/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during El Cortes cruise from Montevideo to La Coruña started at 1798-08-18 [dataset]. Archivo General de Indias, Seville, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748903, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 2.455714 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -31.937000 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -36.350000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -54.750000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 43.130000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -9.600000 DATE/TIME START: 1798-08-19T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1798-10-29T00:00:00 Event(s): El_Cortes_17980818_CORREOS_194B_R6 * LATITUDE START: -35.970000 * LONGITUDE START: -55.650000 * LATITUDE END: 43.360000 * LONGITUDE END: -8.360000 * DATE/TIME START: 1798-08-19T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1798-10-29T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: El Cortes (Fragata Correo), Voyage: Montevideo - La Coruña, 1st Observer: Juan Manuel de Las Cagigas (Capitan) Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations - (-) * COMMENT: 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) Watch (Watch) * COMMENT: Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships Glasses (Glasses) * COMMENT: Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Present weather (ww) * COMMENT: Weather description Precipitation description (Precip descr) State of the sea description (State sea descr) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 1244 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] ff [m/s] - Watch Glasses Distance [arbitrary units] Decl [deg] Wind dir descr Wind force descr ww Precip descr State sea descr Gusts Rain Fog Snow Thunder Hail Sea ice ID 1798-08-19T00:00 -36.13 -54.75 59 2.6 PV 8 77.00 14 NE FLOJITO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72079 1798-08-20T00:00 -36.35 -53.07 37 4.6 PV 8 83.00 14 NNE FLOJO CARGADOS RELÁMPAGOS LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72080 1798-08-20T23:00 -35.82 -50.99 57 2.6 PV 8 106.00 12 NE FLOJITO CARGADOS DE MAL SEMBLANTE CUASI CALMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72081 1798-08-21T23:00 -34.08 -49.32 125 12.3 PV 8 132.00 12 ESE FRESCO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72082 1798-08-22T23:00 -33.90 -49.19 80 15.4 PV 8 37.00 12 ENE FRESCACHÓN CONTINUAS LLUVIAS GRUESA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72083 1798-08-23T23:00 -33.08 -46.52 258 15.4 PV 8 142.00 10 OSO RECIO CONTRASTADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72084 1798-08-24T23:00 -31.60 -42.60 256 12.3 PV 8 216.00 8 OSO FRESCO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72085 1798-08-25T23:00 -30.28 -39.35 254 12.3 PV 8 186.00 6 OSO FRESCO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72086 1798-08-26T22:00 -28.97 -36.64 228 9.3 PV 8 161.00 3 SO FRESQUITO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72087 1798-08-27T22:00 -27.82 -36.62 116 4.6 PV 8 94.00 3 ESE FLOJO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72088 1798-08-28T22:00 -28.47 -35.97 71 9.3 PV 8 51.00 3 ENE FRESQUITO AGUACEROS CONTRASTADA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72089 1798-08-29T22:00 -28.87 -35.27 48 2.6 PV 8 40.00 3 NE CALMOSO AGUACEROS CONTRASTADA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72090 1798-08-30T22:00 -27.60 -34.90 116 4.6 PV 8 78.00 3 ESE FLOJO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72091 1798-08-31T22:00 -25.95 -34.97 92 9.3 PV 8 99.00 2 E FRESQUITO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72092 1798-09-01T22:00 -23.85 -35.52 70 9.3 PV 8 119.00 2 ENE FRESQUITO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72093 