Citation:

bg-6-1811-2009

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and net calcification during experiments with coral communities, 2009
Published: 2009-09-16
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Pacific; Rocky-shore community; Tropical

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Abstract:

Acidification of seawater owing to oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 originating from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and land-use changes has raised serious concerns regarding its adverse effects on corals and calcifying communities. Here we demonstrate a net loss of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) material as a result of decreased calcification and increased carbonate dissolution from replicated subtropical coral reef communities (n=3) incubated in continuous-flow mesocosms subject to future seawater conditions. The calcifying community was dominated by the coral Montipora capitata. Daily average community calcification or Net Ecosystem Calcification (NEC=CaCO3 production - dissolution) was positive at 3.3 mmol CaCO3 m-2 h-1 under ambient seawater pCO2 conditions as opposed to negative at -0.04 mmol CaCO3 m-2 h-1 under seawater conditions of double the ambient pCO2. These experimental results provide support for the conclusion that some net calcifying communities could become subject to net dissolution in response to anthropogenic ocean acidification within this century. Nevertheless, individual corals remained healthy, actively calcified (albeit slower than at present rates), and deposited significant amounts of CaCO3 under the prevailing experimental seawater conditions of elevated pCO2.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Pacific; Rocky-shore community; Tropical

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Coverage:

Date/Time Start: 2006-06-21T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2006-06-22T12:00:00

Event(s):

