/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Straat Bali cruise from Amsterdam to Batavia started at 1853-08-05. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752354, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: -8.995843 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: 15.677753 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -40.470000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -25.750000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 51.680000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 104.100000 DATE/TIME START: 1853-08-05T12:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1853-11-02T05:00:00 Event(s): Straat_Bali_18530805_O_REIS_11_P83-92 * LATITUDE START: 52.900000 * LONGITUDE START: 4.100000 * LATITUDE END: -6.100000 * LONGITUDE END: 106.860000 * DATE/TIME START: 1853-08-05T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1853-11-02T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Straat Bali, Voyage: Amsterdam - Batavia, 1st Observer: G. Mulder (Kapitein) Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark - (-) * COMMENT: 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) Watch (Watch) * COMMENT: Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships Glasses (Glasses) * COMMENT: Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind scale reference [#] (Wind scale ref) * COMMENT: Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Present weather (ww) * COMMENT: Weather description Precipitation description (Precip descr) State of the sea description (State sea descr) Cloud type (Cloud type) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Comment (Comment) Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 1498 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] ff [m/s] Landmark Bearing - Watch Glasses Decl [deg] Wind scale ref [#] Wind dir descr Wind force descr ww Precip descr State sea descr Cloud type Clearness Gusts Rain Fog Snow Thunder Hail Sea ice Comment ID 1853-08-05T12:00 51.68 2.40 293 0.0 1 VM 8 -22 2 NW STIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245172 1853-08-06T00:00 326 4.6 1 VM 8 3 NTO, NWTN 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245173 1853-08-07T12:00 50.48 -1.00 1 4.6 1 VM 8 -22 3 NNO 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245174 1853-08-08T12:00 50.28 -2.43 23 4.6 1 VM 8 -22 3 NNO, NO 3 V00, V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245175 1853-08-09T12:00 50.05 -4.38 66 9.3 1 VM 8 -24 5 O 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245176 1853-08-10T12:00 48.62 -6.85 44 9.3 VM 8 -24 5 ONO 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245177 1853-08-11T13:00 46.47 -10.17 66 19.0 VM 8 -24 8 O 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245178 1853-08-12T13:00 43.50 -12.43 246 2.6 VM 8 -24 2 W 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245179 1853-08-13T13:00 42.70 -12.85 244 6.7 VM 8 -26 4 W 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245180 1853-08-14T13:00 41.47 -12.28 248 6.7 VM 8 -22 4 WNW, W 4 V00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245181 1853-08-15T13:00 39.52 -12.28 248 2.6 VM 8 -22 2 NW, W 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245182 1853-08-16T13:00 37.20 -12.67 338 2.6 VM 8 -22 2 NTW, N 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245183 1853-08-17T13:00 35.08 -14.00 23 4.6 VM 8 -22 3 NOTN, NO 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245184 1853-08-18T13:00 33.73 -15.22 79 2.6 VM 8 -22 2 OTZ 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245185 1853-08-19T13:00 32.75 -16.08 91 6.7 VM 8 -22 4 OZO 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245186 1853-08-20T13:00 31.18 -16.93 47 4.6 VM 8 -21 3 NO, ONO 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245187 1853-08-21T13:00 29.23 -18.02 350 12.3 VM 8 -21 6 N, NTO 6 V04, V00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245188 1853-08-22T13:00 26.57 -19.67 25 9.3 VM 8 -20 5 NO 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245189 1853-08-23T13:00 24.02 -21.47 59 9.3 VM 8 -20 5 NOTO, OTN 5 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a trivial correction was made in this observation 245190 