/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during DADALUS cruise from Funchal to Barbados started at 1796-01-30. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748430, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 7.497115 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -23.067885 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -4.520000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -58.500000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 32.270000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -1.130000 DATE/TIME START: 1796-01-30T13:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1796-06-03T16:00:00 Event(s): Dadalus_17960130_NMM_ADM/L/D2 * LATITUDE START: 32.270000 * LONGITUDE START: -16.930000 * LATITUDE END: 14.850000 * LONGITUDE END: -59.680000 * DATE/TIME START: 1796-01-30T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1796-06-03T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Dadalus (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Funchal - Barbados, 1st Observer: George Countess (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 32G 689BM Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Precipitation description (Precip descr) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 985 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) Landmark (Name of first landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) Course (Course of the ship during the...) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) Precip descr Clearness Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) Rain (1 If rain was reported) Fog (1 If fog was reported) Snow (1 If snow was reported) Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) Hail (1 If hail was reported) Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) 1796-01-30T13:00 32.27 -16.93 262 19.0 FUNCHAL N6E 8 S6W 22.00 -19 WBN MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48118 1796-01-31T13:00 29.72 -17.45 262 9.3 FUNCHAL N9E 59 S10W 156.00 -19 WNW, WBN FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48119 1796-02-01T13:00 28.83 -17.47 274 6.7 PEAK OF TENERIFF S54W 15 -19 N, WNW MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48120 1796-02-02T13:00 26.55 -17.52 17 6.7 PEAK OF TENERIFF N16E 39 S16W 118.00 -17 ESE, NEBN MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48121 1796-02-03T13:00 24.35 -19.35 73 9.3 PEAK OF TENERIFF N28E 92 S37W 165.00 -17 E FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48122 1796-02-04T13:00 21.88 -21.60 74 9.3 PEAK OF TENERIFF N33E 156 S40W 193.00 -16 E FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48123 1796-02-05T14:00 19.73 -23.15 65 9.3 PEAK OF TENERIFF N32E 205 S30W 149.00 -14 EBN FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48124 1796-02-06T14:00 17.33 -23.52 56 6.7 BONAVISTA S17E 26 S13W 148.00 -12 ENE MODERATE HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48125 1796-02-07T14:00 15.75 -22.63 78 6.7 BONAVISTA N25W 6 S25E 17.00 -12 NE, E MODERATE HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48126 1796-02-08T13:00 13.65 -20.93 54 9.3 BONAVISTA N37W 59 S41E 166.00 -14 ENE FRESH BREEZES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48127 1796-02-09T13:00 11.80 -19.74 43 9.3 BONAVISTA N41W 111 S47E 111.00 -13 NEBE FRESH BREEZES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48128 1796-02-10T13:00 10.35 -17.33 19 6.7 BONAVISTA N43W 155 S47E 127.00 -15 NEBN MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48129 1796-02-11T13:00 9.60 -16.52 8 2.6 CAPE VERGUE, AFRICA N81E 33 S47E 66.00 -15 NNE LIGHT WINDS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48130 1796-02-12T13:00 8.98 -15.83 30 2.6 CAPE VERGUE, AFRICA N46E 25 S48E 55.00 -15 NW, NE LIGHT WINDS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48131 1796-02-13T13:00 8.42 -15.18 199 2.6 CAPE ST ANN S55E 46 S49E 51.00 -15 SWBS LIGHT WINDS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48132 1796-02-14T13:00 7.45 -14.15 266 6.7 CAPE ST ANN S69E 19 S47E 85.00 -15 NNE, WBN MODERATE HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48133 1796-02-15T13:00 6.93 -13.30 30 2.6 CAPE MOUNT S86E 53 S59E 60.00 -15 NE LIGHT WINDS CLOUDY, HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48134 1796-02-16T13:00 6.77 -12.95 8 2.6 CAPE MOUNT E 46 S64E 23.00 -15 NW, NNE LIGHT WINDS CLOUDY, HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48135 1796-05-01T12:00 0.83 -1.13 362 6.7 ST THOMAS S83E 23 N83W 69.00 -19 SSW, VARIABLE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48136 1796-05-02T12:00 0.98 -2.12 161 6.7 ST THOMAS S82E 