Citation:

j.epsl.2009.11.006

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Abstract:

We investigated the influences of temperature, salinity and pH on the calcium isotope as well as trace and minor element (uranium, strontium, magnesium) to Ca ratios on calcium carbonate cysts of the calcareous dinoflagellate species Thoracosphaera heimii grown in laboratory cultures. The natural habitat of this species is the photic zone (preferentially at the chlorophyll maximum depth) of temperate to tropical oceans, and it is abundant in deep-sea sediments over the entire Cenozoic. In our experiments, temperatures ranged from 12 to 30 °C, salinity from 36.5 to 38.8 and pH from 7.9 to 8.4. The delta44/40Ca of T. heimii cysts resembles that of other marine calcifiers, including coccolithophores, foraminifers and corals. However, its temperature sensitivity is considerably smaller and statistically insignificant, and T. heimii might serve as a recorder of changes in seawater delta44/40Ca over geologic time. The Sr/Ca ratios of T. heimii cysts show a pronounced temperature sensitivity (0.016 mmol/mol °C**-1) and have the potential to serve as a palaeo-sea surface temperature proxy. No clear temperature- and pH-dependences were observed for Mg/Ca. U/Ca seems to be influenced by temperature and pH, but the correlations change sign at 23 °C and pH 8.2, respectively.

Project(s):

Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 18.650850 * Median Longitude: -11.500000 * South-bound Latitude: 3.000000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 34.301700 * East-bound Longitude: 19.000000

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 0 m

Event(s):

GeoB_strain_92 * Latitude: 34.301700 * Longitude: 19.000000 * Location: Equatorial Atlantic * Campaign: * Basis: * Method/Device: Biology (BIO)

GeoB_strain_116 * Latitude: 3.000000 * Longitude: -42.000000 * Location: Eastern Mediterranean Sea * Campaign: * Basis: * Method/Device: Biology (BIO)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Latitude of event	Latitude
3	Longitude of event	Longitude
4	Elevation of event	Elevation	m
5	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m		Geocode
6	Sample code/label	Sample label		Gussone, Nikolaus
7	Temperature, technical	T tech	°C	Gussone, Nikolaus
8	Salinity	Sal		Gussone, Nikolaus
9	pH	pH		Gussone, Nikolaus
10	Sample mass	Samp m	g	Gussone, Nikolaus	Sample weight
11	δ44/40 Ca	δ44/40 Ca	‰ SRM 915a	Gussone, Nikolaus
12	Standard error	Std e	±	Gussone, Nikolaus	2se
13	Number	No		Gussone, Nikolaus	n
14	δ mu Calcium	δmuCa	ppm/amu	Gussone, Nikolaus
15	Standard error	Std e	±	Gussone, Nikolaus	2se
16	Isotope fractionation between growth medium and carbonate	1000lnalpha		Gussone, Nikolaus
17	-	-		Gussone, Nikolaus	10**6lnalphamu
18	Magnesium/Calcium ratio	Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Gussone, Nikolaus
19	Strontium/Calcium ratio	Sr/Ca	mmol/mol	Gussone, Nikolaus
20	Uranium/Calcium ratio	U/Ca	µmol/mol	Gussone, Nikolaus
21	Magnesium/Calcium ratio	Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Gussone, Nikolaus
22	Strontium/Calcium ratio	Sr/Ca	mmol/mol	Gussone, Nikolaus
23	Uranium/Calcium ratio	U/Ca	µmol/mol	Gussone, Nikolaus
24	Exchange coefficient	Kd		Gussone, Nikolaus	KdMg
25	Exchange coefficient	Kd		Gussone, Nikolaus	KdSr
26	Exchange coefficient	Kd		Gussone, Nikolaus	KdU

