Citation:

j.palaeo.2009.09.006

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Abstract:

Late Devonian (Frasnian) pillow basalts from the Frankenwald and Thüringer Wald within the Saxothuringian zone in Germany were found to contain abundant putative biogenic filaments, indicating that the volcanic rocks once harbored microbial life. The mineralized filaments are found in calcite-filled amygdules (former vesicles), where they started to form on internal surfaces of vesicles after seawater ingress. The filaments postdate an early fibrous carbonate cement but predate later equant calcite spar, revealing syngenetic formation. A biogenic origin of filaments is indicated by their size and morphology resembling modern microorganisms, their independence of crystal faces and cleavage plans, complex branching patterns, and internal segmentation. The filamentous microorganisms represent cryptoendoliths that lived in structural cavities of the basalt. They became preserved upon microbial clay authigenesis similar to the encrustation of modern prokaryotes in iron-rich environments. Filaments consist of clay minerals with the endmember composition berthierine-chamosite and illite-glauconite. Based on the discovery of fossilized filamentous microorganisms in Late Devonian pillow basalts of the Saxothurigian zone that are similar to filaments previously found in Middle Devonian pillow basalts of the Rhenohercynian zone, it is apparent that cryptoendolithic life was more widespread than previously recognized. Structural cavities within seafloor basalt may thus represent a common, perhaps universal niche for life in the oceanic crust.

Project(s):

Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 50.396950 * Median Longitude: 11.684550 * South-bound Latitude: 50.169200 * West-bound Longitude: 11.527200 * North-bound Latitude: 50.624700 * East-bound Longitude: 11.841900

Event(s):

FW-05-b * Latitude: 50.169200 * Longitude: 11.527200 * Location: Frankenwald, northern Bavaria, Germany * Method/Device: Geological sample (GEOS)

TH-be-08-09C * Latitude: 50.624700 * Longitude: 11.841900 * Location: Thuringian Forest, Germany * Method/Device: Geological sample (GEOS)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device
1	Sample ID	Sample ID		Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
2	Facies name/code	Facies		Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
3	Silicon dioxide	SiO2	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
4	Titanium dioxide	TiO2	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
5	Aluminium oxide	Al2O3	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
6	Chromium(III) oxide	Cr2O3	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
7	Iron oxide, FeO	FeO	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
8	Manganese oxide	MnO	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
9	Magnesium oxide	MgO	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
10	Calcium oxide	CaO	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
11	Potassium oxide	K2O	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Electron microprobe JEOL JXA 8900R
12	Sum	Sum	%	Eickmann, Benjamin	Calculated

