Citation:

science.1154122

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with Emiliania huxleyi, 2008
Published: 2008
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification in response to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures is widely expected to reduce calcification by marine organisms. From the mid-Mesozoic, coccolithophores have been major calcium carbonate producers in the world's oceans, today accounting for about a third of the total marine CaCO3 production. Here, we present laboratory evidence that calcification and net primary production in the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi are significantly increased by high CO2 partial pressures. Field evidence from the deep ocean is consistent with these laboratory conclusions, indicating that over the past 220 years there has been a 40% increase in average coccolith mass. Our findings show that coccolithophores are already responding and will probably continue to respond to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures, which has important implications for biogeochemical modeling of future oceans and climate.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
2	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
3	Salinity	Sal		Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
5	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
6	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora	Potentiometric titration, VINDTA (marianda)
7	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora	Potentiometric titration, VINDTA (marianda)
8	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
9	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
10	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
11	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
12	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
13	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate per algae cell	Calc rate CaCO3	pmol/#/day	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
16	Growth rate	µ	#/day	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora	Calculated
17	Calcium carbonate in cell	CaCO3 cell	pmol	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora	Flow cytometry
18	Particulate organic carbon, per cell	POC/cell	pmol/#	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora	Element analyser, Thermo Finnigan flash EA 1112
19	Carbon, organic, particulate, production per cell	POC prod/cell	pg/#/day	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
20	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora
21	Emiliania huxleyi	E. huxleyi	#	Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora	Counting

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1237 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 CSC flag	3 Sal	4 Temp [°C]	5 pH	6 AT [µmol/kg]	7 DIC [µmol/kg]	8 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	9 CO2 [µmol/kg]	10 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	11 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	12 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	13 Omega Arg	14 Omega Cal	15 Calc rate CaCO3 [pmol/#/day]	16 µ [#/day]	17 CaCO3 cell [pmol]	18 POC/cell [pmol/#]	19 POC prod/cell [pg/#/day]	20 C/N	21 E. huxleyi [#]
Exp1_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2220.0	1861.0	228.65	7.66	252.79	1600.56	227.880	3.94	6.08	0.244	0.70	0.349	0.445	3.737	6.72	99000
Exp1_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2221.6	1862.4	228.81	7.67	252.99	1601.75	228.030	3.94	6.09	0.253	0.72	0.361	0.434	3.646	6.94	106000
Exp1_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.23	2219.2	1861.7	230.02	7.71	251.80	1602.18	229.240	3.92	6.06	0.250	0.70	0.358	0.416	3.498	6.91	102000
Exp1_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2224.2	1877.6	243.30	8.15	244.79	1624.71	242.480	3.81	5.89	0.182	0.64	0.288	0.376	2.845	6.29	77000
Exp1_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2225.3	1878.6	243.42	8.16	244.92	1625.55	242.600	3.81	5.89	0.183	0.62	0.289	0.401	3.036	6.13	78000
Exp1_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.22	2225.1	1877.4	242.28	8.12	245.54	1623.79	241.460	3.82	5.91	0.185	0.63	0.294	0.386	2.923	6.18	93000
