<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_711649</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>Pollen record of sediment core MD95-2043</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Fletcher, William J; Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>Pollen record of sediment core MD95-2043</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2008</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Other_Citation_Details>Supplement to: Fletcher, William J; Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda (2008): Orbital- and sub-orbital-scale climate impacts on vegetation of the western Mediterranean basin over the last 48,000 yr. Quaternary Research, 70(3), 451-464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.07.002</Other_Citation_Details>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.711649</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Personnel>
<Role>Investigator</Role>
<First_Name>Maria Fernanda</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Sanchez Goñi</Last_Name>
<Email>maria.sanchez-goni@u-bordeaux.fr</Email>
</Personnel>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>DEPTH, sediment/rock</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>AGE</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Abies</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Acer</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Alnus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ambrosia-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Anthemis-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Apiaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Arceuthobium</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Artemisia</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Asphodelus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Aster-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Betula</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Boraginaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Brassicaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Bupleurum-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Buxus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Calluna</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Campanulaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Carpinus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Caryophyllaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cedrus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Centaurea nigra-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Centaurea scabiosa-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Centaurium</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cerealia-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Chenopodiaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cirsium-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cistus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Coriaria myrtifolia</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Corylus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Crassulaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cupressaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cyperaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Echinops</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ephedra distachya-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ephedra fragilis-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ericaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Erodium</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Euphorbia</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Fabaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Filipendula</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Fraxinus excelsior-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Galium-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Gentianaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Geranium</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Halimium</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Hedera helix</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Helianthemum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Hippophae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Lamiaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Liliaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Linum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Lygeum spartum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Lythrum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Mentha-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Mercurialis-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Myrica</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Olea</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pedicularis</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Phillyrea</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Picea</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pistacia</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Plantago</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Plantago lanceolata-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Plumbaginaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Poaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Polygonum aviculare-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Populus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Primulaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Quercus, deciduous-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Quercus evergreen-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Quercus suber-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ranunculaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Rhamnus-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Rosaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Rumex</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Salix</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Sanguisorba minor</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Sanguisorba officinalis</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Scabiosa</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Scrophulariaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Serratula-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Spergularia-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Tamarix</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Taraxacum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Taxus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Thalictrum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Tilia</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ulex-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ulmus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Urtica</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Valerianaceae</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Veronica-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Vicia-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Vitis</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pinus</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Alisma-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Lemna</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Polygonum persicaria-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Potamogeton</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Typha</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Isoetes</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Polypodium vulgare-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Spores, monolete psilate</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Spores, monolete ornamented</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Anogramma leptophylla</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Botrychium-type</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Cryptogramma</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ophioglossum lusitanicum</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pilularia globulifera</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Selaginella denticulata</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Spores, trilete ornamented</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Spores, trilete psilate</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Spores, trilete reworked</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Indeterminable: broken</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Indeterminable: hidden</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Indeterminable: corroded</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Indeterminable: crumpled</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Indeterminable: unknown</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Concentricystes</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pollen, temperate Mediterranean forest</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pollen, main</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pollen and spores</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Taxa analyzed</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Marker, found</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Sample volume</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Marker, added</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pollen, main concentration</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pollen, total</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>Calypso Corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD101__Campaign</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD952043</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD95-2043</Keyword>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Counting, palynology</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Marion Dufresne (1995)</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Temporal_Coverage>
<Start_Date>1995-07-09</Start_Date>
<Stop_Date>1995-07-09</Stop_Date>
</Temporal_Coverage>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>36.143333333333</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>36.143333333333</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>-2.6211666666667</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>-2.6211666666667</Easternmost_Longitude>
<Minimum_Depth>0.07 m (DEPTH, sediment/rock)</Minimum_Depth>
<Maximum_Depth>15.75 m (DEPTH, sediment/rock)</Maximum_Depth>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Project>
<Short_Name>IMAGES</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>International Marine Global Change Study</Long_Name>
</Project>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-3.0: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>33536 data points</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>text/tab-separated-values</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Reference>Fletcher, William J; Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Peyron, Odile; Dormoy, Isabelle (2010): Abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation detected in a Western Mediterranean forest record. Climate of the Past, 6(2), 245-264, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-245-2010</Reference>
<Reference>Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Cacho, Isabel; Turon, Jean-Louis; Guiot, Joel; Sierro Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Peypouquet, Jean Pierre; Grimalt, Joan O; Shackleton, Nicholas J (2002): Synchroneity between marine and terrestrial responses to millenial scale climatic variability during the last glacial period in the mediterranian Region. Climate Dynamics, 19(1), 95-105, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0212-x</Reference>
<Summary>High-resolution pollen analysis of Alborán Sea core MD95-2043 provides a 48-ka continuous vegetation record that can be directly correlated with sea surface and deep-water changes. The reliability of this record is supported by comparison with that of Padul (Sierra Nevada, Spain). Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 was characterised by fluctuations in Quercus forest cover in response to Dansgaard-Oeschger climate variability. MIS 2 was characterised by the dominance of semi-desert vegetation. Despite overall dry and cold conditions during MIS 2, Heinrich events (HEs) 2 and 1 were distinguished from the last glacial maximum by more intensely arid conditions. Taxon-specific vegetation responses to a tripartite climatic structure within the HEs are observed. In MIS 1, the Bölling-Allerød was marked by rapid afforestation, while a re-expansion of semi-desert environments occurred during the Younger Dryas. The maximum development of mixed Quercus forest occurred between 11.7 and 5.4 cal ka BP, with forest decline since 5.4 cal ka BP. On orbital timescales, a long-term expansion of semi-desert vegetation from MIS 3 into MIS 2 reflects global ice-volume trends, while Holocene arboreal decline reflects summer insolation decrease. The influence of precession on the amplitude of forest development and vegetation composition is also detected. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.711649"!</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyr</URL>
<Description>AGE</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://www.epoc.u-bordeaux.fr/index.php?lang=en&amp;page=fiche_permanents&amp;id=mfsanche</URL>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0212-x</URL>
<Description>Synchroneity between marine and terrestrial responses to millenial scale climatic variability during the last glacial period in the mediterranian Region</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.07.002</URL>
<Description>Orbital- and sub-orbital-scale climate impacts on vegetation of the western Mediterranean basin over the last 48,000 yr</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.17600/95200110</URL>
<Description>MD101__Campaign</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-245-2010</URL>
<Description>Abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation detected in a Western Mediterranean forest record</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Dufresne_(1994)</URL>
<Description>Marion Dufresne (1995)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date/>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-07-15</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
