Citation:

s00227-010-1527-0

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of Mytilus edulis during experiments, 2010
Published: 2010
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Other metabolic rates; Respiration; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Marine organisms are exposed to increasingly acidic oceans, as a result of equilibration of surface ocean water with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In this study, we examined the physiological response of Mytilus edulis from the Baltic Sea, grown for 2 months at 4 seawater pCO2 levels (39, 113, 243 and 405 Pa/385, 1,120, 2,400 and 4,000 µatm). Shell and somatic growth, calcification, oxygen consumption and excretion rates were measured in order to test the hypothesis whether exposure to elevated seawater pCO2 is causally related to metabolic depression. During the experimental period, mussel shell mass and shell-free dry mass (SFDM) increased at least by a factor of two and three, respectively. However, shell length and shell mass growth decreased linearly with increasing pCO2 by 6-20 and 10-34%, while SFDM growth was not significantly affected by hypercapnia. We observed a parabolic change in routine metabolic rates with increasing pCO2 and the highest rates (+60%) at 243 Pa. excretion rose linearly with increasing pCO2. Decreased O:N ratios at the highest seawater pCO2 indicate enhanced protein metabolism which may contribute to intracellular pH regulation. We suggest that reduced shell growth under severe acidification is not caused by (global) metabolic depression but is potentially due to synergistic effects of increased cellular energy demand and nitrogen loss.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Other metabolic rates; Respiration; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Thomsen, Jörn
2	Identification	ID		Thomsen, Jörn
3	Salinity	Sal		Thomsen, Jörn	WTW 315i salinometer and WTW TETRACON 325 probe
4	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
5	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Thomsen, Jörn	WTW 315i salinometer and WTW TETRACON 325 probe
6	Temperature, standard deviation	T std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
7	pH	pH		Thomsen, Jörn	WTW 315i salinometer and WTW TETRACON 325 probe	NBS scale
8	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
9	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Thomsen, Jörn	Potentiometric titration, VINDTA (marianda)
10	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
11	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Thomsen, Jörn	SOMMA autoanalyzer
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
13	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated using CO2SYS
14	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
15	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
17	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/mg/h	Thomsen, Jörn	Intermittent-flow system
18	Ammonium, excretion	[NH4]+ exc	µmol/g/h	Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated, see reference(s)	during respiration trial
19	Nitrogen/Oxygen ratio	N/O		Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated, see reference(s)
20	Ammonium, excretion	[NH4]+ exc	µmol/g/h	Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated, see reference(s)	during incubation
21	Mytilus edulis, weight, dry	M. edulis DW	mg	Thomsen, Jörn	Measured
22	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Measured
23	Mytilus edulis, weight, shell	M. edulis W shell	mg	Thomsen, Jörn	Measured
24	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
26	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