Exp1_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.3	1970.0	378.38	12.68	186.90	1770.40	377.100	2.91	4.50	0.248	0.68	0.367	0.482	3.907	6.80	99000
Exp1_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.0	373.76	12.52	188.49	1767.04	372.490	2.93	4.53	0.251	0.67	0.372	0.495	4.012	7.12	97000
Exp1_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.7	375.17	12.57	188.02	1768.15	373.900	2.93	4.52	0.252	0.67	0.373	0.496	4.015	7.06	99000
Exp1_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1981.0	550.75	18.45	136.59	1825.95	548.890	2.13	3.29	0.374	0.46	0.804	1.032	5.768	7.80	65000
Exp1_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2162.2	1980.9	548.22	18.37	137.14	1825.40	546.360	2.14	3.30	0.407	0.46	0.874	1.006	5.624	7.86	76000
Exp1_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1980.6	549.33	18.41	136.84	1825.32	547.470	2.13	3.29	0.398	0.47	0.855	1.016	5.677	7.83	67000
Exp2_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2224.2	1877.6	243.30	8.15	244.79	1624.71	242.480	3.81	5.89	0.383	0.89	0.428	0.561	6.017	6.58	87000
Exp2_pCO2=300	15	34	19	0.00	2225.3	1878.6	243.42	8.16	244.92	1625.55	242.600	3.81	5.89	0.393	0.92	0.428	0.565	6.226	6.62	86000
Exp2_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.22	2225.1	1877.4	242.28	8.12	245.54	1623.79	241.460	3.82	5.91	0.374	0.88	0.427	0.572	6.017	6.59	83000
Exp2_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.96	1997.0	1803.2	440.02	14.74	139.43	1648.99	438.530	2.17	3.35	0.606	0.85	0.711	0.950	9.702	6.89	112000
Exp2_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.95	1994.4	1805.2	451.74	15.14	136.56	1653.51	450.210	2.13	3.29	0.527	0.76	0.696	0.992	9.013	6.79	100000
Exp2_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.96	1996.2	1804.7	446.18	14.95	137.97	1651.81	444.670	2.15	3.32	0.482	0.68	0.707	0.971	7.950	6.70	95000
Exp2_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1981.0	550.75	18.45	136.59	1825.95	548.890	2.13	3.29	0.755	0.58	1.304	1.815	12.610	6.90	61000
Exp2_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2162.2	1980.9	548.22	18.37	137.14	1825.40	546.360	2.14	3.30	0.736	0.56	1.314	1.823	12.247	7.19	57000
Exp2_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1980.6	549.33	18.41	136.84	1825.32	547.470	2.13	3.29	0.785	0.60	1.317	1.830	13.093	7.09	64000
Exp3_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2224.2	1877.6	243.30	8.15	244.79	1624.71	242.480	3.81	5.89	0.212	0.52	0.406				102000
Exp3_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2225.3	1878.6	243.42	8.16	244.92	1625.55	242.600	3.81	5.89	0.306	0.75	0.407				100000
Exp3_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.22	2225.1	1877.4	242.28	8.12	245.54	1623.79	241.460	3.82	5.91	0.286	0.70	0.407				107000
Exp3_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.96	1997.0	1803.2	440.02	14.74	139.43	1648.99	438.530	2.17	3.35	0.274	0.38	0.711				89000
Exp3_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.95	1994.4	1805.2	451.74	15.14	136.56	1653.51	450.210	2.13	3.29	0.307	0.44	0.696				87000
Exp3_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.96	1996.2	1804.7	446.18	14.95	137.97	1651.81	444.670	2.15	3.32	0.282	0.40	0.707				87000
Exp3_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1981.0	550.75	18.45	136.59	1825.95	548.890	2.13	3.29	0.459	0.39	1.189				89000
Exp3_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2162.2	1980.9	548.22	18.37	137.14	1825.40	546.360	2.14	3.30	0.442	0.37	1.183				89000
Exp3_pCO2=750	15	34	19		2161.4	1980.6	549.33	18.41	136.84	1825.32	547.470	2.13	3.29	0.469	0.40	1.179				92000
Exp4_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2220.0	1861.0	228.65	7.66	252.79	1600.56	227.880	3.94	6.08	0.365	0.81	0.449				105000
Exp4_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2221.6	1862.4	228.81	7.67	252.99	1601.75	228.030	3.94	6.09	0.352	0.78	0.449				99000
Exp4_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.23	2219.2	1861.7	230.02	7.71	251.80	1602.18	229.240	3.92	6.06	0.384	0.85	0.453				100000
Exp4_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2224.2	1877.6	243.30	8.15	244.79	1624.71	242.480	3.81	5.89	0.312	0.73	0.430				88000
