Müller, German; Stoffers, Peter (1974): Mineralogy and petrology of Black Sea Basin sediments [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.707445, Supplement to: Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): Mineralogy and petrology of Black Sea basin sediments. The Black Sea - Geology, Chemistry, and Biology. Memoir. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 20, 200-248
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Abstract:
The origin and modes of transportation and deposition of inorganic sedimentary material of the Black Sea were studied in approximately 60 piston, gravity, and Kasten cores.
The investigation showed that the sediment derived from the north and northwest (especially from the Danube) has a low calcite-dolomite ratio and a high quartz-feldspar ratio. Rock fragments are generally not abundant; garnet is the principal heavy mineral and illite is the predominant clay mineral. This sedimentary material differs markedly from that carried by Anatolian rivers, which is characterized by a high calcite-dolomite ratio and a low quartz-feldspar ratio. Rock fragments are abundant; pyroxene is the principal heavy mineral and montmorillonite is the predominant clay mineral.
In generel, the clay fraction is large in all sediments (27.6-86.9 percent), and the lateral distributian indicates an increase in clay consent from the coasts toward two centers in the western and eastern Black Sea basin. Illite is the most common clay mineral in the Black Sea sediments. The lateral changes in composition of the clay mineral can easily be traced to the petrologic character of northern (rich in illite) and southern (rich in montmorillonite) source areas.
In almost all cores, a rhythmic change of the montmorillonite-illite ratio with depth was observed. These changes may be related to the changing influence of the two provinces during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Higher montmorillonite content seems to indicate climctic changes, probably stages of glaciation end permafrost in the northern area, at which time the illite supply was diminished to a large extent.
The composition of the sand fraction is relatad to the different petrologic and morphologic characteristics of two major source provimces: (1) a northern province (rich in quartz, feldspars, and garnet) characterized by a low elevation, comprising the Danube basin area and the rivers draining the Russian platform; and (2) a southern province (rich in pyroxene and volcanic and metamorphic rocks) in the mountainous region of Anatolia and the Caucasus, characterized by small but extremely erosive rivers. The textural properties (graded bedding) of the deep-sea send layers clearly suggest deposition from turbidity currents.
The carbonate content of the contemporary sediments ranges from 5 to 65 percent. It increases from the coast to a maximum in two centers in the western and eastern basin. This pattern reflects the distribution of the <2-µm fraction. The contemporary mud sedimentation is governed by two important factors: (1) the deposition of terrigenous allochthonous material of low carbonate content originating from the surrounding hinterland (northern and southern source areas), and (2) the autochthonous production of large quantities of biogenic calcite by coccolithophores during the last period of about 3,000-4,000 years.
Project(s):
Funding:
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 36949: Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 42.358378 * Median Longitude: 34.835666 * South-bound Latitude: 40.960000 * West-bound Longitude: 28.598300 * North-bound Latitude: 45.180000 * East-bound Longitude: 41.500000
Event(s):
Botbasi (802) * Latitude: 40.960000 * Longitude: 30.510000 * Elevation: 8.0 m * Location: Sakarya, Turkey, Asia * Campaign: Global River Discharge * Method/Device: River gauging station (RGS) * Comment: Area: 55322 km**2; Mapcode of UNESCO report: B4
BS1430 * Latitude: 41.750000 * Longitude: 29.500000 * Elevation: -663.0 m * Location: Black Sea * Campaign: Atlantis_II_1969 * Basis: Atlantis II (1963) * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC)
BS1431 * Latitude: 42.233300 * Longitude: 33.066700 * Elevation: -2136.0 m * Location: Black Sea * Campaign: Atlantis_II_1969 * Basis: Atlantis II (1963) * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC)
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
9 datasets
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Datasets listed in this publication series
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 9) Chemical composition of carbonate-free clay fraction of surface sediment samples from the Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400781
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 6) Composition of deep-sea sands from the Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400779
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 10) Ion-exchange capacity of some Black Sea sediments. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400782
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Sakarya draining into Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400772
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Danube draining into Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400773
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Coruh draining into Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400774
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Kizil Irmak draining into Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400775
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 5) Analysis of <2 µm fraction in surface sediments of Unit 1 from the Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400777
- Müller, G; Stoffers, P (1974): (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Yesil Irmak draining into Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.400776