Citation:

j.dsr.2009.02.003

Name: Benthic organic carbon flux and oxygen penetration depth in the Southern Ocean
Published: 2009
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

For the investigation of organic carbon fluxes reaching the seafloor, oxygen microprofiles were measured at 145 sites in different sub-regions of the Southern Ocean. At eleven sites, an in situ oxygen microprofiler was deployed for the measurement of oxygen profiles and the calculation of organic carbon fluxes. At four sites, both in situ and ex situ data were determined for high latitudes. Based on this dataset as well as on previous published data, a relationship was established for the estimation of fluxes derived by ex situ measured O2 profiles. The fluxes of labile organic matter range from 0.5 to 37.1 mgC m**2/day. The high values determined by in situ measurements were observed in the Polar Front region (water depth of more than 4290 m) and are comparable to organic matter fluxes observed for high-productivity, upwelling areas like off West Africa. The oxygen penetration depth, which reflects the long-term organic matter flux to the sediment, was correlated with assemblages of key diatom species. In the Scotia Sea (~3000 m water depth), oxygen penetration depths of less than 15 cm were observed, indicating high benthic organic carbon fluxes. In contrast, the oxic zone extends down to several decimeters in abyssal sediments of the Weddell Sea and the southeastern South Atlantic. The regional pattern of organic carbon fluxes derived from micro-sensor data suggest that episodic and seasonal sedimentation pulses are important for the carbon supply to the seafloor of the deep Southern Ocean.

Related to:

de Wit, R; Relexans, Jean-Claude; Bouvier, T; Moriarthy, David J W (1997): Microbial respiration and diffusive oxygen uptake of deep-sea sediments in the Southern Ocean (ANTARES-1 cruise). Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 44(5), 1053-1069, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00002-7

Rabouille, Christophe; Gaillard, Jean-Francois; Relexans, Jean-Claude; Tréguer, Paul; Vincendeau, Marie-Anne (1998): Recycling of organic matter in Antarctic sediments: A transect through the polar front in the Southern Ocean (Indian Sector). Limnology and Oceanography, 43(3), 420-432, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420

Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M (1990): Oxygen in pore waters of deep-sea sediments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 331(1616), 69-84, http://www.jstor.org/stable/53654

Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M; Berger, Gijs W (1991): Scavenging and particle flux: seasonal and regional variations in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic Sector). Marine Chemistry, 35(1-4), 553-568, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(09)90042-1

Sauter, Eberhard-Jürgen; Schlüter, Michael; Suess, Erwin (2001): Organic carbon flux and remineralization in surface sediments from the northern North Atlantic derived from pore-water oxygen microprofiles. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 48(2), 529-553, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00061-3

Schlüter, Michael (1990): Zur Frühdiagenese von organischem Kohlenstoff und Opal in Sedimenten des südlichen und östlichen Weddellmeeres. Geochemische Analyse und Modellierung (Early diagenesis of organic carbon and opal in sediments of the southern and eastern Weddell Sea. Geochemical analysis and modelling). Berichte zur Polarforschung = Reports on Polar Research, 73, 156 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/BzP_0073_1990

Schlüter, Michael (1991): Organic carbon flux and oxygen penetration into sediments of the Weddell Sea: indicators for regional differences in export production. Marine Chemistry, 35(1-4), 569-579, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(09)90043-3

Smetacek, Victor; de Baar, Hein J W; Bathmann, Ulrich; Lochte, Karin; Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M (1997): Ecology and biogeochemistry of the Antarctic circumpolar current during austral spring: Southern Ocean JGOFS Cruise ANT X/6 of R.V. Polarstern. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 44(1-2), 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00100-2

Other version:

http://store.pangaea.de/Publications/SachsO_et_al_2009/SachsO_et_al_2009.zip

Project(s):

Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI (AWI_Paleo)

Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas (SPP1158)

Funding:

German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 5472008 : Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -61.995740 * Median Longitude: -20.027168 * South-bound Latitude: -78.244160 * West-bound Longitude: -120.929500 * North-bound Latitude: -42.000239 * East-bound Longitude: 61.002178

Date/Time Start: 1986-01-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2008-01-29T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m

Event(s):

KTB-06 (M3) * Latitude: -51.016258 * Longitude: 61.002178 * Date/Time: 1993-04-14T00:00:00 * Elevation: -4710.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: Le Suroît * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)