1798-09-02T22:00 -21.77 -36.10 45 4.6 PV 8 129.00 0 NE FLOJO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72094 1798-09-03T22:00 -20.23 -36.59 68 2.6 PV 8 96.00 0 ENE FLOJITO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72095 1798-09-04T22:00 -19.97 -36.29 45 4.6 PV 8 22.00 0 NE FLOJO ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72096 1798-09-05T22:00 -20.23 -35.64 68 PV 8 40.00 0 NE AL ENE VARIABLES ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72097 1798-09-06T22:00 -19.70 -35.79 68 9.3 PV 8 86.00 0 ENE FRESQUITO DEL NE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72098 1798-09-07T22:00 -18.40 -35.87 68 9.3 PV 8 79.00 0 DEL E AL ENE FRESQUITO ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72099 1798-09-08T22:00 -17.45 -35.85 67 12.3 PV 8 74.00 -1 ENE DE TODA VELA MAREJADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72100 1798-09-09T22:00 -16.33 -35.62 67 PV 8 66.00 -1 NE AL ENE VARIABLES DEL NE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72101 1798-09-10T22:00 -15.20 -35.09 89 2.6 PV 8 80.00 -1 E FLOJITO ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72102 1798-09-11T22:00 -13.40 -33.84 89 PV 8 123.00 -1 E VARIABLES LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72103 1798-09-12T22:00 -12.48 -32.90 133 4.6 PV 8 85.00 -2 SE FLOJO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72104 1798-09-13T22:00 -11.55 -32.77 133 PV 8 49.00 -2 SE VARIABLES LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72105 1798-09-14T22:00 -10.33 -32.44 64 6.7 PV 8 87.00 -4 ENE BONANCIBLE LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72106 1798-09-15T22:00 -9.35 -33.04 66 4.6 PV 8 -2 E AL ENE FLOJO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72107 1798-09-16T22:00 -8.47 -33.64 88 6.7 PV 8 -2 E BONANCIBLE LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72108 1798-09-17T22:00 -7.58 -34.24 111 2.6 PV 8 99.00 -2 ESE FLOJITO CARGADOS BRISADOS ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72109 1798-09-18T22:00 -5.83 -32.89 132 4.6 PV 8 128.00 -3 SE FLOJO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72110 1798-09-19T22:00 -3.22 -31.50 130 4.6 PV 8 151.00 -5 SE FLOJO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72111 1798-09-20T22:00 -0.57 -30.60 129 12.3 PV 8 185.00 -6 SE FRESCO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72112 1798-09-21T22:00 2.10 -29.84 129 12.3 PV 8 160.00 -6 SE FRESCO ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72113 1798-09-22T22:00 4.58 -29.15 172 9.3 PV 8 155.00 -8 S FRESQUITO PROPORCIONADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72114 1798-09-23T22:00 6.93 -28.52 195 9.3 PV 8 146.00 -8 SSO FRESQUITO PROPORCIONADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72115 1798-09-24T22:00 8.18 -28.19 171 9.3 PV 8 77.00 -9 S FRESQUITO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72116 1798-09-25T22:00 8.53 -28.27 59 2.6 PV 8 22.00 -9 ENE CALMOSO AGUACEROS ALGO PICADA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72117 1798-09-26T22:00 8.82 -28.69 36 2.6 PV 8 29.00 -9 NE CALMOSO AGUACEROS ALGO PICADA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72118 1798-09-27T22:00 9.67 -28.60 14 2.6 PV 8 50.00 -9 NNE CALMOSO AGUACEROS LLANA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72119 1798-09-28T22:00 11.23 -28.32 126 PV 8 68.00 -9 S AL SE VARIABLES CHUBASCOS LLANA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72120 1798-09-29T22:00 11.78 -28.57 59 2.6 PV 8 15.00 -9 ENE CALMOSO DEL NE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72121 1798-09-30T22:00 13.27 -29.27 58 2.6 PV 8 87.00 -10 ENE FLOJITO DEL NE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72122 1798-10-01T22:00 14.78 -29.79 58 2.6 PV 8 95.00 -10 ENE FLOJITO ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72123 