498 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 ID	3 Sal (WTW 315i salinometer and WTW ...)	4 Sal std dev [±]	5 Temp [°C] (WTW 315i salinometer and WTW ...)	6 T std dev [±]	7 pH (NBS scale, WTW 315i salinomet...)	8 pH std dev [±]	9 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration, VIN...)	10 AT std dev [±]	11 DIC [µmol/kg] (SOMMA autoanalyzer)	12 DIC std dev [±]	13 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	14 Omega Arg std dev [±]	15 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 Omega Cal std dev [±]	17 Resp O2 [µmol/mg/h] (Intermittent-flow system)	18 [NH4]+ exc [µmol/g/h] (during respiration trial, Cal...)	19 N/O (Calculated, see reference(s))	20 [NH4]+ exc [µmol/g/h] (during incubation, Calculated...)	21 M. edulis DW [mg] (Measured)	22 M. edulis shell L [mm] (Measured)	23 M. edulis W shell [mg] (Measured)	24 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	26 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
pCO2=39 Pa	Aquarium 1	18.06	0.99	8.98	0.46	8.04	0.04	2044.6	25.7	1968.9	21.7	1.11	0.12	1.86	0.20	17833.6	0.89	20.08	1.52	62.30	22.60	327.70	15	8.02	22.36	448.24	446.51	1873.88	72.66	1.12	1.89
pCO2=39 Pa	Aquarium 2	18.06	0.99	8.98	0.46	8.03	0.03	2044.6	25.7	1968.9	21.7	1.11	0.12	1.86	0.20	20599.8	1.37	15.03	1.03	63.80	23.30	319.10	15	8.02	22.36	448.24	446.51	1873.88	72.66	1.12	1.89
pCO2=39 Pa	Aquarium 3	18.06	0.99	8.98	0.46	8.03	0.04	2044.6	25.7	1968.9	21.7	1.11	0.12	1.86	0.20	20942.3	1.13	18.47	1.31	63.20	23.00	317.20	15	8.02	22.36	448.24	446.51	1873.88	72.66	1.12	1.89
pCO2=39 Pa	Aquarium 4	18.06	0.99	8.98	0.46	8.01	0.05	2044.6	25.7	1968.9	21.7	1.11	0.12	1.86	0.20				1.02	51.80	22.70	311.80	15	8.02	22.36	448.24	446.51	1873.88	72.66	1.12	1.89
pCO2=113 Pa	Aquarium 5	18.06	0.99	9.06	0.48	7.70	0.04	2040.7	23.4	2031.1	27.3	0.61	0.04	1.02	0.06	30830.2	1.52	17.36	1.53	57.10	22.30	294.50	15	7.74	44.20	888.59	885.17	1947.17	39.73	0.61	1.03
pCO2=113 Pa	Aquarium 6	18.06	0.99	9.06	0.48	7.70	0.04	2040.7	23.4	2031.1	27.3	0.61	0.04	1.02	0.06	25365.2	1.78	17.89	1.81	62.50	21.50	269.50	15	7.74	44.20	888.59	885.17	1947.17	39.73	0.61	1.03
pCO2=113 Pa	Aquarium 7	18.06	0.99	9.06	0.48	7.69	0.03	2040.7	23.4	2031.1	27.3	0.61	0.04	1.02	0.06		1.42		1.17	52.20	22.20	303.40	15	7.74	44.20	888.59	885.17	1947.17	39.73	0.61	1.03
pCO2=113 Pa	Aquarium 8	18.06	0.99	9.06	0.48	7.69	0.03	2040.7	23.4	2031.1	27.3	0.61	0.04	1.02	0.06				1.28	60.90	23.60	321.10	15	7.74	44.20	888.59	885.17	1947.17	39.73	0.61	1.03
pCO2=243 Pa	Aquarium 9	18.06	0.99	9.14	0.59	7.40	0.05	2051.0	29.2	2124.1	13.9	0.30	0.04	0.50	0.07	25779.9	1.36	18.90	1.70	60.50	21.80	267.00	15	7.40	98.70	1989.63	1981.99	2006.49	18.91	0.29	0.49
pCO2=243 Pa	Aquarium 10	18.06	0.99	9.14	0.59	7.38	0.05	2051.0	29.2	2124.1	13.9	0.30	0.04	0.50	0.07	30439.7	1.52	20.04	1.82	44.20	21.70	249.60	15	7.40	98.70	1989.63	1981.99	2006.49	18.91	0.29	0.49
pCO2=243 Pa	Aquarium 11	18.06	0.99	9.14	0.59	7.38	0.07	2051.0	29.2	2124.1	13.9	0.30	0.04	0.50	0.07	39164.8	1.64	23.95	1.96	65.20	22.20	290.10	15	7.40	98.70	1989.63	1981.99	2006.49	18.91	0.29	0.49
pCO2=243 Pa	Aquarium 12	18.06	0.99	9.14	0.59	7.36	0.06	2051.0	29.2	2124.1	13.9	0.30	0.04	0.50	0.07				1.41	56.60	22.10	274.80	15	7.40	98.70	1989.63	1981.99	2006.49	18.91	0.29	0.49
pCO2=405 Pa	Aquarium 13	18.06	0.99	9.07	0.51	7.20	0.06	2044.3	22.2	2213.9	26.7	0.16	0.01	0.27	0.02	22239.6	1.65	13.47	1.86	62.10	20.90	247.40	15	7.14	183.52	3690.69	3676.49	2020.09	10.30	0.16	0.27
pCO2=405 Pa	Aquarium 14	18.06	0.99	9.07	0.51	7.15	0.05	2044.3	22.2	2213.9	26.7	0.16	0.01	0.27	0.02	30644.2	2.37	12.93	2.25	49.20	21.30	249.70	15	7.14	183.52	3690.69	3676.49	2020.09	10.30	0.16	0.27
pCO2=405 Pa	Aquarium 15	18.06	0.99	9.07	0.51	7.12	0.06	2044.3	22.2	2213.9	26.7	0.16	0.01	0.27	0.02	24313.0	2.33	10.42	1.51	64.10	21.50	256.40	15	7.14	183.52	3690.69	3676.49	2020.09	10.30	0.16	0.27
pCO2=405 Pa	Aquarium 16	18.06	0.99	9.07	0.51	7.12	0.10	2044.3	22.2	2213.9	26.7	0.16	0.01	0.27	0.02				2.68	54.90	21.50	221.20	15	7.14	183.52	3690.69	3676.49	2020.09	10.30	0.16	0.27