KTB-11 (H1) * Latitude: -48.016553 * Longitude: 57.016433 * Date/Time: 1993-04-19T00:00:00 * Elevation: -4395.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: Le Suroît * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)

KTB-13 (H2) * Latitude: -50.000253 * Longitude: 57.016556 * Date/Time: 1993-04-20T00:00:00 * Elevation: -4600.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: Le Suroît * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)

Comment:

see other version for graphs in high resolution. Data are related to the project DOMINO (Dynamics of benthic organic matter fluxes in polar deep-ocean environments), hdl:10013/epic.34113.d001

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Latitude of event	Latitude
3	Longitude of event	Longitude
4	DATE/TIME	Date/Time				Geocode
5	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
6	Depth, bathymetric	Bathy depth	m	Schlüter, Michael
7	Gear	Gear		Schlüter, Michael
8	Sample method	Sample method		Schlüter, Michael
9	Season	Season		Schlüter, Michael
10	Oxygen penetration depth	OPD depth	mm	Schlüter, Michael	Oxygen, microelectrode
11	Oxygen penetration depth	OPD depth	mm	Schlüter, Michael	Calculated
12	Oxygen penetration depth, standard deviation	OPD std dev	±	Schlüter, Michael	Calculated
13	Total mass, flux per day	Tot mass flux	mg/m²/day	Schlüter, Michael	Calculated	uncorrected
14	Factor	Factor		Schlüter, Michael
15	Carbon, organic, flux	TOC flux	mg/m²/day	Schlüter, Michael	Calculated
16	Biological province	Bio prov		Schlüter, Michael
17	Reference of data	Ref data		Schlüter, Michael
18	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Schlüter, Michael
19	Area/locality	Area		Schlüter, Michael
20	Comment	Comment		Schlüter, Michael