1853-08-24T13:00 21.32 -22.13 60 9.3 VM 8 -19 5 OTN 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245191 1853-08-25T14:00 18.67 -24.42 50 4.6 VM 8 -18 3 VARIABEL, ONO 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245192 1853-08-26T14:00 16.60 -25.75 39 6.7 VM 8 -17 4 O, NOTO 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245193 1853-08-27T14:00 14.22 -25.72 321 6.7 VM 8 -17 4 NW, NNW 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245194 1853-08-28T14:00 12.22 -25.40 332 6.7 VM 8 -17 4 NNW, NTW 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245195 1853-08-29T14:00 9.90 -25.35 186 6.7 VM 8 -17 4 ZZW 4 V05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245196 1853-08-30T14:00 8.67 -23.83 197 9.3 VM 8 -17 5 ZWTZ 5 V10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245197 1853-08-31T13:00 7.38 -20.67 196 6.7 VM 8 -18 4 ZWTZ 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245198 1853-09-01T13:00 6.20 -19.83 185 4.6 VM 8 -18 3 ZZW 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245199 1853-09-02T13:00 5.57 -16.57 195 6.7 VM 8 -19 4 ZWTZ 4 W20 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 245200 1853-09-03T13:00 4.20 -15.35 206 4.6 VM 8 -19 3 ZWTZ, ZW 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245201 1853-09-04T13:00 3.55 -15.55 195 6.7 VM 8 -19 4 ZWTZ 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245202 1853-09-05T13:00 2.93 -14.97 161 9.3 VM 8 -19 5 Z 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245203 1853-09-06T13:00 1.87 -13.83 150 6.7 VM 8 -19 4 ZTO 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245204 1853-09-07T13:00 0.68 -15.45 139 6.7 VM 8 -19 4 ZZO 4 V00, V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245205 1853-09-08T13:00 0.60 -17.08 127 6.7 VM 8 -19 4 ZOTZ 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245206 1853-09-09T13:00 -2.00 -18.28 117 12.3 VM 8 -18 6 ZO 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245207 1853-09-10T13:00 -4.68 -19.00 129 9.3 VM 8 -17 5 ZOTZ 5 V00, V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245208 1853-09-11T13:00 -7.40 -20.75 129 4.6 VM 8 -17 3 ZOTZ 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a trivial correction was made in this observation 245209 1853-09-12T13:00 -9.50 -20.42 118 9.3 VM 8 -17 5 ZO 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245210 1853-09-13T13:00 -11.80 -21.10 96 6.7 VM 8 -17 4 ZOTO, OZO 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245211 1853-09-14T14:00 -14.40 -25.33 121 12.3 VM 8 -14 6 ZO 6 V00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245212 1853-09-15T14:00 -16.97 -24.55 110 9.3 VM 8 -14 5 ZOTO 5 V00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a trivial correction was made in this observation 245213 1853-09-16T14:00 -19.90 -22.72 77 19.0 VM 8 -13 8 OTZ, O 8 V04, V10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245214 1853-09-17T13:00 -23.62 -21.53 53 15.4 VM 8 -15 7 ONO 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245215 1853-09-18T13:00 -26.55 -19.75 53 15.4 VM 8 -15 7 ONO 7 V10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245216 1853-09-19T13:00 -29.30 -17.00 62 9.3 VM 8 -17 5 OTN 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245217 1853-09-20T13:00 -32.00 -14.52 28 9.3 VM 8 -17 5 NO 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245218 1853-09-21T13:00 -33.42 -11.47 26 15.4 VM 8 -19 7 NO 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245219 1853-09-22T13:00 -34.87 -7.50 26 12.3 VM 8 -19 6 NO 6 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245220 1853-09-23T12:00 -35.57 -3.67 147 9.3 VM 8 -22 5 ZTO 5 V10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245221 1853-09-24T12:00 -35.25 -2.07 145 6.7 VM 8 -24 4 ZTO 4 Z01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245222 1853-09-25T12:00 -33.93 0.07 100 6.7 VM 8 -24 4 ZOTO 4 V03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245223 1853-09-26T12:00 -35.60 0.90 66 6.7 VM 8 -24 4 O 4 V01, V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245224 1853-09-27T12:00 -36.95 2.50 10 4.6 VM 8 -24 3 NO, NOTN 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245225 1853-09-28T12:00 -37.58 3.53 30 4.6 VM 8 -26 3 NOTO 3 