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1488 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Sample ID	2 Facies	3 SiO2 [%]	4 TiO2 [%]	5 Al2O3 [%]	6 Cr2O3 [%]	7 FeO [%]	8 MnO [%]	9 MgO [%]	10 CaO [%]	11 K2O [%]	12 Sum [%]
FW-05-b-06A_03 -1	central filament	33.82	3.58	15.89	0.00	34.37	0.13	6.10	0.25	4.68	98.81
FW-05-b-06A_03 -2	central filament	38.60	3.03	17.67	0.00	27.73	0.08	5.23	0.21	6.51	99.05
FW-05-b-06A_03 -3	central filament	28.77	3.12	12.98	0.03	39.94	0.16	5.27	0.21	4.63	95.10
FW-05-b-06A_03 -13	central filament	47.20	1.95	19.00	0.00	18.05	0.02	3.69	0.25	8.81	98.96
FW-05-b-06B_01 -1	central filament	42.89	3.06	19.76	0.05	13.84	0.07	6.92	0.55	6.73	93.87
FW-05-b-06B_01 -2	central filament	34.99	1.66	16.94	0.05	22.94	0.14	11.29	0.52	3.01	91.53
FW-05-b-06B_01 -13	central filament	27.28	0.07	18.34	0.09	27.76	0.17	13.40	0.39	0.49	88.00
FW-05-b-06B_01 -14	central filament	26.56	0.00	18.18	0.11	28.15	0.14	13.70	0.39	0.25	87.48
FW-05-b-06B_01 -15	central filament	51.85	0.24	21.58	0.04	7.33	0.00	3.61	0.39	10.20	95.24
FW-05-b-06B_01 -25	central filament	41.74	0.61	19.40	0.05	17.44	0.14	7.93	0.43	5.78	93.51
FW-05-b-06B_01 -26	central filament	50.96	0.23	21.74	0.02	7.24	0.03	3.57	0.34	10.21	94.34
FW-05-b-06B_02 -1	central filament	43.89	0.82	17.24	0.04	23.43	0.05	3.02	0.75	8.04	97.27
FW-05-b-06B_02 -2	central filament	41.56	20.03	11.98	0.06	7.39	0.03	3.67	0.57	8.31	93.60
FW-05-b-06B_02 -3	central filament	28.40	26.62	11.79	0.00	25.06	0.08	1.93	0.75	5.20	99.83
FW-05-b-06B_02 -4	central filament	29.11	46.78	13.00	0.03	3.97	0.00	1.89	0.68	5.50	100.96
FW-05-b-06B_02 -5	central filament	28.82	19.86	13.41	0.04	23.28	0.08	2.35	0.64	6.00	94.47
FW-05-b-06B_02 -6	central filament	34.61	33.10	15.24	0.00	6.20	0.05	2.39	0.64	6.76	99.00
FW-05-b-06B_02 -7	central filament	34.75	34.22	15.22	0.02	4.83	0.07	2.45	0.55	6.67	98.78
FW-05-b-06B_02 -8	central filament	41.27	22.17	16.99	0.02	6.23	0.08	3.06	0.53	7.87	98.22
FW-05-b-06B_03 -1	central filament	21.88	61.49	9.37	0.03	3.36	0.00	1.76	1.05	3.89	102.83
FW-05-b-06B_03 -2	central filament	13.18	74.52	4.36	0.00	2.10	0.00	1.23	1.06	2.47	98.92
FW-05-b-06B_03 -3	central filament	36.56	25.51	12.93	0.03	6.72	0.04	3.48	0.68	7.64	93.59
FW-05-b-06B_03 -4	central filament	25.77	48.11	9.34	0.03	4.86	0.08	2.36	0.86	5.22	96.62
FW-05-b-06B_05 -1	central filament	11.97	69.47	5.90	0.01	5.70	0.06	2.61	0.87	1.36	97.95
FW-05-b-06B_05 -2	central filament	41.13	15.32	18.83	0.01	7.98	0.09	3.51	0.51	8.67	96.05
FW-05-b-06B_05 -3	central filament	41.20	19.54	18.69	0.00	6.14	0.02	2.90	0.53	8.47	97.49
FW-05-b-06B_05 -14	central filament	23.48	51.46	9.14	0.02	5.89	0.06	2.88	0.64	4.13	97.70
FW-05-b-06B_05 -19	central filament	33.16	34.58	14.20	0.02	7.59	0.09	4.31	0.69	5.49	100.13