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1489 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Date/Time	6 Bathy depth [m]	7 Gear	8 Sample method	9 Season	10 OPD depth [mm] (Oxygen, microelectrode)	11 OPD depth [mm] (Calculated)	12 OPD std dev [±] (Calculated)	13 Tot mass flux [mg/m²/day] (uncorrected, Calculated)	14 Factor	15 TOC flux [mg/m²/day] (Calculated)	16 Bio prov	17 Ref data	18 URL ref	19 Area	20 Comment
KTB-06	-51.0163	61.0022	1993-04-14	4710	MUC	ex situ	autumn		700	410	9.3	2.8	3.3	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin	Riaux-Gobin et al. (1997): 5-10mm fluff
KTB-11	-48.0166	57.0164	1993-04-19	4395	MUC	ex situ	autumn		550	60	19.9	2.7	7.5	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-13	-50.0003	57.0166	1993-04-20	4600	MUC	ex situ	autumn		>1000		11.3	2.7	4.1	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-16	-47.0167	55.0166	1993-04-23	4240	MUC	ex situ	autumn		400	150	25.0	2.6	9.6	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-19	-47.0001	58.0002	1993-04-25	4590	MUC	ex situ	autumn		380	240	7.0	2.7	2.6	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-23	-45.0000	57.0162	1993-04-30	4550	MUC	ex situ	autumn		270	110	10.8	2.7	4.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-26	-43.0162	55.0162	1993-05-05	4460	MUC	ex situ	autumn		250	80	21.6	2.7	8.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-28	-43.0002	58.0001	1993-05-07	4730	MUC	ex situ	autumn		200	70	21.0	2.8	7.5	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
KTB-33	-42.0002	58.0007	1993-05-11	4870	MUC	ex situ	autumn		310	120	10.9	2.9	3.8		de Wit et al. (1997) and Rabouille et al. (1998)	doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0420	Cozet Basin
PS1472-1	-76.5867	-30.5397	1986-01-12	259	KG	ex situ	summer	20						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1474-1	-75.8577	-36.3860	1986-01-15	593	GKG	ex situ	summer		170	80				Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1475-1	-76.4923	-31.1008	1986-01-17	351	KG	ex situ	summer	55						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1477-1	-70.1020	-6.7725	1986-01-23	1956	KG	ex situ	summer		200	100				Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1478-1	-70.3772	-12.5878	1986-01-24	2264	KG	ex situ	summer		600	270					this study
PS1479-1	-70.5505	-13.3938	1986-01-25	2362	KG	ex situ	summer		600	350					this study
PS1480-2	-70.7815	-12.6393	1986-01-25	2112	GKG	ex situ	summer		700	270					this study
PS1481-2	-70.8312	-13.9563	1986-01-26	2494	KG	ex situ	summer		>1000						this study
PS1482-2	-70.5003	-14.8413	1986-01-28	4538	GKG	ex situ	summer		>1000						this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1483-2	-71.7200	-19.2482	1986-01-31	4175	GKG	ex situ	summer		>1000						this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1484-2	-71.7580	-21.2745	1986-02-01	4252	KG	ex situ	summer		>1000						this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1485-1	-72.5570	-18.7775	1986-02-02	2109	GKG	ex situ	summer	60							Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990)
PS1486-2	-73.4030	-23.0860	1986-02-03	2615	GKG	ex situ	summer	325							this study
PS1487-1	-75.3337	-27.2582	1986-02-05	279	GKG	ex situ	summer	24						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1488-2	-75.9848	-32.9928	1986-02-07	750	KG	ex situ	summer		350	210				Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1489-3	-74.6560	-31.9647	1986-02-08	610	GKG	ex situ	summer	43						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1490-2	-74.6775	-35.0858	1986-02-09	495	KG	ex situ	summer	170						Antarctic shelf and slope	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990)
PS1491-3	-74.6578	-36.9847	1986-02-10	373	GKG	ex situ	summer	120						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1492-1	-74.4177	-35.5008	1986-02-10	1219	GKG	ex situ	summer		240	110				Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1493-2	-74.2485	-35.4853	1986-02-11	1809	GKG	ex situ	summer		>1000					Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1494-3	-74.1813	-35.4898	1986-02-11	1941	KG	ex situ	summer		600	170				Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1495-1	-74.1825	-36.5930	1986-02-12	1607	GKG	ex situ	summer	275						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1496-2	-73.9883	-35.1552	1986-02-12	2348	GKG	ex situ	summer	390							this study
PS1498-1	-73.4862	-35.5275	1986-02-14	2872	GKG	ex situ	summer		550	300					this study
PS1499-2	-73.4998	-32.0212	1986-02-14	2887	KG	ex situ	summer		500	150					Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990)
PS1500-2	-72.2908	-30.8240	1986-02-15	3592	GKG	ex situ	summer		950	530					this study
PS1501-1	-73.8197	-24.1955	1986-02-20	1724	GKG	ex situ	summer	12						Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1502-1	-72.3835	-19.9057	1986-02-22	3601	GKG	ex situ	summer		900	450					this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1505-1	-70.5852	-7.9348	1986-02-26	163	GKG	ex situ	summer		180	50				Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1506-2	-68.7488	-5.8743	1986-03-02	2457	GKG	ex situ	autumn		750	290					this study
