/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ROEBUCK cruise from Nore to New York started at 1779-07-25. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751780, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 43.179167 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -26.636667 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 37.530000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -46.150000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 48.830000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -11.360000 DATE/TIME START: 1779-07-25T13:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1779-08-29T15:00:00 Event(s): Roebuck_17790725_NMM_ADM/L/R160 * LATITUDE START: 49.250000 * LONGITUDE START: -6.320000 * LATITUDE END: 40.670000 * LONGITUDE END: -74.040000 * DATE/TIME START: 1779-07-25T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1779-08-29T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Roebuck (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Nore - New York, 1st Observer: Andrew Snape Hammond (Captain), 2nd Observer: Andrew Snape Douglas (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 44G 879BM Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Precipitation description (Precip descr) State of the sea description (State sea descr) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Comment (Comment) Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 680 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) Landmark (Name of first landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) Course (Course of the ship during the...) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) Precip descr State sea descr Clearness Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) Rain (1 If rain was reported) Fog (1 If fog was reported) Snow (1 If snow was reported) Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) Hail (1 If hail was reported) Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) Comment ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) 1779-07-25T13:00 48.28 -11.36 225 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N22E 65 NW 40.00 -23 WSW MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213008 1779-07-26T13:00 47.70 -12.23 225 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N27E 81 NW 50.00 -23 WSW MODERATE CLOUDY WEATHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213009 1779-07-27T13:00 48.02 -12.71 281 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N33E 78 SWBW 27.00 -23 NWBW MODERATE CLOUDY WEATHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213010 1779-07-28T13:00 48.83 -13.46 247 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N47E 72 WNW 58.00 -23 W FRESH GALES 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 213011 1779-07-29T13:00 48.80 -13.81 202 19.0 CAPE CLEAR 49E 76 WNW 14.00 -23 SW FRESH GALES 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 213012 1779-07-30T13:00 47.50 -14.45 258 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N49E 101 SWBS 82.00 -23 WBN FRESH GALES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213013 1779-07-31T13:00 46.98 -14.65 328 1.0 CAPE CLEAR N38E 110 WBN 32.00 -21 NBW LIGHT AIRS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213014 1779-08-01T13:00 47.50 -16.03 292 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N49W 118 WSW 69.00 -23 NW FRESH GALES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213015 1779-08-02T13:00 46.33 -16.88 361 CAPE CLEAR N45E 142 78.00 -21 CALM A GREAT SWELL TO THE WESTWARD CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a trivial correction was made in this observation 213016 1779-08-03T13:00 45.48 -17.41 283 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N43E 159 SWBW 56.00 -21 NWBW MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213017 1779-08-04T13:00 45.85 -18.05 260 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N47E 160 NBW 35.00 -21 WBN MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213018 1779-08-05T13:00 44.93 -18.96 317 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N45E 180 W 68.00 -21 NNW FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY SHOWERS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 213019 1779-08-06T13:00 44.52 -19.66 305 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N46E 195 WBS 39.00 -21 NWBN FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY SHOWERS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 213020 1779-08-07T13:00 43.57 -20.53 283 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N45E 217 SWBW 68.00 -21 NWBW FRESH GALES HAZY THROUGHOUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213021 1779-08-08T13:00 42.45 -20.53 262 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N41E 234 SWBS 67.00 -19 WBN LIGHT BREEZES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213022 1779-08-09T13:00 42.37 -20.55 251 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N41E 236 SSW 5.00 -19 W LIGHT BREEZES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213023 1779-08-10T13:00 42.80 -20.98 227 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N43E 233 NW 32.00 -21 WSW LIGHT BREEZES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213024 1779-08-11T13:00 42.47 -21.26 285 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N43E 241 SWBW 24.00 -19 NWBW LIGHT BREEZES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213025 1779-08-12T14:00 42.33 -22.95 361 0.0 CAPE CLEAR N47E 255 76.00 -18 CALM CALM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213026 1779-08-13T14:00 42.85 -23.63 204 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N50E 259 WNW 32.00 -21 SW FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213027 1779-08-14T14:00 42.52 -25.08 305 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N51E 281 WBS 68.00 -21 NWBN LIGHT WINDS A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NNW FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213028 1779-08-15T14:00 42.30 -28.08 62 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N56E 320 WBN 140.00 -17 EBN FRESH GALES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213029 1779-08-16T14:00 42.03 -29.78 28 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N58E 348 WNW 78.00 -17 NE FRESH GALES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213030 1779-08-17T14:00 42.05 -31.68 96 1.0 CAPE CLEAR N60E 374 WNW 85.00 -17 ESE LIGHT AIRS CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213031 1779-08-18T14:00 42.15 -34.21 97 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N61E 384 WNW 123.00 -16 ESE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213032 1779-08-19T14:00 42.23 -36.05 119 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N63E 405 WNW 82.00 -16 SE MODERATE HAZY THROUGHOUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213033 1779-08-20T15:00 42.40 -38.46 188 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N65:45E 433 WNW 108.00 -15 SSW LIGHT BREEZES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213034 1779-08-21T15:00 41.88 -38.68 221 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N64:47E 442 NWBN 33.00 -15 SWBW FRESH GALES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213035 1779-08-22T15:00 40.35 -39.31 289 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N42:09E 468 SWBW 96.00 -15 NWBW MODERATE FAIR THOUGHOUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213036 1779-08-23T15:00 39.18 -40.33 255 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N60:45E 494 SW 84.00 -15 WBW LITTLE WIND CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213037 1779-08-24T15:00 38.37 -41.40 233 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N60:08E 519 W 170.00 -15 WSW FRESH GALES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213038 1779-08-25T15:00 38.22 -43.20 324 19.0 CAPE CLEAR N61:13E 543 W 86.00 -14 NNW FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213039 1779-08-26T15:00 37.53 -44.66 335 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N61:10E 570 WBN 81.00 -14 NBW MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213040 1779-08-27T15:00 37.58 -45.75 9 6.7 CAPE CLEAR N62:00E 584 WNW 52.00 -14 NNE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213041 1779-08-28T15:00 37.67 -46.01 357 1.0 CAPE CLEAR N62:15E 585 NWBW 13.00 -14 NBE LIGHT AIRS SWELL FROM THE NE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213042 1779-08-29T15:00 38.43 -46.15 234 2.6 CAPE CLEAR N64E 575 NW 52.00 -14 WSW LIGHT BREEZES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213043