FW-05-b-06B_05 -20	central filament	43.62	19.87	18.31	0.05	6.14	0.02	2.91	0.62	8.35	99.88
FW-05-b-06B_05 -30	central filament	27.75	11.03	16.48	0.08	21.90	0.15	11.01	0.50	1.93	90.83
FW-05-b-06B_05 -31	central filament	37.14	8.12	19.06	0.07	18.01	0.09	8.00	0.50	4.51	95.50
FW-05-b-06A_03 -7	bright phase	54.57	0.01	13.23	0.01	10.81	0.02	5.23	0.12	10.69	94.70
FW-05-b-06A_03 -8	bright phase	54.02	0.07	12.46	0.00	11.34	0.07	5.41	0.11	10.73	94.21
FW-05-b-06A_03 -9	bright phase	54.55	0.09	11.68	0.01	11.55	0.03	5.42	0.18	10.71	94.22
FW-05-b-06A_03 -10	bright phase	54.93	0.00	11.45	0.00	11.66	0.05	5.52	0.25	10.57	94.43
FW-05-b-06A_03 -11	bright phase	54.95	0.02	11.17	0.00	11.58	0.03	5.67	0.30	10.65	94.37
FW-05-b-06A_03 -12	bright phase	53.58	0.09	12.66	0.00	12.52	0.06	5.76	0.38	9.75	94.81
FW-05-b-06A_03 -18	bright phase	54.63	0.07	12.27	0.00	11.84	0.04	5.55	0.09	10.79	95.28
FW-05-b-06A_03 -19	bright phase	54.56	0.07	12.00	0.00	11.78	0.00	5.52	0.15	10.61	94.70
FW-05-b-06A_03 -20	bright phase	56.18	0.12	11.92	0.02	11.78	0.03	5.36	0.12	10.60	96.13
FW-05-b-06A_03 -21	bright phase	55.76	0.10	11.26	0.05	11.54	0.05	5.53	0.16	10.59	95.04
FW-05-b-06A_03 -22	bright phase	55.69	0.07	11.84	0.00	11.77	0.03	5.62	0.19	10.81	96.01
FW-05-b-06A_03 -23	bright phase	55.39	0.10	13.10	0.02	10.90	0.02	5.22	0.24	10.67	95.66
FW-05-b-06A_03 -24	bright phase	52.95	0.03	12.61	0.02	12.08	0.04	5.59	0.46	9.94	93.72
TH-be-08-09C_01 -1	bright phase	31.51	5.62	16.25	0.03	18.76	0.12	10.49	0.51	3.84	87.13
TH-be-08-09C_01 -4	bright phase	27.33	0.11	18.82	0.01	26.43	0.14	14.20	0.41	0.41	87.86
TH-be-08-09C_01 -8	bright phase	40.88	0.57	19.69	0.02	14.62	0.12	7.28	0.39	6.68	90.26
TH-be-08-09C_01 -11	bright phase	26.53	0.05	18.88	0.01	27.62	0.15	14.16	0.35	0.17	87.91
TH-be-08-09C_01 -12	bright phase	28.00	0.18	18.32	0.01	25.73	0.16	14.40	0.34	0.92	88.07
TH-be-08-09C_01 -16	bright phase	28.77	0.28	18.81	0.05	25.93	0.20	13.84	0.37	0.80	89.04
TH-be-08-09C_01 -17	bright phase	33.13	0.18	19.25	0.03	22.09	0.17	11.96	0.51	3.05	90.37
TH-be-08-09C_01 -22	bright phase	25.78	0.04	17.65	0.00	26.51	0.21	15.18	0.42	0.23	86.02
TH-be-08-09C_01 -23	bright phase	26.27	0.12	17.13	0.00	25.12	0.18	14.49	0.34	0.69	84.34
TH-be-08-09C_01 -26	bright phase	27.57	0.12	18.84	0.02	26.75	0.18	13.77	0.37	0.41	88.03
TH-be-08-09C_01 -27	bright phase	27.68	0.02	18.65	0.06	26.92	0.16	13.90	0.38	0.25	88.01
FW-05-b-06B_01 -8	bright phase	52.98	0.11	15.57	0.03	9.70	0.00	4.43	0.53	10.86	94.20
FW-05-b-06B_01 -9	bright phase	53.81	0.05	14.42	0.03	10.24	0.00	4.81	0.48	10.76	94.60
FW-05-b-06B_01 -10	bright phase	52.24	0.00	16.44	0.01	8.95	0.05	4.17	0.91	10.70	93.47
FW-05-b-06B_01 -21	bright phase	53.71	0.08	14.44	0.01	10.65	0.07	4.82	0.25	10.88	94.90