Andersson_etal_09 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Andersson, Andreas J
2	DATE/TIME	Date/Time				Geocode
3	Salinity	Sal		Andersson, Andreas J	YSI 30 salinty/conductivity/temperature meter
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Andersson, Andreas J	YSI 30 salinty/conductivity/temperature meter
5	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
6	Oxygen	O2	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II
7	Nitrite	NITRITE	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II
8	Nitrate	NITRATE	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II
9	Ammonium	[NH4]+	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II
10	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II
11	Silicate	SILCAT	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II
12	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Titration potentiometric
13	pH	pH		Andersson, Andreas J	pH, Electrode	NBS scale
14	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
15	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Andersson, Andreas J	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Andersson, Andreas J	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Andersson, Andreas J	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mmol/m²/h	Andersson, Andreas J	Calculated, see reference(s)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1086 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 Date/Time	3 Sal (YSI 30 salinty/conductivity/t...)	4 Temp [°C] (YSI 30 salinty/conductivity/t...)	5 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	6 O2 [µmol/kg] (Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II)	7 NITRITE [µmol/kg] (Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II)	8 NITRATE [µmol/kg] (Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II)	9 [NH4]+ [µmol/kg] (Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II)	10 PHSPHT [µmol/kg] (Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II)	11 SILCAT [µmol/kg] (Auto-analyzer, Technicon AA-II)	12 AT [µmol/kg] (Titration potentiometric)	13 pH (NBS scale, pH, Electrode)	14 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	15 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	23 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Calc rate CaCO3 [mmol/m²/h] (Calculated, see reference(s))
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-21T12:00	35.1	27.8	15	256.0	0.035	0.232	0.428	0.202	8.594	2019.5	8.06	7.92	1788.8	494	494.44	492.93	13.06	1615.6	1615.9	160.2	160.0	2.57	2.57	3.87
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-21T16:00	35.3	27.0	15	230.6	0.018	0.257	0.323	0.165	7.340	2075.0	7.97	7.83	1886.0	644	645.39	643.40	17.36	1731.8	1732.1	136.9	136.8	2.19	2.19	3.29	1.3
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-21T20:00	35.4	26.3	15	184.8	0.042	0.341	0.289	0.168	6.662	2072.8	7.78	7.64	1962.7	1053	1053.69	1050.42	28.81	1841.6	1841.8	92.3	92.2	1.47	1.47	2.21	0.9
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-22T00:00	35.4	26.0	15	186.3	0.021	0.220	0.244	0.134	5.985	2111.2	7.77	7.63	2004.8	1098	1098.83	1095.41	30.27	1883.2	1883.4	91.4	91.2	1.45	1.45	2.19	-3.6
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-22T04:00	35.4	25.8	15	184.5	0.038	0.311	0.258	0.141	5.883	2086.5	7.71	7.57	2002.4	1261	1261.52	1257.59	34.92	1888.2	1888.3	79.3	79.2	1.26	1.26	1.90	-2.3
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-22T08:00	35.4	26.0	15	218.4	0.038	0.369	0.315	0.134	7.216	2078.0	7.87	7.73	1935.2	835	835.53	832.93	23.02	1802.1	1802.5	110.1	109.9	1.75	1.75	2.64	0.6
Mesocosm 7	2006-06-22T12:00	35.3	27.7	15	253.8	0.017	0.248	0.359	0.133	7.591	2054.8	8.08	7.94	1810.8	474	474.89	473.44	12.56	1628.8	1629.0	169.4	169.3	2.71	2.72	4.08	2.9
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-21T12:00	35.1	27.8	15	279.5	0.037	0.245	0.480	0.129	8.341	2102.2	8.28	8.14	1740.0	274	274.44	273.60	7.25	1487.9	1488.3	244.8	244.6	3.93	3.93	5.91
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-21T16:00	35.1	27.0	15	242.9	0.034	0.256	0.429	0.102	7.378	2120.2	8.20	8.06	1810.9	349	349.04	347.96	9.40	1589.2	1589.6	212.3	212.2	3.39	3.39	5.12	7.2
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-21T20:00	35.2	26.3	15	177.5	0.068	0.479	0.486	0.132	6.894	2188.7	7.99	7.85	1988.1	643	644.08	642.08	17.63	1823.1	1823.6	147.4	147.2	2.35	2.35	3.54	3.8
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-22T00:00	35.2	26.0	15	171.4	0.037	0.319	0.462	0.122	6.411	2219.0	7.92	7.78	2050.0	785	785.20	782.76	21.65	1898.9	1899.2	129.5	129.3	2.06	2.06	3.11	-2.2
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-22T04:00	35.3	25.8	15	170.8	0.054	0.410	0.452	0.115	6.881	2209.1	7.88	7.74	2058.0	865	866.06	863.36	23.99	1915.3	1915.7	118.7	118.5	1.88	1.88	2.85	0.2
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-22T08:00	35.2	26.0	15	224.2	0.050	0.421	0.394	0.118	7.445	2176.7	8.06	7.92	1944.7	528	528.48	526.84	14.57	1764.1	1764.5	166.0	165.8	2.64	2.64	3.99	4.4
Mesocosm 8	2006-06-22T12:00	35.3	27.6	15	272.2	0.030	0.251	0.488	0.111	8.009	2145.1	8.28	8.14	1777.6	279	279.46	278.61	7.41	1520.3	1520.7	249.9	249.7	4.00	4.00	6.02	6.5
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-21T12:00	35.1	27.8	15	247.7	0.033	0.207	0.360	0.107	8.287	1947.8	7.93	7.79	1780.2	677	677.48	675.42	17.89	1641.7	1641.9	120.7	120.6	1.94	1.94	2.91
