/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during LIVERPOOL cruise from Calcutta to Madras started at 1764-02-21. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750483, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 15.983684 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: 87.083684 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 12.830000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 81.700000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 20.600000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 90.730000 DATE/TIME START: 1764-02-21T06:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1764-03-10T07:00:00 Event(s): Liverpool_17640221_NMM_ADM/L/L168 * LATITUDE START: 19.150000 * LONGITUDE START: 88.300000 * LATITUDE END: 12.100000 * LONGITUDE END: 80.500000 * DATE/TIME START: 1764-02-21T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1764-03-10T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Liverpool (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Calcutta - Madras, 1st Observer: Edward Clarke (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Okes (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Current direction description (Cur dir descr) * COMMENT: Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. Current speed description (V descr) Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day State of the sea description (State sea descr) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 374 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) Landmark (Name of first landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) Course (Course of the ship during the...) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) V descr Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) State sea descr Clearness Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) Rain (1 If rain was reported) Fog (1 If fog was reported) Snow (1 If snow was reported) Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) Hail (1 If hail was reported) Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) 1764-02-21T06:00 20.60 88.60 225 9.3 POINT PALMIRAS N85W 30 S85E 90.00 0 SBW-SW FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151002 1764-02-22T06:00 19.25 89.58 236 9.3 POINT PALMIRAS N52W 61 S35E 108.00 0 S-SWBW MOST PART FRESH BREEZES SMALL SWELL SETTING FROM THE SW FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151003 1764-02-23T06:00 18.00 90.61 236 9.3 POINT PALMIRAS N47W 93 S38E 96.00 0 SBW-SWBW MOST PART FRESH BREEZES SWELL STILL TO CONTINUE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151004 1764-02-24T06:00 17.42 90.73 259 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N43W 103 S12E 35.00 0 SSW-WBS FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM SMALL SWELL SET FROM W FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151005 1764-02-25T06:00 17.28 90.18 146 2.6 POINT PALMIRAS N37W 98 S75W 33.00 0 S, WBS, CALM, SEBS FIRST AND LATTER PARTS LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE CALM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151006 1764-02-26T06:00 17.33 89.95 214 0.0 POINT PALMIRAS N36W 97 N75W 13.00 0 SSE, CALM, SWBS NORTHERLY 6 MILES MOST PART CALM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151007 1764-02-27T06:00 17.28 89.55 180 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N32W 92 S80W 23.00 0 SWBS, SSE, S NORTHERLY 7 MILES MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151008 1764-02-28T06:00 17.07 88.80 191 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N22W 89 S73W 45.00 0 SBE, VARIABLE, SBW MODERATE SWELL SET FROM NW FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151009 1764-02-29T06:00 16.58 88.58 315 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N18W 97 S24W 32.00 0 WSW, CALM, WBS-NW SOUTHERLY FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE CALM NORTHERLY SWELL FIRST AND LATTER FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151010 1764-03-01T06:00 16.03 87.51 135 0.6 POINT PALMIRAS N5W 103 S62W 70.00 0 NWBN, ENE, E, SE S 4 MILES FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALMS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151011 1764-03-02T06:00 15.63 87.15 360 1.0 POINT PALMIRAS N2W 111 S50W 25.00 0 WNW, CALM, N S 8 MILES MOST LIGHT AIRS INTERMIXED CALM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151012 1764-03-03T06:00 15.42 86.65 45 0.6 POINT PALMIRAS N4E 115 S66W 32.00 0 NNW, EBN, SE, VARIABLE-NE LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151013 1764-03-04T06:00 14.77 85.78 135 2.6 POINT PALMIRAS N11E 130 S56W 60.00 0 EBS, ENE, SE LIGHT BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151014 1764-03-05T06:00 14.33 85.18 203 1.5 POINT PALMIRAS N15E 142 S58W 42.00 0 SEBE-SSW LIGHT BREEZES INCLINING TO CALM SWELL FROM SE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151015 1764-03-06T06:00 13.95 84.70 361 0.0 POINT PALMIRAS N17E 152 S50W 36.00 0 SSW-S, CALM FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER CALM - AT 11 CALM FIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151016 1764-03-07T06:00 13.60 83.81 203 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N22E 163 S70W 55.00 0 CALM, SBW, S, SSW SET W1/2S 3 FATHOMS FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS, LATTER MODERATE FIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151017 1764-03-08T06:00 13.32 83.15 180 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N26E 175 S67W 45.00 0 SBW, SSE, S MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151018 1764-03-09T07:00 13.00 82.38 158 2.6 POINT PALMIRAS N29E 188 S67W 49.00 0 SBW, SBE, SSE FIRST AND LATTER PARTS LIGHT BREEZES FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151019 1764-03-10T07:00 12.83 81.70 158 6.7 POINT PALMIRAS N32E 197 S75W 41.00 0 S, WBS, SBE, VARIABLE, SSE SET W1/2S FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151020