FW-05-b-06B_01 -22	bright phase	45.41	0.10	17.39	0.04	15.63	0.06	7.62	0.27	7.21	93.73
FW-05-b-06B_01 -28	bright phase	52.80	0.17	19.74	0.04	7.86	0.02	4.06	0.45	9.98	95.11
FW-05-b-06B_01 -29	bright phase	52.84	0.18	15.34	0.00	9.95	0.00	4.97	0.35	10.47	94.10
FW-05-b-06B_02 -15	bright phase	53.82	0.42	20.79	0.06	8.37	0.06	3.81	0.50	10.01	97.84
FW-05-b-06B_02 -16	bright phase	54.46	0.13	14.30	0.00	10.64	0.01	4.88	0.39	11.04	95.85
FW-05-b-06B_02 -17	bright phase	54.48	0.16	14.80	0.01	10.24	0.05	4.63	0.41	10.76	95.54
FW-05-b-06B_02 -18	bright phase	54.49	0.24	15.95	0.06	9.71	0.02	4.81	0.40	10.48	96.15
FW-05-b-06B_05 -6	bright phase	52.72	0.08	16.86	0.03	9.20	0.03	4.61	0.44	10.22	94.18
FW-05-b-06B_05 -7	bright phase	53.94	0.22	15.97	0.00	9.62	0.00	4.67	0.32	10.79	95.53
FW-05-b-06B_05 -8	bright phase	54.51	0.08	16.22	0.00	9.75	0.02	4.46	0.34	10.82	96.20
FW-05-b-06B_05 -9	bright phase	53.50	0.06	15.40	0.07	10.02	0.00	4.72	0.37	10.85	94.98
FW-05-b-06B_05 -10	bright phase	53.56	0.19	16.21	0.03	9.85	0.06	4.42	0.40	10.13	94.85
FW-05-b-06B_05 -11	bright phase	54.31	0.23	19.05	0.02	8.30	0.02	4.01	0.41	10.03	96.37
FW-05-b-06B_05 -12	bright phase	53.00	0.23	20.12	0.04	8.03	0.08	3.87	0.46	9.80	95.61
FW-05-b-06B_05 -13	bright phase	52.18	0.51	21.26	0.03	7.29	0.06	3.69	0.49	10.22	95.72
FW-05-b-06B_05 -23	bright phase	45.07	0.18	15.90	0.04	16.56	0.04	7.52	0.39	7.03	92.73
FW-05-b-06B_05 -24	bright phase	40.13	0.11	17.37	0.00	20.87	0.16	9.39	0.48	4.84	93.36
FW-05-b-06B_05 -25	bright phase	49.94	0.11	14.90	0.05	13.44	0.07	6.20	0.50	9.00	94.21
FW-05-b-06A_03 -4	dark phase	52.39	0.28	21.16	0.04	7.42	0.04	3.74	0.21	10.37	95.65
FW-05-b-06A_03 -5	dark phase	54.06	0.16	20.03	0.04	7.56	0.06	3.96	0.22	10.13	96.21
FW-05-b-06A_03 -6	dark phase	52.87	0.23	21.60	0.01	7.22	0.06	3.61	0.25	10.35	96.20
FW-05-b-06A_03 -14	dark phase	50.55	0.68	20.04	0.01	10.87	0.06	3.76	0.24	9.68	95.89
FW-05-b-06A_03 -15	dark phase	52.95	0.36	21.74	0.03	7.10	0.08	3.66	0.24	10.32	96.47
FW-05-b-06A_03 -16	dark phase	52.35	0.22	21.93	0.00	7.30	0.04	3.46	0.24	10.20	95.74
FW-05-b-06A_03 -17	dark phase	53.92	0.20	16.20	0.01	10.40	0.00	4.91	0.16	10.34	96.14
TH-be-08-09C_01 -2	dark phase	45.32	0.00	13.56	0.03	15.61	0.08	8.22	0.45	7.46	90.73
TH-be-08-09C_01 -3	dark phase	51.16	2.18	20.15	0.02	7.39	0.03	3.83	0.36	10.24	95.36
TH-be-08-09C_01 -5	dark phase	50.06	2.36	19.34	0.00	8.05	0.02	4.10	0.30	10.25	94.48
TH-be-08-09C_01 -9	dark phase	51.62	0.33	20.70	0.03	7.33	0.03	3.77	0.30	10.37	94.48
TH-be-08-09C_01 -10	dark phase	49.10	6.03	19.73	0.04	7.12	0.02	3.73	0.33	9.70	95.80
TH-be-08-09C_01 -13	dark phase	51.72	0.51	19.60	0.03	7.95	0.05	3.91	0.30	10.51	94.57
TH-be-08-09C_01 -15	dark phase	51.34	0.18	21.39	0.05	7.09	0.00	3.29	0.34	10.21	93.88