43 N81W 60.00 -19 S MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48137 1796-05-03T12:00 0.87 -3.10 151 6.7 ST THOMAS S87E 62 S83W 59.00 -18 SSW, SBE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48138 1796-05-04T12:00 0.20 -4.12 162 6.7 ST THOMAS N83E 83 S57W 73.00 -18 SBE, SBW, S MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48139 1796-05-05T12:00 -0.07 -5.37 162 6.7 ST THOMAS N82E 108 S78W 77.00 -18 SBW, S MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48140 1796-05-06T12:00 0.00 -6.60 207 6.7 ST THOMAS N84E 132 N87W 74.00 -18 SW MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48141 1796-05-07T12:00 0.03 -7.45 196 6.7 ST THOMAS N85E 149 N88W 51.00 -18 SWBS MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48142 1796-05-08T13:00 -0.20 -8.18 175 6.7 ST THOMAS N84E 165 S72W 46.00 -16 SW, SBW MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48143 1796-05-09T13:00 -0.75 -9.20 164 6.7 ST THOMAS N81E 186 S62W 69.00 -16 S MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48144 1796-05-10T13:00 -1.52 -10.30 153 6.7 ST THOMAS N78E 211 S55W 81.00 -16 SBE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48145 1796-05-11T13:00 -2.95 -12.07 142 9.3 ST THOMAS N73E 252 S50W 137.00 -16 SSE FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48146 1796-05-12T13:00 -4.37 -14.40 133 9.3 ST THOMAS N71E 305 S59W 164.00 -13 SEBS FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48147 1796-05-13T13:00 -4.52 -17.07 145 6.7 ST THOMAS N73E 357 S89W 160.00 -13 SSE MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48148 1796-05-14T13:00 -4.47 -19.38 147 6.7 ST THOMAS N76E 402 N89W 139.00 -11 SSE MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48149 1796-05-15T13:00 -4.42 -21.80 124 6.7 ST THOMAS N77E 448 N89W 145.00 -11 SE MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48150 1796-05-16T14:00 -4.18 -24.25 127 6.7 ST THOMAS N79E 494 N85W 148.00 -8 SE MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48151 1796-05-17T14:00 -3.90 -26.85 127 9.3 ST THOMAS N80E 546 N84W 157.00 -8 E, SE FRESH BREEZES CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48152 1796-05-18T14:00 -2.20 -28.13 107 9.3 ST THOMAS N84E 565 S49W 155.00 -6 NEBE, E, ESE FRESH BREEZES CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48153 1796-05-19T14:00 -0.35 -30.18 95 9.3 ST THOMAS N88E 604 N48W 166.00 -6 ENE, EBS FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48154 1796-05-20T14:00 1.40 -31.55 107 6.7 ST THOMAS S89E 631 N38W 133.00 -6 E, ESE MODERATE FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48155 1796-05-21T14:00 2.28 -32.19 84 2.6 ST THOMAS S87E 641 N29W 61.00 -6 NBE, NEBE, E LIGHT WINDS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48156 1796-05-22T14:00 3.17 -32.50 61 2.6 ST THOMAS S86E 646 N11W 54.00 -7 ESE, SE, ENE LIGHT WINDS FAIR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48157 1796-05-23T14:00 4.28 -32.79 130 2.6 BARBADOS N72W 563 N8W 68.00 -5 VARIABLE, ESE, SE LIGHT WINDS SHOWERS OF RAIN CLOUDY 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 48158 1796-05-24T14:00 5.03 -34.18 40 6.7 BARBADOS N72W 535 N59W 87.00 -5 NNE, NE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48159 1796-05-25T14:00 6.07 -35.75 40 6.7 BARBADOS N74W 500 N54W 106.00 -5 NE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48160 1796-05-26T15:00 7.48 -37.93 43 9.3 BARBADOS N76W 453 N55W 149.00 -2 NE FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48161 1796-05-27T15:00 8.37 -39.27 42 19.0 BARBADOS N77W 426 N51W 84.00 -4 SW, VARIABLE, NE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY HEAVY RAIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 48162 1796-05-28T15:00 9.12 -41.21 65 9.3 BARBADOS N79W 386 N68W 123.00 -4 NE, ENE FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48163 1796-05-29T15:00 10.42 -43.55 44 9.3 BARBADOS N81W 346 N59W 152.00 -1 NE FRESH BREEZES CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48164 1796-05-30T15:00 11.57 -46.19 44 19.0 BARBADOS N84W 288 N65W 163.00 -1 NE FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48165 1796-05-31T15:00 12.52 -49.11 67 19.0 BARBADOS N87W 231 N70W 173.00 -1 ENE FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48166 1796-06-01T15:00 12.97 -52.22 44 19.0 BARBADOS W 181 N81W 176.00 -1 NE FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48167 1796-06-02T16:00 12.90 -55.34 69 19.0 BARBADOS W 123 S89W 174.00 1 ENE FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48168 1796-06-03T16:00 12.90 -58.50 71 19.0 BARBADOS W 64 W 176.00 3 ENE FRESH GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48169