Citation:

meps334063

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth rate during experiments with dinoflagellates, 2007
Published: 2007
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Caratium lineatum; Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Heterocapsa triquetra; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Prorocentrum minimum; Single species

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Abstract:

The effects of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on the growth of 3 red-tide dinoflagellates (Ceratium lineatum, Heterocapsa triquetra and Prorocentrum minimum) were studied at pH 8.0 and at higher pH levels, depending upon the pH tolerance of the individual species. The higher pH levels chosen for experiments were 8.55 for C. lineatum and 9.2 for the other 2 species. At pH 8.0, which approximates the pH found in the open sea, the maximum growth in all species was maintained until the total DIC concentration was reduced below ~0.4 and 0.2 mM for C. lineatum and the other 2 species, respectively. Growth compensation points (concentration of inorganic carbon needed for maintenance of cells) were reached at ~0.18 and 0.05 mM DIC for C. lineatum and the other 2 species, respectively. At higher pH levels, maximum growth rates were lower compared to growth at pH 8, even at very high DIC concentrations, indicating a direct pH effect on growth. Moreover, the concentration of bio-available inorganic carbon (CO2 + HCO3-) required for maintenance as well as the half-saturation constants were increased considerably at high pH compared to pH 8.0. Experiments with pH-drift were carried out at initial concentrations of 2.4 and 1.2 mM DIC to test whether pH or DIC was the main limiting factor at a natural range of DIC. Independent of the initial DIC concentrations, growth rates were similar in both incubations until pH had increased considerably. The results of this study demonstrated that growth of the 3 species was mainly limited by pH, while inorganic carbon limitation played a minor role only at very high pH levels and low initial DIC concentrations.

Keyword(s):

Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Caratium lineatum; Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Heterocapsa triquetra; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Prorocentrum minimum; Single species

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Event(s):

Hansen_etal_07/F1 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Hansen, Per Juel
2	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
3	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Hansen, Per Juel
4	Salinity	Sal		Hansen, Per Juel
5	Density, mass density	Density	kg/m³	Hansen, Per Juel	Calculated
6	Radiation, photosynthetically active	PAR	µmol/m²/s	Hansen, Per Juel	PAR sensor LI-1000, LI-COR Inc.
7	Light:Dark cycle	L:D	hh:hh	Hansen, Per Juel	Measured
8	pH	pH		Hansen, Per Juel	pH meter (Sentron, Argus X)	NBS scale
9	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
10	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Hansen, Per Juel	Infrared gas analyser (ADC, MK3)
11	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
12	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Growth rate	µ	#/day	Hansen, Per Juel	Calculated

