Citation:

2006GL028554

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification during incubation experiments with Mytilus edulis and Grassostrea gigas, 2006
Published: 2007
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Brackish waters; Calcification/Dissolution; Crassostrea gigas; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification resulting from human emissions of carbon dioxide has already lowered and will further lower surface ocean pH. The consequent decrease in calcium carbonate saturation potentially threatens calcareous marine organisms. Here, we demonstrate that the calcification rates of the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) decline linearly with increasing pCO2. Mussel and oyster calcification may decrease by 25 and 10%, respectively, by the end of the century, following the IPCC IS92a scenario (?740 ppmv in 2100). Moreover, mussels dissolve at pCO2 values exceeding a threshold value of ?1800 ppmv. As these two species are important ecosystem engineers in coastal ecosystems and represent a large part of worldwide aquaculture production, the predicted decrease of calcification in response to ocean acidification will probably have an impact on coastal biodiversity and ecosystem functioning as well as potentially lead to significant economic loss.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Brackish waters; Calcification/Dissolution; Crassostrea gigas; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Event(s):

Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP) * Comment: Mytilus edulis

Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP) * Comment: Grassostrea gigas

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
3	Salinity	Sal		Gazeau, Frédéric
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gazeau, Frédéric
5	pH	pH		Gazeau, Frédéric	pH, Electrode	NBS scale
6	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
7	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950)
8	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
9	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
10	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
11	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
12	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	µmol/g/h	Gazeau, Frédéric	Alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

