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Goldhammer, Tobias; Brüchert, Volker; Ferdelman, Timothy G; Zabel, Matthias (2010): (Figure 1 and 2) Phosphorus pools in the investigated sediments quantified by SEDEX sequential extraction and distribution of recovered 33P spike between sedimentary P pools after incubation. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746020, Supplement to: Goldhammer, T et al. (2010): Microbial sequestration of phosphorus in anoxic upwelling sediments. Nature Geoscience, 3(8), 557-561, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo913

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Abstract:
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for life. In the ocean, phosphorus burial regulates marine primary production**1, 2. Phosphorus is removed from the ocean by sedimentation of organic matter, and the subsequent conversion of organic phosphorus to phosphate minerals such as apatite, and ultimately phosphorite deposits**3, 4. Bacteria are thought to mediate these processes**5, but the mechanism of sequestration has remained unclear. Here, we present results from laboratory incubations in which we labelled organic-rich sediments from the Benguela upwelling system, Namibia, with a 33P-radiotracer, and tracked the fate of the phosphorus. We show that under both anoxic and oxic conditions, large sulphide-oxidizing bacteria accumulate 33P in their cells, and catalyse the nearly instantaneous conversion of phosphate to apatite. Apatite formation was greatest under anoxic conditions. Nutrient analyses of Namibian upwelling waters and sediments suggest that the rate of phosphate-to-apatite conversion beneath anoxic bottom waters exceeds the rate of phosphorus release during organic matter mineralization in the upper sediment layers. We suggest that bacterial apatite formation is a significant phosphorus sink under anoxic bottom-water conditions. Expanding oxygen minimum zones are projected in simulations of future climate change**6, potentially increasing sequestration of marine phosphate, and restricting marine productivity.
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -20.003915 * Median Longitude: 0.626665 * South-bound Latitude: -21.007830 * West-bound Longitude: -12.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -19.000000 * East-bound Longitude: 13.253330
Date/Time Start: 2008-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2008-05-27T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.005 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.055 m
Event(s):
M76/2_223  * Latitude: -19.000000 * Longitude: -12.000000 * Date/Time: 2008-05-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -119.0 m * Campaign: M76/2 * Basis: Meteor (1986) * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)
M76/2_231  * Latitude: -21.007830 * Longitude: 13.253330 * Date/Time: 2008-05-27T00:00:00 * Elevation: -123.0 m * Location: Namibia upwelling, Southeast Atlantic * Campaign: M76/2 * Basis: Meteor (1986) * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)
Comment:
Methods
Surficial sediment was sampled during research cruise M76-2 with RV Meteor with a multi-core sampler. Sediment slurries were prepared with bottom water from 1 cm slices of the topmost 6 cm, spiked with carrier-free 33Pi and incubated under anoxic and oxic conditions for 48 h at 4°C, together with killed controls. After incubation, samples were fixed with zinc chloride, immediately frozen and transported to the laboratory for sequential extraction of sedimentary Pi pools. For each of the sequential fractions, we recorded Pi concentrations by photometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and calculated the size of individual P pools. The redistribution of 33Pi radiolabel among the different P fractions was quantified by liquid scintillation counting of the extractant solutions, after recalculation of the initial activity assuming exponential radioactive decay.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEvent
Latitude of eventLatitude
Longitude of eventLongitude
Elevation of eventElevationm
DEPTH, sediment/rockDepth sedmGeocode
CommentCommentGoldhammer, Tobias
Phosphorus, inorganicP inorgnmol/cm3Goldhammer, TobiasSequential leaching techniqueDissolved
Phosphorus, inorganicP inorgnmol/cm3Goldhammer, TobiasSequential leaching techniqueExchangeable
Phosphorus, inorganicP inorgnmol/cm3Goldhammer, TobiasSequential leaching techniqueFe-bound
10 Phosphorus, inorganicP inorgnmol/cm3Goldhammer, TobiasSequential leaching techniqueAuthigenic
11 Phosphorus, inorganicP inorgnmol/cm3Goldhammer, TobiasSequential leaching techniqueDetrital
12 Phosphorus, inorganicP inorgnmol/cm3Goldhammer, TobiasSequential leaching techniqueOrganic
13 Phosphorus, inorganic, activityP inorg actBqGoldhammer, TobiasLiquid scintillationDissolved
14 Phosphorus, inorganic, activityP inorg actBqGoldhammer, TobiasLiquid scintillationExchangeable
15 Phosphorus, inorganic, activityP inorg actBqGoldhammer, TobiasLiquid scintillationFe-bound
16 Phosphorus, inorganic, activityP inorg actBqGoldhammer, TobiasLiquid scintillationAuthigenic
17 Phosphorus, inorganic, activityP inorg actBqGoldhammer, TobiasLiquid scintillationDetrital
18 Phosphorus, inorganic, activityP inorg actBqGoldhammer, TobiasLiquid scintillationOrganic
Size:
468 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation [m]

