/* DATA DESCRIPTION:
Citation:	García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PALLAS cruise from Suriname to Curaçao started at 1829-11-28 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751068, 
	In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Related to:	García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):	Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC)
Funding:	Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090)
Coverage:	MEDIAN LATITUDE: 10.303750 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -60.427500 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 6.080000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -66.870000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 12.600000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -55.380000
	DATE/TIME START: 1829-11-28T16:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1829-12-06T00:00:00
Event(s):	Pallas_18291128_MAR_D23905_3555 * LATITUDE START: 6.180000 * LONGITUDE START: -55.410000 * LATITUDE END: 12.370000 * LONGITUDE END: -68.570000 * DATE/TIME START: 1829-11-28T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1829-12-06T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Pallas (Korvet), Voyage: Suriname - Curacao, 1st Observer: H. Van de Velde (Kltz), Company: MAR, Other ship information: BEMAND MET 127 KOPPEN
Parameter(s):	DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE
	LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE
	LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE
	Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
	Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
	Pressure, atmospheric [hPa] (PPPP) * COMMENT: No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
	Temperature, air [°C] (TTT)
	Image number/name (Image no/name) * COMMENT: Identification Number of the original image
	Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark
	Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark
	Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark
	Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of second landmark
	Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the second landmark
	Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the second landmark
	- (-) * COMMENT: 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
	Watch (Watch) * COMMENT: Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
	Glasses (Glasses) * COMMENT: Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
	Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
	Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
	Comment (Comment) * COMMENT: Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
	Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
	Sensor reading [arbitrary units] (Reading) * COMMENT: Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
	Sensor reading [arbitrary units] (Reading) * COMMENT: Reading of the air pressure
	Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
	Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day
	Present weather (ww) * COMMENT: Weather description
	Precipitation description (Precip descr)
	Cloud type (Cloud type)
	Clearness (Clearness)
	Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported
	Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported
	Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported
	Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported
	Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
	Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported
	Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
	Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:	Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
Size:	227 data points
*/
Date/Time	Latitude	Longitude	dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	TTT [°C]	Image no/name (Identification Number of the ...)	Landmark (Name of first landmark)	Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	Landmark (Name of second landmark)	Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark)	Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark)	- (1 If position is considered t...)	Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	Course (Course of the ship during the...)	Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	ww (Weather description)	Precip descr	Cloud type	Clearness	Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	Rain (1 If rain was reported)	Fog (1 If fog was reported)	Snow (1 If snow was reported)	Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	Hail (1 If hail was reported)	Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)	ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1829-11-28T16:00	6.08	-55.38	71	2.6	1013.3	27.2	MAR_D23905_3555_0272	TOBAGO (GIS)	NW	108					VM	8	NWTN	1.00	ZEILENDE VAN SURINAME NAAR CURAÇAO.	3	81.00	29.92	O-ONO	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183331
1829-11-29T16:00	7.87	-56.79	92	0.0	1011.2	28.3	MAR_D23905_3555_0273	TOBAGO (GIS)	NW	76					VM	8	NW 1/2 N	32.50		2	83.00	29.86	O	FLAUW-STIL			BEWOLKTE LUCHT		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183332
1829-11-30T16:00	9.50	-58.05	71	1.0	1011.2	28.9	MAR_D23905_3555_0273	TOBAGO (GIS)	NW 1/2 W	45					VM	8	NW 1/2 W	31.00		3	84.00	29.86	ONO	FLAUWE KOELTE			BETROKKEN LUCHT		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183333
1829-12-01T16:00	11.18	-58.52	71	2.6			MAR_D23905_3555_0274	TOBAGO (GIS)	WTN	28					VM	8	NTW 7/8 W	26.00		3			ONO	ONGESTADIGE KOELTE			BEWOLKTE LUCHT		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183334
1829-12-02T16:00	11.47	-60.40	93	1.0	1011.9	28.3	MAR_D23905_3555_0274	OOSTHOEK KLEIN TOBAGO	ZTW 2/3 W	3	WESTHOEK GROOT TOBAGO	ZW	3	1	VM	8	WNW 3/4 W	28.50		3	83.00	29.88	O	FLAUW		REGENACHTIG			0	1	0	0	0	0	0	183335
1829-12-03T16:00	11.65	-62.57	105	2.6	1015.6	28.3	MAR_D23905_3555_0274	ISLOTAS PELTEGOS???, GROOTSTE	ZW 2/3 W	3	BLANQUILLAS (GIS)	W 3/4 N	28		VM	8	W	32.25		4	83.00	29.99	O-OTZ	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183336
1829-12-04T16:00	12.60	-64.84	82	2.6	1016.0	28.1	MAR_D23905_3555_0275	BANK BENOORDEN ORCHILLA (GIS)	WZW	21					VM	8	NWTW 2/3 W	32.50		3	82.50	30.00	OTN	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183337
1829-12-05T16:00	12.08	-66.87	117	2.6	1016.0	27.8	MAR_D23905_3555_0275	NOORDPUNT WESTELIJKSTE EILAND DER AVESGROEP (G	WTZ	14	OOSTHOEK BONAIRE (GIS)	W	22		VM	8	W 7/8 Z	31.50		4	82.00	30.00	OZO	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER				0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183338
1829-12-06T00:00							MAR_D23905_3555_0275	TAFELBERG	WZW 3/4 W					1															0	0	0	0	0	0	0	183339