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1349 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	3 Temp [°C]	4 Sal	5 Density [kg/m³] (Calculated)	6 PAR [µmol/m²/s] (PAR sensor LI-1000, LI-COR Inc.)	7 L:D [hh:hh] (Measured)	8 pH (NBS scale, pH meter (Sentron,...)	9 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	10 DIC [µmol/kg] (Infrared gas analyser (ADC, MK3))	11 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	12 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	13 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	15 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 µ [#/day] (Calculated)
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	1672.0	1728.2	28	739.7	737.1	1590.12	53.50	0.84	1.32	0.315
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	1044.9	1091.6	18	462.6	461.0	993.72	33.41	0.52	0.82	0.299
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	570.4	610.0	10	252.5	251.6	542.45	18.24	0.28	0.45	0.266
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	396.2	433.2	7	175.5	174.9	376.83	12.66	0.20	0.31	0.276
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	257.3	292.2	4	114.0	113.6	244.71	8.22	0.13	0.20	0.169
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	198.6	232.6	3	88.0	87.7	188.89	6.34	0.10	0.16	0.055
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	161.4	194.9	3	71.5	71.2	153.53	5.16	0.08	0.13	-0.026
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	140.9	174.0	2	62.5	62.2	133.98	4.50	0.07	0.11	-0.313
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	1675.7	1906.3	9	227.2	226.4	1509.87	157.07	2.45	3.86	0.198
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	1606.2	1830.8	8	217.7	216.9	1447.29	150.60	2.35	3.70	0.302
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	1425.4	1633.9	7	193.2	192.5	1284.36	133.62	2.09	3.29	0.235
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	1238.8	1430.7	6	168.0	167.4	1116.25	116.09	1.81	2.86	0.261
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	1090.8	1269.6	6	147.9	147.4	982.86	102.23	1.60	2.51	0.249
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	972.0	1140.3	5	131.8	131.3	875.85	91.09	1.42	2.24	0.177
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	820.5	975.3	4	111.4	111.0	739.38	76.85	1.20	1.89	0.100
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	692.9	836.4	4	94.0	93.7	624.36	64.90	1.01	1.60	0.105
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	612.0	748.4	3	83.1	82.8	551.53	57.32	0.90	1.41	0.020
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	394.5	511.5	2	53.6	53.4	355.52	36.91	0.58	0.91	-0.041
Caratium lineatum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	8.32	8.20	194.5	293.8	1	26.4	26.3	175.28	18.19	0.28	0.45	-0.260
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	1539.0	1593.2	26	680.5	678.1	1463.57	49.27	0.77	1.21	0.672
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	947.0	992.3	16	419.3	417.8	900.67	30.28	0.47	0.74	0.638
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	563.5	603.0	10	249.6	248.8	535.94	18.01	0.28	0.44	0.634
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	376.7	413.4	6	166.7	166.1	358.22	12.05	0.19	0.30	0.552
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	224.0	258.4	4	99.3	99.0	213.07	7.15	0.11	0.18	0.485
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	156.5	189.9	3	69.4	69.2	148.88	5.00	0.08	0.12	0.535
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	164.5	197.9	3	73.0	72.7	156.41	5.25	0.08	0.13	0.298
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	131.1	164.1	2	58.1	57.9	124.68	4.19	0.07	0.10	0.429
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	150.4	183.6	3	66.7	66.5	143.01	4.80	0.07	0.12	0.288
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	121.3	154.2	2	53.7	53.5	115.38	3.88	0.06	0.10	0.322
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	121.8	154.7	2	53.9	53.7	115.84	3.90	0.06	0.10	0.259
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	119.9	152.7	2	53.2	53.0	114.04	3.83	0.06	0.09	0.237
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	99.8	132.3	2	44.2	44.0	94.89	3.19	0.05	0.08	0.194
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	99.6	132.1	2	44.1	44.0	94.71	3.18	0.05	0.08	0.250
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	95.6	128.0	2	42.4	42.2	90.89	3.05	0.05	0.08	0.250
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	101.2	133.7	2	44.9	44.8	96.26	3.23	0.05	0.08	0.170
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	56.7	88.6	1	25.2	25.1	53.96	1.81	0.03	0.04	-0.006
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	53.4	85.2	1	23.7	23.6	50.79	1.70	0.03	0.04	0.060
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	43.1	74.8	1	19.1	19.1	41.03	1.38	0.02	0.03	0.019
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	1890.2	2738.7	2	39.6	39.5	1260.63	628.04	9.81	15.45	0.181
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	1797.0	2614.7	1	37.6	37.5	1198.50	597.11	9.32	14.69	0.162
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	1392.6	2076.0	1	29.2	29.1	928.87	462.59	7.22	11.38	0.264
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	987.9	1537.2	1	20.7	20.6	659.00	328.13	5.12	8.07	0.162
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	868.6	1378.2	1	18.2	18.2	579.47	288.42	4.50	7.09	0.019
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	745.4	1214.2	1	15.6	15.6	497.29	247.51	3.86	6.09	0.191
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	575.5	987.9	0	12.1	12.0	383.96	191.04	2.98	4.70	0.027
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	530.8	928.4	0	11.1	11.1	354.17	176.20	2.75	4.33	0.066
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	500.5	888.0	0	10.5	10.5	333.96	166.11	2.59	4.09	0.016
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	405.0	760.9	0	8.5	8.5	270.31	134.40	2.10	3.31	-0.040
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	193.7	479.4	0	4.1	4.1	129.34	64.22	1.00	1.58	-0.041
Heterocapsa triquetra	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	184.3	466.9	0	3.9	3.9	123.05	61.10	0.95	1.50	-0.143
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	1694.5	1751.1	29	749.2	746.6	1611.50	54.25	0.85	1.33	0.348
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	1070.8	1118.0	18	473.6	471.9	1018.37	34.27	0.54	0.84	0.347
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	638.8	679.4	11	282.9	281.9	607.51	20.42	0.32	0.50	0.352
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	409.8	447.0	7	181.5	180.9	389.75	13.10	0.20	0.32	0.335
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	218.3	252.6	4	96.8	96.5	207.65	6.97	0.11	0.17	0.326
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	165.6	199.1	3	73.3	73.1	157.46	5.29	0.08	0.13	0.276
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	133.9	166.9	2	59.3	59.1	127.31	4.28	0.07	0.11	0.294
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	123.2	156.1	2	54.7	54.5	117.22	3.93	0.06	0.10	0.254
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	136.7	169.8	2	60.6	60.4	130.05	4.37	0.07	0.11	0.221
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	109.3	141.9	2	48.5	48.3	103.91	3.49	0.05	0.09	0.226
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	108.1	140.7	2	48.0	47.8	102.80	3.45	0.05	0.08	0.211
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	107.7	140.3	2	47.8	47.6	102.42	3.44	0.05	0.08	0.208
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	97.5	129.9	2	43.3	43.1	92.69	3.11	0.05	0.08	0.190
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	59.7	91.6	1	26.4	26.3	56.75	1.91	0.03	0.05	0.056
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	60.1	92.0	1	26.6	26.5	57.14	1.92	0.03	0.05	0.030
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	7.83	7.71	55.0	86.8	1	24.4	24.3	52.26	1.76	0.03	0.04	-0.022
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	1911.7	2767.4	2	40.0	39.9	1274.94	635.23	9.92	15.63	0.085
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	478.9	859.3	0	10.0	10.0	319.56	158.96	2.48	3.91	0.098
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	584.8	1000.3	0	12.3	12.2	390.26	194.11	3.03	4.77	0.099
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	379.1	726.4	0	8.0	7.9	253.00	125.81	1.96	3.09	0.066
Prorocentrum minimum	27	15	30	1.022	60	16:08	9.00	8.88	176.0	455.8	0	3.7	3.7	117.47	58.34	0.91	1.43	-0.090