800 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	3 Sal	4 Temp [°C]	5 pH (NBS scale, pH, Electrode)	6 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	7 AT [µmol/kg] (Alkalinity, Gran titration (G...)	8 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	9 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	10 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	11 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	12 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated)	13 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	15 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 Calc rate CaCO3 [µmol/g/h] (Alkalinity anomaly technique ...)
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	8.13	8.08	2421	13.3	2170.1	189	1967.8	421	400.97	399.63	3.01	4.68	0.37
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	8.09	8.05	2573	15.5	2328.8	189	2124.3	493	467.31	465.75	3.01	4.68	0.42
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	8.04	8.00	2537	17.2	2318.3	171	2130.1	552	519.32	517.58	2.72	4.24	0.34
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	8.02	7.97	2636	19.4	2426.1	168	2238.7	614	583.86	581.90	2.67	4.16	0.46
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.96	7.96	2569	19.5	2368.5	160	2189.0	645	586.16	584.20	2.55	3.96	0.43
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.98	7.95	2556	20.2	2364.2	154	2190.0	651	609.53	607.48	2.45	3.82	0.22
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.97	7.93	2556	20.9	2370.4	150	2199.5	671	631.22	629.11	2.39	3.72	0.19
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.93	7.93	2590	21.4	2404.3	151	2231.9	790	645.64	643.48	2.40	3.74	0.35
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.81	7.82	2008	21.8	1890.4	94	1774.7	733	655.75	653.56	1.50	2.33	0.38
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.92	7.88	2515	23.6	2354.6	133	2198.0	756	710.97	708.59	2.12	3.29	0.23
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.92	7.81	2272	25.8	2151.0	103	2022.2	849	777.05	774.45	1.64	2.55	0.31
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.91	7.90	2588	23.4	2417.9	141	2253.5	763	704.92	702.56	2.24	3.49	0.32
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.87	7.86	2562	25.4	2408.5	130	2253.1	831	764.29	761.73	2.07	3.22	0.21
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.87	7.85	2494	25.6	2349.0	123	2200.5	832	770.47	767.89	1.96	3.05	0.16
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.85	7.83	2473	26.7	2337.1	117	2193.4	865	804.78	802.08	1.86	2.90	0.13
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.77	7.84	2383	25.1	2246.5	115	2106.4	893	755.15	752.62	1.83	2.85	0.36
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.81	7.80	2592	29.7	2461.3	117	2314.5	981	896.12	893.12	1.86	2.90	0.27
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.81	7.79	2626	31.0	2498.4	116	2351.5	1010	932.92	929.80	1.85	2.87	0.25
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.77	7.76	2482	31.9	2372.3	102	2238.4	1043	961.38	958.16	1.62	2.53	0.14
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.76	7.75	2581	33.6	2470.4	105	2331.8	1106	1013.50	1010.10	1.67	2.60	0.19
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.74	7.72	2565	36.0	2466.2	98	2332.2	1172	1086.24	1082.61	1.56	2.43	0.14
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.72	7.73	2607	36.0	2504.7	101	2367.7	1204	1086.30	1082.67	1.61	2.50	0.20
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.66	7.67	2417	39.0	2341.3	82	2220.3	1315	1176.60	1172.66	1.30	2.03	0.13
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.64	7.66	2641	43.1	2562.6	89	2430.5	1453	1299.09	1294.75	1.42	2.20	0.11
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.63	7.66	2633	42.8	2554.2	89	2422.4	1461	1290.45	1286.13	1.42	2.20	0.01
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.47	7.55	2091	45.2	2055.7	55	1955.6	1632	1360.88	1356.33	0.88	1.36	0.03
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.60	7.59	2625	51.9	2574.3	75	2447.5	1713	1563.15	1557.92	1.19	1.86	-0.05
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.52	7.52	2534	58.6	2505.6	63	2384.0	1956	1765.68	1759.77	1.00	1.56	0.13
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.46	7.49	2344	58.9	2326.7	54	2213.8	2010	1776.24	1770.30	0.86	1.34	-0.14
Gazeau_etal_07/T1-Me	26	30	20	7.46	7.44	2546	71.8	2544.7	53	2419.9	2351	2162.53	2155.29	0.84	1.31	0.00
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.07	7.96	2740	20.9	2531.3	170	2340.4	698	630.59	628.48	2.70	4.21	0.30
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.06	7.95	2645	20.9	2447.7	160	2266.8	705	628.54	626.44	2.55	3.96	0.23
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.04	7.93	2742	22.7	2548.6	160	2365.9	761	684.70	682.41	2.55	3.96	0.23
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.04	7.92	2742	23.3	2553.2	157	2372.9	762	701.95	699.60	2.50	3.89	0.22
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.04	7.93	2747	22.6	2552.3	161	2368.6	782	682.03	679.75	2.56	3.99	0.28
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.02	7.92	2722	23.3	2535.5	155	2357.2	811	701.62	699.27	2.47	3.84	0.24
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	8.00	7.88	2788	26.4	2616.7	147	2443.3	861	794.81	792.15	2.34	3.64	0.22
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.92	7.82	2710	30.0	2569.3	126	2413.2	1063	904.61	901.59	2.00	3.12	0.24
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.90	7.79	2968	35.2	2829.7	131	2663.6	1106	1059.95	1056.40	2.08	3.25	0.26
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.92	7.83	2811	30.2	2661.4	134	2497.1	1206	910.78	907.73	2.13	3.32	0.25
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.88	7.77	2892	35.8	2763.9	123	2605.1	1222	1079.87	1076.25	1.96	3.05	0.25
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.86	7.77	2684	33.2	2562.3	114	2415.1	1247	1001.37	998.02	1.81	2.82	0.25
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.86	7.76	2779	35.6	2659.7	115	2509.2	1258	1071.50	1067.91	1.83	2.85	0.28
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.77	7.68	2694	42.2	2608.6	94	2472.4	1575	1272.73	1268.47	1.50	2.33	0.17
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.72	7.63	2667	47.8	2601.8	83	2471.0	1724	1439.80	1434.98	1.32	2.06	0.15
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.69	7.57	2659	54.2	2612.3	74	2484.2	1762	1632.16	1626.70	1.18	1.83	0.08
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.68	7.58	2695	54.1	2645.9	76	2515.8	1938	1629.96	1624.51	1.21	1.88	0.10
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.65	7.56	2785	58.1	2740.8	76	2606.7	2183	1749.86	1744.00	1.21	1.88	0.15
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.57	7.46	2816	74.7	2807.5	62	2670.8	2564	2251.74	2244.20	0.99	1.54	0.14
Gazeau_etal_07/T2-Gg	26	30	20	7.55	7.46	2736	72.9	2727.8	60	2594.9	2774	2196.40	2189.04	0.95	1.49	0.16