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-21T16:00	35.2	26.9	15	226.4	0.026	0.271	0.225	0.097	7.044	2007.9	7.82	7.68	1884.0	925	926.37	923.52	24.99	1761.0	1761.2	98.0	97.9	1.57	1.57	2.36	1.3
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-21T20:00	35.2	26.3	15	187.3	0.056	0.348	0.225	0.133	7.132	2011.0	7.66	7.52	1943.6	1385	1386.69	1382.39	37.96	1836.2	1836.4	69.4	69.3	1.11	1.11	1.67	0.9
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-22T00:00	35.2	26.0	15	187.6	0.026	0.139	0.212	0.096	6.650	2039.0	7.63	7.49	1981.7	1510	1511.50	1506.80	41.68	1874.5	1874.7	65.6	65.5	1.04	1.04	1.58	-3.6
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-22T04:00	35.3	25.8	15	187.0	0.039	0.381	0.222	0.109	6.453	2055.6	7.58	7.44	2014.0	1719	1720.50	1715.14	47.66	1907.2	1907.3	59.2	59.1	0.94	0.94	1.42	-2.3
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-22T08:00	35.3	26.0	15	219.9	0.036	0.343	0.245	0.112	7.206	2020.6	7.74	7.60	1927.6	1134	1134.54	1131.02	31.27	1814.4	1814.5	81.9	81.9	1.30	1.30	1.97	0.6
Mesocosm 9	2006-06-22T12:00	35.2	27.7	15	249.9	0.018	0.121	0.319	0.112	7.483	1999.6	7.94	7.80	1825.1	676	676.94	674.88	17.91	1680.8	1681.1	126.3	126.2	2.03	2.03	3.05	2.9
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-21T12:00	35.0	27.9	15	263.3	0.032	0.174	0.395	0.105	7.753	2111.7	8.19	8.05	1803.3	359	359.59	358.49	9.48	1582.2	1582.6	211.7	211.5	3.40	3.40	5.12
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-21T16:00	35.2	27.1	15	238.6	0.028	0.136	0.281	0.094	7.177	2175.4	8.15	8.01	1888.2	413	413.53	412.26	11.10	1676.4	1676.8	200.7	200.5	3.21	3.21	4.83	7.2
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-21T20:00	35.2	26.3	15	183.0	0.065	0.452	0.291	0.124	7.265	2167.8	8.00	7.86	1963.9	620	620.78	618.86	16.99	1798.1	1798.5	148.8	148.6	2.37	2.37	3.58	3.8
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-22T00:00	35.2	25.9	15	182.4	0.035	0.195	0.247	0.097	7.069	2207.5	7.98	7.84	2012.8	665	665.70	663.63	18.40	1850.0	1850.4	144.4	144.2	2.29	2.29	3.47	-2.2
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-22T04:00	35.2	25.8	15	180.2	0.051	0.383	0.271	0.110	7.062	2194.0	7.94	7.80	2018.6	735	735.22	732.93	20.38	1865.9	1866.2	132.4	132.2	2.10	2.10	3.18	0.2
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-22T08:00	35.3	26.0	15	220.2	0.058	0.384	0.294	0.106	7.433	2172.7	8.04	7.90	1950.3	556	556.53	554.80	15.34	1775.0	1775.4	160.0	159.8	2.54	2.54	3.84	4.4
Mesocosm 10	2006-06-22T12:00	35.2	27.8	15	260.3	0.034	0.121	0.347	0.089	7.520	2162.5	8.20	8.06	1842.2	357	357.09	356.01	9.43	1611.7	1612.0	221.1	221.0	3.55	3.55	5.33	6.5
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-21T12:00	35.0	27.7	15	242.9	0.071	0.149	0.386	0.112	7.882	1965.0	7.87	7.73	1821.5	800	801.51	799.07	21.23	1692.5	1692.7	107.7	107.7	1.73	1.73	2.60
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-21T16:00	35.2	26.9	15	226.1	0.051	0.178	0.256	0.095	6.933	1992.8	7.79	7.65	1880.2	992	992.80	989.75	26.78	1761.9	1762.1	91.5	91.4	1.46	1.46	2.20	1.3
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-21T20:00	35.2	26.2	15	186.3	0.078	0.453	0.279	0.125	6.832	1997.6	7.62	7.48	1943.2	1519	1520.35	1515.63	41.72	1838.3	1838.5	63.2	63.1	1.01	1.01	1.52	0.9
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-22T00:00	35.2	25.9	15	187.0	0.054	0.338	0.223	0.101	6.637	2023.3	7.61	7.47	1972.7	1573	1574.49	1569.59	43.53	1867.0	1867.2	62.2	62.1	0.99	0.99	1.49	-3.6
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-22T04:00	35.2	25.7	15	185.1	0.071	0.378	0.243	0.111	6.536	2031.5	7.56	7.42	1996.7	1784	1784.91	1779.34	49.59	1891.4	1891.5	55.8	55.7	0.89	0.89	1.34	-2.3
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-22T08:00	35.2	25.9	15	217.8	0.070	0.435	0.269	0.124	7.281	2010.3	7.70	7.56	1931.5	1248	1248.62	1244.73	34.52	1822.3	1822.4	74.6	74.6	1.19	1.19	1.79	0.6
Mesocosm 11	2006-06-22T12:00	35.2	27.5	15	241.6	0.060	0.111	0.322	0.104	7.274	1986.7	7.89	7.75	1834.3	766	766.51	764.17	20.38	1700.7	1700.8	113.3	113.2	1.81	1.81	2.73	2.9
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-21T12:00	35.0	27.7	15	274.0	0.033	0.106	0.653	0.093	7.729	2107.3	8.23	8.09	1777.1	319	319.22	318.25	8.45	1543.6	1544.0	225.1	224.9	3.61	3.61	5.44
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-21T16:00	35.2	26.9	15	240.1	0.029	0.166	0.500	0.096	7.628	2151.5	8.18	8.04	1850.7	374	374.86	373.71	10.11	1632.5	1632.8	208.2	208.0	3.32	3.32	5.01	7.2
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-21T20:00	35.2	26.2	15	178.4	0.060	0.533	0.563	0.136	7.434	2174.7	7.99	7.85	1975.6	639	639.42	637.44	17.55	1812.0	1812.4	146.1	145.8	2.32	2.32	3.51	3.8
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-22T00:00	35.2	25.9	15	177.2	0.032	0.228	0.496	0.102	6.864	2209.5	7.94	7.80	2032.8	740	741.21	738.90	20.49	1878.6	1879.0	133.7	133.5	2.13	2.12	3.21	-2.2
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-22T04:00	35.3	25.7	15	175.6	0.066	0.542	0.654	0.102	7.232	2204.0	7.90	7.76	2045.3	819	819.45	816.89	22.75	1899.7	1900.0	122.9	122.7	1.95	1.95	2.95	0.2
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-22T08:00	35.2	25.9	15	225.1	0.049	0.421	0.485	0.129	7.131	2168.0	8.05	7.91	1942.3	540	540.49	538.80	14.94	1765.4	1765.7	161.9	161.7	2.57	2.57	3.89	4.4
Mesocosm 12	2006-06-22T12:00	35.2	27.6	15	269.7	0.025	0.161	0.528	0.122	7.592	2152.4	8.24	8.10	1810.2	316	316.14	315.18	8.38	1567.5	1568.0	234.4	234.2	3.76	3.76	5.65	6.5