PS1507-2	-68.6300	-24.0533	1986-03-04	4801	GKG	ex situ	autumn		>1000						Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990)		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1508-2	-66.9940	-32.3610	1986-03-05	4686	GKG	ex situ	autumn		>1000						this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1509-2	-64.9978	-42.0303	1986-03-07	4701	KG	ex situ	autumn		>1000						this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1537-2	-61.9890	-55.8830	1987-11-05	2088	GKG	ex situ	spring	20						Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Drake Passage
PS1543-1	-60.7958	-58.6122	1987-11-12	4468	GKG	ex situ	spring	275						Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Drake Passage
PS1549-1	-62.9870	-60.2227	1987-11-16	1002	MUC	ex situ	spring	20			46.5	1.3	35.5	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Bransfield Strait
PS1555-2	-66.7517	-65.0482	1987-11-30	225	MUC	ex situ	spring	15			37.1	0.0	37.1	Chaetoceros spp.	this study
PS1557-1	-65.3577	-66.4575	1987-12-02	471	GKG	ex situ	summer	25						Chaetoceros spp.	this study
PS1565-3	-63.8965	-69.4968	1987-12-05	462	MUC	ex situ	summer		390	15	25.7	0.0	25.7	Chaetoceros spp.	this study
PS1590-1	-70.5817	-14.3837	1988-01-18	3453	GKG	ex situ	summer		450	290					Schlüter, M (1990)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001	Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1595-2	-73.5170	-22.7177	1988-01-20	1185	GKG	ex situ	summer		40	10				Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1596-2	-74.2608	-26.2853	1988-01-21	2494	MUC	ex situ	summer	80			19.9	1.9	10.4		Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1599-2	-74.0747	-27.7210	1988-01-22	2482	MUC	ex situ	summer	320			16.3	1.9	8.6		Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1605-2	-74.0552	-31.7612	1988-01-25	1674	MUC	ex situ	summer		250	150	7.9	1.6	5.0	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1606-2	-73.5020	-34.0297	1988-01-25	2932	MUC	ex situ	summer		>1000		5.1	2.1	2.4		Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001	Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1607-2	-74.1040	-33.6657	1988-01-26	1598	MUC	ex situ	summer		500	270	2.8	1.5	1.8	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1611-4	-74.6150	-36.0963	1988-01-27	422	MUC	ex situ	summer	50			19.1	0.0	19.1	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1622-2	-78.2442	-37.7713	1988-02-01	1097	MUC	ex situ	summer		650	160	0.7	1.3	0.5	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001		Covered by Filchner Ice-shelf until spring 1986
PS1625-2	-77.8447	-38.0475	1988-02-02	1178	MUC	ex situ	summer		1000	540	3.5	1.4	2.6	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001		Covered by Filchner Ice-shelf until spring 1986
PS1635-3	-71.8635	-23.4563	1988-02-15	3958	MUC	ex situ	summer		>1000		1.5	2.5	0.6		Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001	Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1636-2	-72.3437	-26.8233	1988-02-16	3764	MUC	ex situ	summer		>1000		1.5	2.4	0.6		Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001	Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1637-2	-74.7622	-26.4387	1988-02-18	444	MUC	ex situ	summer		20	7	24.5	0.0	24.5	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1638-2	-69.7273	-9.9093	1988-02-24	2365	MUC	ex situ	summer		450	140	12.7	1.9	6.8		Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1639-2	-70.5043	-10.6252	1988-02-25	1566	MUC	ex situ	summer	60			4.6	1.5	3.0	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1645-2	-70.9295	-13.1562	1988-02-29	1905	MUC	ex situ	summer	50			7.9	1.7	4.7	Antarctic shelf and slope	Schlüter, M (1990) and Schlüter, M (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10073.d001
PS1751-2	-44.4983	10.4810	1989-11-04	4770	MUC	ex situ	spring		800	250	28.2	2.8	10.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001	Agulhas Basin
PS1755-7	-47.7900	7.1000	1989-11-06	4263	MUC	ex situ	spring		600	190	16.9	2.6	6.5	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001
PS1759-1	-50.1650	5.7550	1989-11-08	3717	MUC	ex situ	spring		310	60	14.3	2.4	6.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001		Fischer et al. (1998): Fluff
PS1765-1	-51.8315	4.8630	1989-11-10	3749	MUC	ex situ	spring	100			12.0	2.4	5.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001
PS1768-1	-52.5890	4.4650	1989-11-11	3298	MUC	ex situ	spring		370	40	19.9	2.2	9.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001		Fischer et al. (1998): Fluff
PS1772-6	-55.4583	1.1667	1989-11-13	4136	MUC	ex situ	spring		900	240	12.3	2.6	4.8	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001
PS1776-6	-49.7300	-8.7717	1989-11-17	3161	MUC	ex situ	spring	100			36.4	2.2	16.8		Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001