Depth sed [m]

Comment

P inorg [nmol/cm3]
(Dissolved, Sequential leachin...)

P inorg [nmol/cm3]
(Exchangeable, Sequential leac...)

P inorg [nmol/cm3]
(Fe-bound, Sequential leaching...)
10 
P inorg [nmol/cm3]
(Authigenic, Sequential leachi...)
11 
P inorg [nmol/cm3]
(Detrital, Sequential leaching...)
12 
P inorg [nmol/cm3]
(Organic, Sequential leaching ...)
13 
P inorg act [Bq]
(Dissolved, Liquid scintillation)
14 
P inorg act [Bq]
(Exchangeable, Liquid scintill...)
15 
P inorg act [Bq]
(Fe-bound, Liquid scintillation)
16 
P inorg act [Bq]
(Authigenic, Liquid scintillation)
17 
P inorg act [Bq]
(Detrital, Liquid scintillation)
18 
P inorg act [Bq]
(Organic, Liquid scintillation)
M76/2_223 -19.0000-12.0000-1190.005anoxic96671030525249115928338016779040151
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.015anoxic9850181818291261269212699629842857205
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.025anoxic12145249625981695422686160368555133114
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.035anoxic2204217693620217551132943319792172471273
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.045anoxic1383512162273157038082691877964143351185
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.055anoxic1693311493877243840022133117409156968264
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.005oxic813179135211923532306415819092314300137567
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.015oxic825165181619967563377368112876329449164456
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.025oxic1023167307627658974205443113765012666196313
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.035oxic82515322562576693283140615833147441145433
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.045oxic910151187928719213410326914734488698198572
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.055oxic652134246936299923334261412764991588174499
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.005control21410176881478372656221441762766481002316
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.015control47923451374227610061906172921957379401282516
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.025control4862028114219268232040199792091796751482431
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.035control505315411511947935198016885211707260142249
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.045control343339317892254105219211521222312107611462810
M76/2_223-19.0000-12.0000-1190.055control35630601621234515491903107261960295741742914
M76/2_231 -21.007813.2533-1230.005anoxic5910592062564159005661224498222162139356
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.015anoxic10994019011582406370183112974851424738115
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.025anoxic55916210620823873031630117541018930143141
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.035anoxic131804207720861575579717905133073883268
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.045anoxic23796205518491566258446922135533632136
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.055anoxic91632241122001575576644537140706672626
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.005oxic1511024227670418885511920400736017986271
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.015oxic12696824427341712757240209691092721373233
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.025oxic14510772708749954066657238261032423879246
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.035oxic208113321681687976445455203681108737283250
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.045oxic898462140890055086232225731263035283225
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.055oxic15384424069421849996457198541404839684208
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.005control28127852935882169162765071106841520
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.015control268442115876968214626198968622401
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.025control3023554260698138183464021282981048
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.035control2334374174984138147571171215128904
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.045control912883184445221254773741072128505
M76/2_231-21.007813.2533-1230.055control2253507201173782132973051799157921