TH-be-08-09C_01 -18	dark phase	52.04	0.39	20.58	0.01	7.67	0.04	3.79	0.35	10.16	95.02
TH-be-08-09C_01 -19	dark phase	49.51	1.89	20.36	0.04	7.42	0.00	3.67	0.36	10.10	93.36
FW-05-b-06B_01 -3	dark phase	52.13	0.17	21.99	0.00	7.36	0.07	3.53	0.38	10.21	95.85
FW-05-b-06B_01 -4	dark phase	52.85	0.17	20.63	0.05	7.84	0.02	3.82	0.51	9.93	95.82
FW-05-b-06B_01 -5	dark phase	53.55	0.25	20.03	0.05	7.79	0.01	3.97	0.49	9.91	96.06
FW-05-b-06B_01 -6	dark phase	52.09	0.31	20.94	0.02	7.64	0.02	3.83	0.44	9.88	95.17
FW-05-b-06B_01 -7	dark phase	53.19	0.26	18.85	0.01	8.29	0.04	3.99	0.48	9.93	95.04
FW-05-b-06B_01 -17	dark phase	47.27	0.46	21.06	0.02	9.68	0.04	4.68	0.37	9.07	92.64
FW-05-b-06B_01 -18	dark phase	53.54	0.30	20.54	0.04	8.13	0.05	4.05	0.40	10.11	97.15
FW-05-b-06B_01 -19	dark phase	53.49	0.18	20.43	0.02	8.02	0.04	4.00	0.36	10.12	96.65
FW-05-b-06B_01 -23	dark phase	52.10	0.16	21.90	0.02	6.99	0.01	3.54	0.35	10.23	95.31
FW-05-b-06B_01 -24	dark phase	52.60	0.29	21.19	0.03	7.53	0.06	3.68	0.32	10.09	95.79
FW-05-b-06B_01 -27	dark phase	52.34	0.26	20.40	0.02	8.02	0.02	4.08	0.38	10.03	95.55
FW-05-b-06B_02 -9	dark phase	52.36	0.83	20.96	0.05	7.58	0.05	3.72	0.45	10.19	96.19
FW-05-b-06B_02 -10	dark phase	52.92	0.24	21.25	0.03	7.99	0.04	3.71	0.44	10.12	96.74
FW-05-b-06B_02 -11	dark phase	52.66	0.38	21.29	0.03	7.65	0.03	3.77	0.43	10.27	96.51
FW-05-b-06B_02 -12	dark phase	53.79	0.31	20.11	0.05	8.35	0.01	4.10	0.46	9.87	97.06
FW-05-b-06B_03 -5	dark phase	51.99	0.43	21.46	0.03	7.18	0.05	3.68	0.56	10.27	95.65
FW-05-b-06B_03 -6	dark phase	52.00	0.29	21.48	0.02	7.30	0.03	3.58	0.53	10.23	95.46
FW-05-b-06B_03 -7	dark phase	52.10	0.33	20.83	0.02	7.41	0.01	3.85	0.51	10.11	95.17
FW-05-b-06B_03 -8	dark phase	51.86	0.55	20.80	0.04	7.55	0.08	3.87	0.56	10.06	95.36
FW-05-b-06B_03 -9	dark phase	52.41	0.36	19.47	0.02	8.04	0.07	4.10	0.64	9.88	94.99
FW-05-b-06B_03 -10	dark phase	48.86	0.29	17.86	0.01	7.57	0.06	3.57	2.79	10.19	91.20
FW-05-b-06B_03 -11	dark phase	52.05	0.23	17.83	0.03	8.60	0.03	4.39	0.76	9.82	93.73
FW-05-b-06B_03 -12	dark phase	52.49	0.28	19.12	0.03	8.21	0.00	4.22	0.68	9.90	94.93
FW-05-b-06B_05 -4	dark phase	51.73	0.29	20.55	0.03	7.92	0.04	3.77	0.49	10.06	94.88
FW-05-b-06B_05 -5	dark phase	52.74	0.39	19.93	0.02	7.89	0.04	4.08	0.47	9.99	95.55
FW-05-b-06B_05 -21	dark phase	53.64	0.25	18.80	0.03	8.16	0.05	4.18	0.44	10.07	95.63
FW-05-b-06B_05 -22	dark phase	50.88	0.07	14.94	0.01	11.64	0.06	5.83	0.39	9.81	93.64
FW-05-b-06B_05 -26	dark phase	53.85	0.30	19.38	0.02	7.88	0.02	4.02	0.57	9.82	95.86
FW-05-b-06B_05 -27	dark phase	53.68	0.27	20.03	0.03	8.01	0.03	3.81	0.49	10.03	96.39
FW-05-b-06B_05 -28	dark phase	52.26	0.55	21.19	0.03	7.61	0.05	3.77	0.47	10.09	96.02
FW-05-b-06B_05 -29	dark phase	51.96	1.05	21.22	0.05	7.47	0.05	3.67	0.47	10.12	96.06