/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during DUNKIRK cruise from Senegal Road to Spithead started at 1759-01-23. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748725, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 37.642857 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -20.635714 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 16.100000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -35.430000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 49.950000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -7.200000 DATE/TIME START: 1759-01-23T13:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1759-02-26T12:00:00 Event(s): Dunkirk_17590123_NMM_ADM/L/D295 * LATITUDE START: 16.100000 * LONGITUDE START: -17.810000 * LATITUDE END: 50.680000 * LONGITUDE END: -0.960000 * DATE/TIME START: 1759-01-23T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1759-02-26T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Dunkirk (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Senegal Road - Spithead, 1st Observer: Robert Digby (Captain), 2nd Observer: Barnabas Fenwick (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 60G, 1216BM Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Present weather (ww) * COMMENT: Weather description Precipitation description (Precip descr) State of the sea description (State sea descr) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 672 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) Landmark (Name of first landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) Course (Course of the ship during the...) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) ww (Weather description) Precip descr State sea descr Clearness Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) Rain (1 If rain was reported) Fog (1 If fog was reported) Snow (1 If snow was reported) Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) Hail (1 If hail was reported) Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) 1759-01-23T13:00 16.10 -17.81 25 6.7 SENEGAL S75E 23 N75W 23.00 -9 NE, NEBN MODERATE HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63735 1759-01-24T13:00 16.82 -19.16 36 4.6 SENEGAL S64E 37 N61W 88.00 -9 NNE, NEBN, NE FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER GENTLE GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63736 1759-01-25T13:00 17.22 -18.91 36 6.7 SENEGAL S50E 37 N29E 29.00 -9 NW, NEBE, NEBN, NNE, NE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63737 1759-01-26T13:00 17.90 -18.86 328 6.7 SENEGAL S36E 47 N4E 41.00 -10 NE, NNE, NNW MODERATE HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63738 1759-01-27T13:00 18.42 -19.11 35 9.3 SENEGAL S33E 58 N25W 34.00 -10 NW, NEBE, NNE, NBE, NE FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63739 1759-01-28T13:00 19.95 -20.98 46 19.0 SENEGAL S40E 104 N49W 140.00 -10 NEBN, NNE, NE, NEBE FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63740 1759-01-29T14:00 21.97 -23.31 48 19.0 SENEGAL S43E 163 N47W 179.00 -8 NEBE FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63741 1759-01-30T14:00 24.27 -25.38 25 6.7 SENEGAL S42W 220 N50W 180.00 -9 ENE, NEBN MODERATE FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63742 1759-01-31T14:00 26.12 -27.21 362 SENEGAL S42E 273 N42W 150.00 -9 NE, NEBE, ENE, VARIABLE FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY MIDDLE SMALL RAIN FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63743 1759-02-01T14:00 28.47 -28.66 47 19.0 SENEGAL S40E 323 N30W 154.00 -9 ENE, NEBE FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63744 1759-02-02T14:00 30.25 -29.91 81 2.6 SENEGAL N39E 366 N30W 132.00 -9 NE, ENE, E FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE GALES, LATTER LITTLE WIND FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63745 1759-02-03T14:00 31.85 -30.46 149 15.4 SENEGAL N37E 397 N16W 100.00 -9 E, SEBS, SSE MODERATE GALES FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63746 1759-02-04T14:00 33.43 -31.00 147 6.7 SENEGAL S35W 427 N16W 99.00 -11 VARIABLE, CALM, SW, SSE FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE MIDDLE RAIN LATTER FAIR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63747 1759-02-05T14:00 35.20 -32.18 135 2.6 SENEGAL S35E 467 N29E 122.00 -11 SEBE, SE, SEBS FIRST PART GENTLE GALES, LATTER LITTLE WIND MIDDLE SMALL RAIN FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63748 1759-02-06T14:00 36.03 -33.50 193 6.7 SENEGAL