1798-10-02T22:00 16.68 -30.55 58 9.3 PV 8 120.00 -10 ENE FRESQUITO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72124 1798-10-03T22:00 18.67 -31.69 56 9.3 PV 8 138.00 -12 ENE FRESQUITO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72125 1798-10-04T22:00 20.28 -32.74 39 9.3 PV 8 113.00 -9 NE 1/4 E FRESQUITO PROPORCIONADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72126 1798-10-05T22:00 20.88 -33.02 36 2.6 PV 8 40.00 -9 NE FLOJITO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72127 1798-10-06T22:00 21.43 -32.90 216 2.6 PV 8 50.00 -9 SO CALMOSO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72128 1798-10-07T22:00 22.62 -32.67 214 2.6 PV 8 68.00 -11 SO FLOJITO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72129 1798-10-08T22:00 24.42 -32.27 234 6.7 PV 8 119.00 -14 SO AL OSO BONANCIBLE GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72130 1798-10-09T22:00 26.67 -31.84 211 9.3 PV 8 145.00 -14 SO FRESQUITO CARGADOS DE MAL SEMBLANTE CHUBASCOS DE AGUAS CON RELÁMPAGOS Y TRUENOS GRUESA 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 72131 1798-10-10T22:00 28.92 -31.45 209 12.3 PV 8 138.00 -16 SO FRESCO CHUBASCOS DE AGUAS CON RELÁMPAGOS Y TRUENOS CONTRASTADA 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 72132 1798-10-11T22:00 30.90 -30.67 232 12.3 PV 8 126.00 -16 OSO FRESCO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72133 1798-10-12T22:00 32.62 -29.60 275 PV 8 117.00 -18 NO AL ONO VARIABLES GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72134 1798-10-13T22:00 32.65 -28.84 320 PV 8 47.00 -18 NO AL NNO VARIABLES DEL NO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72135 1798-10-14T22:00 32.73 -28.15 27 12.3 PV 8 28.00 -18 NE DE TODA VELA LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72136 1798-10-15T22:00 33.85 -28.17 50 6.7 PV 8 75.00 -18 DEL E AL ENE BONANCIBLE LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72137 1798-10-16T22:00 34.67 -27.24 94 PV 8 66.00 -19 SE AL ESE VARIABLES ALGUNOS AGUACEROS GRUESA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72138 1798-10-17T22:00 35.15 -25.74 296 4.6 PV 8 77.00 -19 NO FLOJO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72139 1798-10-18T22:00 34.60 -24.52 49 12.3 PV 8 64.00 -19 ENE FRESCO AGUACEROS LLANA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72140 1798-10-19T22:00 35.67 -23.69 74 6.7 PV 8 75.00 -19 E 1/4 SE BONANCIBLE LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72141 1798-10-20T21:00 36.23 -19.82 157 2.6 PV 8 141.00 -20 S 1/4 SE FLOJITO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72142 1798-10-21T21:00 38.50 -17.74 158 12.3 PV 8 191.00 -22 S FRESCO LLANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72143 1798-10-22T21:00 39.82 -14.40 136 12.3 PV 8 174.00 -22 SSE FRESCO AGUACEROS GRUESA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72144 1798-10-23T21:00 40.98 -12.32 158 6.7 PV 8 114.00 -22 S BONANCIBLE GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72145 1798-10-24T21:00 41.67 -12.27 1 2.6 PV 8 41.00 -22 DEL N AL NNE FLOJITO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72146 1798-10-25T21:00 43.12 -10.10 179 9.3 PV 8 130.00 -24 SSO FRESQUITO LLOVIZNAS DEL NO 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72147 1798-10-26T21:00 43.13 -9.60 359 2.6 PV 8 30.00 -24 DEL N AL NNE CALMOSO GRUESA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72148 1798-10-27T00:00 45 PV 8 NNE AL NE VARIABLES CHUBASCOS DE LLUVIAS GRUESA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72149 1798-10-28T00:00 203 12.3 PV 8 DEL S AL SSO FRESCO AGUACEROS GRUESA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 72150 1798-10-29T00:00 225 2.6 1 PV 8 DEL S AL SO FLOJITO ALGO PICADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72151