.069	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.9	8	0.211	0.008	0.099	0.002	0.450	0.030	0.156	0.008	0.096	0.007	0.000	0.000			2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	1	0.137	0.003	0.066	0.003	0.065	0.003	0.016	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.840	0.034	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	2	0.140	0.002	0.091	0.002	0.204	0.012	0.036	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.820	0.057	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	3	0.157	0.004	0.098	0.002	0.219	0.011	0.053	0.005	0.007	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.870	0.040	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	4	0.167	0.005	0.095	0.002	0.236	0.017	0.077	0.006	0.047	0.019	0.000	0.000	0.850	0.040	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	5	0.160	0.005	0.093	0.003	0.242	0.010	0.077	0.008	0.050	0.017	0.000	0.000	0.870	0.052	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	6	0.167	0.004	0.096	0.002	0.248	0.021	0.083	0.007	0.032	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.830	0.040	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	7	0.220	0.007	0.087	0.004	0.408	0.015	0.145	0.014	0.099	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.950	0.008	2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78
32	14	2.12	7.7	8	0.207	0.007	0.100	0.002	0.431	0.027	0.156	0.009	0.118	0.009	0.000	0.000			2128.4	2157.0	26	7.41	77.06	1849.13	1842.28	2047.71	32.23	0.50	0.78