Exp4_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2225.3	1878.6	243.42	8.16	244.92	1625.55	242.600	3.81	5.89	0.385	0.89	0.431				89000
Exp4_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.22	2225.1	1877.4	242.28	8.12	245.54	1623.79	241.460	3.82	5.91	0.377	0.85	0.442				95000
Exp4_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.3	1970.0	378.38	12.68	186.90	1770.40	377.100	2.91	4.50	0.279	0.87	0.322				80000
Exp4_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.0	373.76	12.52	188.49	1767.04	372.490	2.93	4.53	0.261	0.81	0.324				76000
Exp4_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.7	375.17	12.57	188.02	1768.15	373.900	2.93	4.52	0.255	0.78	0.327				72000
Exp4_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1981.0	550.75	18.45	136.59	1825.95	548.890	2.13	3.29	0.436	0.52	0.836				55000
Exp4_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2162.2	1980.9	548.22	18.37	137.14	1825.40	546.360	2.14	3.30	0.522	0.61	0.851				62000
Exp4_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1980.6	549.33	18.41	136.84	1825.32	547.470	2.13	3.29	0.531	0.61	0.868				69000
Exp5_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2220.0	1861.0	228.65	7.66	252.79	1600.56	227.880	3.94	6.08	0.349	0.78	0.445	0.470	4.429		92000
Exp5_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2221.6	1862.4	228.81	7.67	252.99	1601.75	228.030	3.94	6.09	0.312	0.70	0.448	0.529	4.430		94000
Exp5_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.23	2219.2	1861.7	230.02	7.71	251.80	1602.18	229.240	3.92	6.06	0.316	0.70	0.454	0.490	4.094		108000
Exp5_pCO2=300	15	34	19		2224.2	1877.6	243.30	8.15	244.79	1624.71	242.480	3.81	5.89	0.337	0.78	0.430	0.560	5.264		123000
Exp5_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.21	2225.3	1878.6	243.42	8.16	244.92	1625.55	242.600	3.81	5.89	0.354	0.80	0.443	0.543	5.211		126000
Exp5_pCO2=300	15	34	19	8.22	2225.1	1877.4	242.28	8.12	245.54	1623.79	241.460	3.82	5.91	0.345	0.80	0.433	0.566	5.411		110000
Exp5_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.3	1970.0	378.38	12.68	186.90	1770.40	377.100	2.91	4.50	0.229	0.71	0.323	0.630	5.352		109000
Exp5_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.0	373.76	12.52	188.49	1767.04	372.490	2.93	4.53	0.233	0.70	0.332	0.634	5.352		115000
Exp5_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.7	375.17	12.57	188.02	1768.15	373.900	2.93	4.52	0.149	0.47	0.316	0.634	3.581		99000
Exp5_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1981.0	550.75	18.45	136.59	1825.95	548.890	2.13	3.29	0.536	0.63	0.853	1.239	9.346		83000
Exp5_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2162.2	1980.9	548.22	18.37	137.14	1825.40	546.360	2.14	3.30	0.509	0.60	0.851	1.212	8.693		88000
Exp5_pCO2=750	15	34	19	7.91	2161.4	1980.6	549.33	18.41	136.84	1825.32	547.470	2.13	3.29	0.603	0.71	0.849	1.226	10.452		92000
Exp6_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2220.0	1861.0	228.65	7.66	252.79	1600.56	227.880	3.94	6.08	0.211	0.74	0.279	0.390	3.532		96000
Exp6_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.24	2221.6	1862.4	228.81	7.67	252.99	1601.75	228.030	3.94	6.09	0.187	0.75	0.248	0.358	3.239		87000
Exp6_pCO2=280	15	34	19	8.23	2219.2	1861.7	230.02	7.71	251.80	1602.18	229.240	3.92	6.06	0.204	0.75	0.271	0.351	3.181		96000
Exp6_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.3	1970.0	378.38	12.68	186.90	1770.40	377.100	2.91	4.50	0.290	0.67	0.384	0.535	4.844		89000
Exp6_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.0	373.76	12.52	188.49	1767.04	372.490	2.93	4.53	0.285	0.74	0.377	0.530	4.800		94000
Exp6_pCO2=490	15	34	19	8.06	2227.8	1968.7	375.17	12.57	188.02	1768.15	373.900	2.93	4.52	0.308	0.74	0.408	0.476	4.313		103000
Exp6_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.96	1997.0	1803.2	440.02	14.74	139.43	1648.99	438.530	2.17	3.35	0.393	0.64	0.623	0.919	6.951		104000
Exp6_pCO2=600	15	34	19	0.00	1994.4	1805.2	451.74	15.14	136.56	1653.51	450.210	2.13	3.29	0.396	0.62	0.629	0.893	6.752		106000
Exp6_pCO2=600	15	34	19	7.96	1996.2	1804.7	446.18	14.95	137.97	1651.81	444.670	2.15	3.32	0.400	0.63	0.634	0.893	6.755		101000