S36E 494 N52W 82.00 -10 SE, SBE, S, SBW, SSW FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS GENTLE BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63749 1759-02-07T14:00 38.37 -34.23 281 1.0 SENEGAL S35E 522 N24W 87.00 -12 SWBS, SSW, SW, WSW, WNW FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER LIGHT AIRS FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63750 1759-02-08T14:00 40.23 -35.43 213 CORVO S83E 54 N18W 184.00 -12 WBN, NWBN, SW FIRST PART MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER SQUALLY LATTER SMALL RAIN FIRST PART HAZY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63751 1759-02-09T14:00 41.65 -32.08 302 22.6 CORVO S3E 35 N61E 174.00 -13 WSW, NW STRONG GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63752 1759-02-10T14:00 43.00 -28.51 18 LIZARD N65E 326 N63E 178.00 -16 NW, WNW, WSW, N, NEBN FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63753 1759-02-11T14:00 44.43 -25.31 186 LIZARD N67E 290 N58E 164.00 -17 NE, NEBE, S, SSW FIRST PART FRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLY FIRST PART RAIN, MIDDLE MUCH RAIN, LATTER SMALL RAIN FIRST AND MIDDE PARTS HAZY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63754 1759-02-12T13:00 46.80 -21.05 129 22.6 LIZARD N72E 248 N69E 212.00 -17 SBE, SEBS FIRST PART FRESH GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES MIDDLE FOGGY FIRST AND LATTER HAZY 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 63755 1759-02-13T13:00 48.77 -18.45 54 19.0 LIZARD N81E 164 N45E 168.00 -19 ENE, ENE1/2E, EBN, EBN1/2N FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63756 1759-02-14T13:00 49.73 -16.98 161 19.0 LIZARD N88E 149 N44E 81.00 -19 SSE, EBN, SBE, S FRESH GALES LARGE SWELL FROM S HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63757 1759-02-15T13:00 49.93 -14.50 150 19.0 LIZARD N89E 109 N83E 99.00 -19 SSW, S, SBE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES LATTER THICK HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63758 1759-02-16T13:00 49.95 -12.50 172 6.7 SCILLY N89E 70 N89E 78.00 -19 SBE, S, SBW FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS RAIN LATTER HAZY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63759 1759-02-17T13:00 49.78 -12.25 94 2.6 SCILLY N86E 66 S45E 14.00 -19 SSW, SW, SBW, CALM, ESE FIRST AND LATTER PARTS LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63760 1759-02-18T13:00 48.97 -12.31 240 SCILLY N73E 72 S8W 53.00 -19 SEBE, VARIABLE, ESE, EBS, WBS FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLY LATTER RAIN FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63761 1759-02-19T13:00 48.62 -12.38 94 SCILLY N68E 74 S6E 21.00 -19 SEBE, ESE FIRST PART FRESH GALES FIRST PART THICK HAZY WEATHER, MIDDLE AND LATTER C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63762 1759-02-20T13:00 48.33 -12.33 94 19.0 SCILLY N56E 82 S7E 17.00 -19 SEBE, SWBS, ESE FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES SMALL RAIN FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63763 1759-02-21T13:00 48.23 -11.88 37 19.0 SCILLY N54E 88 S7W 54.00 -19 SEBE, SBE, E, EBN, NEBE FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES MIDDLE PARTS SMALL RAIN FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63764 1759-02-22T13:00 48.13 -11.43 139 4.6 SCILLY N56E 68 N47E 61.00 -19 S, CALM, SSW, SSE FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS, MIDDLE AND LATTER GENTLE GALES. AT 10 A BREEZE SPRANG UP MIDDLE AND LATTER DRIZZLING RAIN MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63765 1759-02-23T13:00 49.57 -9.30 94 19.0 SCILLY N72E 30 N44E 120.00 -19 SWBW, SW, VARIABLE, SEBS, ESE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS GENTLE GALES, LATTER FRESH GALES FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63766 1759-02-24T13:00 49.68 -9.21 37 SCILLY N77E 27 N24E 10.00 -19 S, SEBE, NE, SW1/2W, SW, NEBE FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY LATTER RAIN FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER THICK WEATHER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63767 1759-02-25T13:00 49.63 -8.48 150 1.0 SCILLY N67E 18 S24E 28.00 -19 S, VARIABLE, SSE, SBE FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS FIRST PART RAIN FIRST PART THICK WEATHER, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63768 1759-02-26T12:00 49.70 -7.20 172 SCILLY N68E 18 S68W 39.00 -19 SSE, SBE, S, WSW, SBW FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63769