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

629 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	6 Sample label	7 T tech [°C]	8 Sal	9 pH	10 Samp m [g] (Sample weight)	11 δ44/40 Ca [‰ SRM 915a]	12 Std e [±] (2se)	13 No (n)	14 δmuCa [ppm/amu]	15 Std e [±] (2se)	16 1000lnalpha	17 - (10**6lnalphamu)	18 Mg/Ca [mmol/mol]	19 Sr/Ca [mmol/mol]	20 U/Ca [µmol/mol]	21 Mg/Ca [mmol/mol]	22 Sr/Ca [mmol/mol]	23 U/Ca [µmol/mol]	24 Kd (KdMg)	25 Kd (KdSr)	26 Kd (KdU)
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	30.0	36.5	7.98	0.0027	0.88	0.04	2	238	12.00	-1.03	-278	6.89	2.43	0.020	6.67	2.37	0.019	0.00128	0.271	0.014
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	27.5	38.2	7.96	0.0042	0.79	0.18	2	212	48.00	-1.15	-308	4.62	2.47	0.035	4.39	2.38	0.033	0.00084	0.272	0.025
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	25.5	37.1	8.13	0.0042	0.82		1	219		-1.12	-301	4.70	2.49	0.054	4.47	2.40	0.051	0.00086	0.274	0.038
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	23.5	37.2	8.17	0.0034	0.65	0.21	2	174	57.00	-1.28	-345	4.09	2.44	0.047	3.93	2.37	0.045	0.00075	0.271	0.034
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	21.5	37.4	8.27	0.0043	0.76	0.35	3	203	95.00	-1.18	-317	4.42	2.36	0.055	4.20	2.27	0.052	0.00080	0.259	0.039
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	19.5	37.6	8.13	0.0031								3.05	2.28	0.039	2.94	2.22	0.038	0.00056	0.253	0.028
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	17.5	37.4	8.08	0.0045	0.71	0.36	2	192	98.00	-1.24	-332	2.62	2.31	0.019	2.48	2.22	0.018	0.00048	0.253	0.013
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	15.0	36.9	8.28	0.0043	0.81	0.05	2	218	13.00	-1.13	-303	4.97	2.27	0.025	4.72	2.18	0.024	0.00090	0.249	0.018
GeoB_strain_116	3.0000	-42.0000	116	12.0	37.0	8.43	0.0036	0.67	0.03	2	181	7.00	-1.26	-340	3.86	2.25	0.018	3.70	2.18	0.017	0.00071	0.249	0.013
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	27.5	37.9	7.95	0.0041	0.86	0.11	2	230	29.00	-1.07	-288	4.37	2.47	0.018	4.16	2.38	0.017	0.00080	0.272	0.013
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	25.5	38.1	7.91	0.0039	0.71		1	190		-1.23	-330	3.39	2.44	0.021	3.24	2.36	0.020	0.00062	0.269	0.015
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	23.5	37.4	8.09	0.0044	0.65	0.12	2	175	32.00	-1.30	-349	3.54	2.45	0.033	3.36	2.36	0.031	0.00064	0.269	0.023
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	21.5	37.3	8.18	0.0042	0.84	0.06	2	225	16.00	-1.10	-294	3.76	2.36	0.035	3.58	2.27	0.033	0.00069	0.260	0.025
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	19.5	37.4	8.22									2.70	2.30	0.029	2.57	2.22	0.028	0.00055	0.238	0.023
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	17.5	37.3	8.32	0.0036	0.75	0.07	3	201	18.00	-1.18	-317	3.78	2.31	0.017	3.62	2.24	0.016	0.00069	0.256	0.012
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	15.0	37.5	8.33	0.0039	0.66	0.07	2	177	20.00	-1.28	-344	3.54	2.28	0.017	3.38	2.20	0.016	0.00065	0.252	0.012
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	12.0	37.4	8.41	0.0041	0.81	0.02	2	218	5.00	-1.13	-302	3.82	2.25	0.015	3.64	2.17	0.014	0.00070	0.248	0.011
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	30.0	38.5	8.02	0.0042	0.71	0.23	2	190	62.00	-1.23	-331	7.35	2.41	0.015	6.99	2.32	0.014	0.00134	0.265	0.011
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	27.5	37.8	8.21	0.0044	0.79		1	213		-1.15	-309	4.76	2.49	0.026	4.52	2.40	0.025	0.00087	0.274	0.018
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	25.5	37.7	8.10	0.0045	0.58	0.00	2	157	1.00	-1.37	-369	4.01	2.45	0.028	3.80	2.36	0.027	0.00073	0.269	0.020
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	23.5	37.9	8.15	0.0047	0.58		1	156		-1.38	-370	3.45	2.43	0.034	3.26	2.33	0.032	0.00062	0.266	0.024
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	21.5	37.4	8.21	0.0043	0.76	0.12	2	205	33.00	-1.18	-317	4.23	2.33	0.054	4.02	2.24	0.051	0.00077	0.256	0.038
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	19.5	37.4	8.17	0.0051	0.70	0.12	3	189	32.00	-1.26	-338	3.36	2.33	0.031	3.16	2.23	0.029	0.00061	0.254	0.022
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	17.5	37.3	8.28	0.0045	0.69	0.15	3	185	39.00	-1.26	-338	3.94	2.27	0.032	3.73	2.18	0.030	0.00072	0.249	0.023
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	15.0	37.4	8.29	0.0045	0.64	0.02	2	172	5.00	-1.31	-352	3.60	2.27	0.023	3.41	2.18	0.022	0.00065	0.249	0.016
GeoB_strain_92	34.3017	19.0000	92	12.0	36.4	8.38	0.0041	0.55	0.10	2	149	26.00	-1.40	-376	3.70	2.24	0.013	3.52	2.16	0.012	0.00068	0.247	0.009
			116	30.0	38.5	8.08	0.0023	0.62	0.13	3	166	35.00	-1.30	-348
			116	27.5	36.4	8.15	0.0035	0.77	0.01	2	208	4.00	-1.16	-311
			116	25.5	37.2	8.18	0.0043	0.69	0.07	2	185	19.00	-1.25	-337
			116	23.5	37.2	8.28	0.0042	0.75	0.06	3	202	17.00	-1.19	-320
			116	21.5	37.1	8.05	0.0044	0.68	0.04	2	184	10.00	-1.27	-340
			116	19.5	37.5	8.12	0.0049	0.71	0.22	2	192	58.00	-1.24	-334
			116	17.5	37.3	8.28	0.0040	0.75		1	202		-1.19	-319
			116	15.0	37.1	8.43	0.0038	0.66	0.04	2	178	10.00	-1.28	-343
			116	12.0	37.4	8.33	0.0042	0.61	0.06	3	163	15.00	-1.34	-359