/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Comeau, Steeve; Jeffree, Ross; Teyssié, Jean-Louis; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2010): Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes during experiments with Limacina helicina, 2009. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.744720, In: EPOCA Arctic experiment 2009 team (2009): EPOCA 2009 Svalbard benthic experiment. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.745083 Abstract: Thecosome pteropods (pelagic mollusks) can play a key role in the food web of various marine ecosystems. They are a food source for zooplankton or higher predators such as fishes, whales and birds that is particularly important in high latitude areas. Since they harbor a highly soluble aragonitic shell, they could be very sensitive to ocean acidification driven by the increase of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The effect of changes in the seawater chemistry was investigated on Limacina helicina, a key species of Arctic pelagic ecosystems. Individuals were kept in the laboratory under controlled pCO2 levels of 280, 380, 550, 760 and 1020 µatm and at control (0°C) and elevated (4°C) temperatures. The respiration rate was unaffected by pCO2 at control temperature, but significantly increased as a function of the pCO2 level at elevated temperature. pCO2 had no effect on the gut clearance rate at either temperature. Precipitation of CaCO3, measured as the incorporation of 45Ca, significantly declined as a function of pCO2 at both temperatures. The decrease in calcium carbonate precipitation was highly correlated to the aragonite saturation state. Even though this study demonstrates that pteropods are able to precipitate calcium carbonate at low aragonite saturation state, the results support the current concern for the future of Arctic pteropods, as the production of their shell appears to be very sensitive to decreased pH. A decline of pteropod populations would likely cause dramatic changes to various pelagic ecosystems. Keyword(s): Animalia; Arctic; Behaviour; Calcification/Dissolution; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Limacina helicina; Mollusca; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Respiration; Single species; Zooplankton Related to: Comeau, Steeve; Jeffree, Ross; Teyssié, Jean-Louis; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2010): Response of the Arctic pteropod Limacina helicina to projected future environmental conditions. PLoS ONE, 5(6), e11362, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011362 Project(s): European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS) (URI: https://eur-oceans.eu/) European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Project_on_Ocean_Acidification) Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) (URI: https://www.iaea.org/services/oa-icc/science-and-collaboration/data-access-and-management) Funding: Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384: European Project on Ocean Acidification (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/211384) Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106: European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/511106) Comment: In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). Parameter(s): Identification (ID) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) Salinity (Sal) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) Temperature, water [°C] (Temp) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) Experimental treatment (Exp treat) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) * COMMENT: CT- control temperature, HT- high temperature Species (Species) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) pH (pH) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: pH meter (Metrohm, 826 pH mobile) * COMMENT: Total scale Alkalinity, total [µmol/kg] (AT) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950) (URI: https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.04-0559) Carbonate system computation flag (CSC flag) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Carbon dioxide [µmol/kg] (CO2) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) [µatm] (pCO2water_SST_wet) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) [µatm] (fCO2water_SST_wet) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Bicarbonate ion [µmol/kg] ([HCO3]-) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Carbonate ion [µmol/kg] ([CO3]2-) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Carbon, inorganic, dissolved [µmol/kg] (DIC) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Aragonite saturation state (Omega Arg) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Calcite saturation state (Omega Cal) * PI: Nisumaa, Anne-Marin (annemarin@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Gut clearance coefficient [#/h] (k) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectro-fluorometry using a Turner-Designs Fluorometer; after Lorenzen, 1967 (URI: http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_12/issue_2/0343.pdf) Respiration rate, oxygen [µmol/mg/h] (Resp O2) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Titration, Winkler Respiration rate, oxygen, standard deviation [±] (Resp O2 std dev) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated Calcium carbonate passive adsorption [µmol/g/h] (CaCO3 ads) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) Calcium carbonate passive adsorption, standard deviation [±] (CaCO3 ads std dev) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) Calcium carbonate precipitated [µmol/g/h] (CaCO3 prec) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) Calcium carbonate precipitated, standard deviation [±] (CaCO3 prec std dev) * PI: Comeau, Steeve (steeve.comeau@gmail.com) License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Status: Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels) Size: 390 data points */ ID Sal Temp [°C] Exp treat Species pH AT [µmol/kg] CSC flag CO2 [µmol/kg] pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] DIC [µmol/kg] Omega Arg Omega Cal k [#/h] Resp O2 [µmol/mg/h] Resp O2 std dev [±] CaCO3 ads [µmol/g/h] CaCO3 ads std dev [±] CaCO3 prec [µmol/g/h] CaCO3 prec std dev [±] gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 0.3 pCO2=280, CT Limacina helicina 8.20 2275 8 15.99 257.67 256.55 1953.99 126.74 2096.7 1.91 3.04 0.061 5600 700 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 0.3 pCO2=380, CT Limacina helicina 8.04 2275 8 24.16 389.32 387.64 2042.53 91.66 2158.4 1.38 2.20 0.111 5700 500 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 0.3 pCO2=550, CT Limacina helicina 7.91 2275 8 33.47 539.40 537.07 2097.85 69.79 2201.1 1.05 1.68 0.052 5900 500 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 0.3 pCO2=780, CT Limacina helicina 7.76 2275 8 48.38 779.62 776.26 2146.59 50.55 2245.5 0.76 1.21 0.086 5900 800 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 0.3 pCO2=1120, CT Limacina helicina 7.63 2275 8 66.23 1067.25 1062.64 2178.36 38.03 2282.6 0.57 0.91 0.100 6200 300 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 3.8 pCO2=280, HT Limacina helicina 8.18 2278 8 14.92 274.31 273.18 1930.49 137.97 2083.4 2.08 3.30 0.183 6000 500 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 3.8 pCO2=380, HT Limacina helicina 8.04 2278 8 21.50 395.22 393.59 2014.97 104.33 2140.8 1.57 2.50 0.192 6500 500 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 3.8 pCO2=550, HT Limacina helicina 7.92 2278 8 29.15 535.91 533.70 2072.63 81.40 2183.2 1.23 1.95 0.183 7200 700 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 3.8 pCO2=780, HT Limacina helicina 7.78 2278 8 41.26 758.58 755.45 2125.35 60.47 2227.1 0.91 1.45 0.224 7200 400 gut clearance and respiration rates experiment 34.5 3.8 pCO2=1120, HT Limacina helicina 7.62 2278 8 60.89 1119.58 1114.96 2170.12 42.72 2273.7 0.64 1.02 0.221 7500 600 45Ca experiment 34.5 0.5 pCO2=280, CT Limacina helicina 8.17 2271 8 17.14 278.38 277.18 1966.84 120.05 2104.0 1.81 2.88 0.30 0.08 0.61 0.05 45Ca experiment 34.5 0.5 pCO2=380, CT Limacina helicina 8.03 2271 8 24.57 398.95 397.23 2041.98 90.29 2156.8 1.36 2.17 0.32 0.08 0.41 0.04 45Ca experiment 34.5 0.5 pCO2=550, CT Limacina helicina 7.90 2271 8 34.03 552.54 550.16 2096.55 68.72 2199.3 1.04 1.65 0.37 0.13 0.25 0.04 45Ca experiment 34.5 0.5 pCO2=780, CT Limacina helicina 7.77 2271 8 46.83 760.45 757.17 2138.98 51.97 2237.8 0.78 1.25 0.36 0.14 0.02 0.04 45Ca experiment 34.5 0.5 pCO2=1120, CT Limacina helicina 7.63 2271 8 65.69 1066.78 1062.18 2173.76 38.26 2277.7 0.58 0.92 0.39 0.08 -0.05 0.02 45Ca experiment 34.5 3.9 pCO2=280, HT Limacina helicina 8.18 2279 8 14.87 274.49 273.36 1930.21 138.51 2083.6 2.09 3.32 0.32 0.04 0.68 0.03 45Ca experiment 34.5 3.9 pCO2=380, HT Limacina helicina 8.06 2279 8 20.36 375.69 374.14 2004.06 109.09 2133.5 1.65 2.61 0.30 0.07 0.46 0.05 45Ca experiment 34.5 3.9 pCO2=550, HT Limacina helicina 7.89 2279 8 31.33 578.23 575.85 2085.39 76.75 2193.5 1.16 1.84 0.34 0.10 0.44 0.06 45Ca experiment 34.5 3.9 pCO2=780, HT Limacina helicina 7.80 2279 8 39.17 722.86 719.88 2119.03 63.39 2221.6 0.96 1.52 0.37 0.09 0.25 0.06 45Ca experiment 34.5 3.9 pCO2=1120, HT Limacina helicina 7.61 2279 8 62.22 1148.11 1143.38 2173.03 41.97 2277.2 0.63 1.00 0.37 0.08 0.02 0.04