H01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245226 1853-09-29T12:00 -38.13 5.73 42 9.3 VM 8 -26 5 ONO 5 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245227 1853-09-30T12:00 -39.42 6.92 30 12.3 VM 8 -26 6 NOTO 6 V04, V10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245228 1853-10-01T11:00 -40.38 13.00 354 15.4 VM 8 -29 7 NNO 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245229 1853-10-02T11:00 -40.47 19.22 353 12.3 VM 8 -30 6 NNO 6 V10, V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245230 1853-10-03T10:00 -39.97 22.67 239 19.0 VM 8 -31 8 W 8 Z02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245231 1853-10-04T10:00 -38.77 26.82 239 6.7 VM 8 -31 4 W 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245232 1853-10-05T10:00 -38.30 31.13 239 6.7 VM 8 -31 4 W 4 W42 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 245233 1853-10-06T10:00 -38.83 31.85 239 15.4 VM 8 -31 7 W 7 V03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245234 1853-10-07T10:00 -38.58 33.77 284 15.4 VM 8 -31 7 NW 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a trivial correction was made in this observation 245235 1853-10-08T10:00 -37.42 35.68 241 6.7 VM 8 -29 4 W 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245236 1853-10-09T09:00 -37.17 38.27 332 9.3 VM 8 -28 5 N 5 V05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245237 1853-10-10T09:00 -37.63 40.52 38 19.0 VM 8 -30 8 ONO 8 V05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245238 1853-10-11T09:00 -38.18 45.17 39 15.4 VM 8 -29 7 ONO 7 H01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245239 1853-10-12T09:00 -38.68 49.90 332 9.3 VM 8 -28 5 N 5 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245240 1853-10-13T08:00 -38.88 55.12 198 19.0 VM 8 -27 8 ZW 8 Z01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245241 1853-10-14T08:00 -38.98 59.20 199 15.4 VM 8 -26 7 ZW 7 W00 V01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 245242 1853-10-15T08:00 -38.42 63.77 200 6.7 VM 8 -25 4 ZW 4 V05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245243 1853-10-16T08:00 -38.48 66.62 279 15.4 VM 8 -25 7 NWTW 7 V05, V10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245244 1853-10-17T07:00 -37.95 70.95 336 12.3 VM 8 -24 6 N 6 H01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245245 1853-10-18T07:00 -37.98 75.13 362 AMSTERDAM ZZO VM 8 -23 VERANDERLIJK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245246 1853-10-19T07:00 -37.78 77.25 90 4.6 VM 8 -23 3 ZO, OZO 3 H01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245247 1853-10-20T07:00 -36.72 78.15 298 15.4 VM 8 -17 7 NNW, NW 7 W20 V10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 245248 1853-10-21T07:00 -35.95 80.42 231 12.3 VM 8 -17 6 W, WZW 6 W00 W20 V10 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 245249 1853-10-22T06:00 -34.85 84.32 209 22.6 VM 8 -16 9 ZW 9 W00 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 245250 1853-10-23T06:00 -32.67 87.58 233 19.0 VM 8 -15 8 ZW, WZW 8 V04, V05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245251 1853-10-24T06:00 -31.25 90.90 282 6.7 VM 8 -11 4 WNW 4 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245252 1853-10-25T06:00 -30.15 94.33 170 1.0 VM 8 -10 1 ZW, Z 1 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245253 1853-10-26T06:00 -29.20 95.38 103 6.7 VM 8 -10 4 OZO 4 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245254 1853-10-27T06:00 -27.47 96.75 106 12.3 VM 8 -7 6 OZO 6 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245255 1853-10-28T05:00 -24.42 98.67 95 12.3 VM 8 -6 6 OTZ 6 V04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245256 1853-10-29T05:00 -21.33 99.67 109 19.0 VM 8 -4 8 OZO 8 V00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245257 1853-10-30T05:00 -18.50 101.25 97 15.4 VM 8 -4 7 OTZ 7 V01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245258 1853-10-31T05:00 -15.13 102.37 122 19.0 VM 8 -2 8 ZOTO 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245259 1853-11-01T05:00 -11.93 103.63 90 15.4 VM 8 0 7 O 7 V00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245260 1853-11-02T05:00 -8.48 104.10 124 6.7 VM 8 0 4 ZOTO STIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245261