PS1777-7	-48.2333	-11.0333	1989-11-17	2556	MUC	ex situ	spring	190			11.5	1.9	6.0		Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001
PS1782-6	-55.1920	-18.6033	1989-11-21	5016	MUC	ex situ	spring	80			27.3			Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Rutgers van der Loeff, M (1990) and Rutgers van der Loeff, M; Berger, GW (1991)	hdl:10013/epic.10074.d001	South Sandwich Basin	fluid sed., corr. not possible
PS1811-1	-66.0888	33.7008	1990-03-23	1146	MUC	ex situ	autumn		120	50	15.7	1.4	11.5	Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1812-1	-66.0620	33.2762	1990-03-26	1358	MUC	ex situ	autumn		230	128	23.9	1.5	16.4	Antarctic shelf and slope	this study
PS1823-5	-65.9362	30.8333	1990-04-05	4442	MUC	ex situ	autumn		750	540	3.6	2.7	1.3		this study		Enderby Abyssal Plain
PS1826-6	-65.0292	9.1852	1990-04-13	4783	MUC	ex situ	autumn		700	590	5.1	2.8	1.8		this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS1832-4	-64.9123	-2.5505	1990-04-17	5060	MUC	ex situ	autumn		>1000		9.3	2.9	3.2		this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS2257-1	-45.0118	-38.5418	1992-08-14	4886	MUC	ex situ	winter	46			8.2	2.9	2.9	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Argentine Basin
PS2258-1	-45.7550	-38.1727	1992-08-15	5318	MIC	ex situ	winter		170	20	8.2	3.0	2.7	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Argentine Basin
PS2262-1	-48.4982	-37.0212	1992-08-16	5408	MIC	ex situ	winter		600	200	10.2	3.1	3.3	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Argentine Basin
PS2276-2	-54.6385	-23.9550	1992-08-24	4381	MUC	ex situ	winter		450	20	8.8	2.7	3.3	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study		South Sandwich Basin
PS2278-5	-55.9693	-22.2515	1992-08-25	4414	MUC	ex situ	winter		550	170	9.3	2.7	3.5	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study		South Sandwich Basin
PS2280-1	-56.8275	-22.3252	1992-08-26	4747	MUC	ex situ	winter	150			10.9	2.8	3.9	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study		South Sandwich Basin
PS2288-1	-57.7560	-25.3360	1992-09-03	3880	MUC	ex situ	spring		140	30	3.4	2.5	1.4	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2290-1	-57.7342	-25.6258	1992-09-04	3449	MUC	ex situ	spring		220	100	1.4	2.3	0.6	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2292-1	-57.5352	-27.4560	1992-09-04	3164	MUC	ex situ	spring	80			6.5	2.2	3.0	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2293-1	-57.5210	-28.4988	1992-09-05	3355	MUC	ex situ	spring	65			13.1	2.3	5.8	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2299-1	-57.5092	-30.2345	1992-09-07	3378	MUC	ex situ	spring	80			6.8	2.3	3.0	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2304-2	-58.2315	-31.5073	1992-09-09	3824	MUC	ex situ	spring	95			21.6	2.4	8.9	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2305-1	-58.7268	-33.0055	1992-09-09	3241	MUC	ex situ	spring		90	20	10.0	2.2	4.5	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2306-1	-58.9990	-35.8397	1992-09-10	1979	MUC	ex situ	spring		80	20	13.3	1.7	7.8	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2307-2	-59.0588	-35.5772	1992-09-10	2528	MUC	ex situ	spring	90			16.6	1.9	8.7	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2312-1	-59.8263	-39.7053	1992-09-12	1666	MUC	ex situ	spring	65			12.0	1.6	7.6	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2314-1	-59.5487	-40.5095	1992-09-12	2333	MUC	ex situ	spring	60			8.6	1.8	4.7	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2315-1	-59.5428	-40.8233	1992-09-12	2911	MUC	ex situ	spring		70	20	10.9	2.1	5.2	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2316-1	-59.4832	-41.3352	1992-09-12	3639	MUC	ex situ	spring		40		12.0	2.4	5.1	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2317-1	-59.6395	-41.9875	1992-09-13	4035	MUC	ex situ	spring		70	20	16.3	2.5	6.5	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2318-1	-59.8373	-42.8838	1992-09-13	4546	MUC	ex situ	spring	70			18.0	2.7	6.6	Chaetoceros spp.	this study		Scotia Sea
PS2357-2	-56.9446	-30.5320	1992-10-05	3374	MUC	ex situ	spring	30			14.0	2.3	6.2	Chaetoceros spp.	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001	Scotia Sea
PS2361-1	-55.0187	-5.9076	1992-10-14	3194	MUC	ex situ	spring		250	130	8.3	2.2	3.8	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2362-1	-53.0393	-5.9242	1992-10-15	2688	MUC	ex situ	spring		350	50	6.6	2.0	3.3	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2365-1	-55.0170	-6.0227	1992-10-25	3117	free fall lander	in situ	spring		350	40			6.0	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study
PS2365-2	-55.0170	-6.0228	1992-10-25	3117	MUC	ex situ	spring		220	160	14.9	2.2	6.9	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2366-1	-51.0098	-5.9565	1992-10-27	2060	MUC	ex situ	spring		100	15	14.0	1.7	8.1	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2367-1	-49.1289	-6.0043	1992-10-29	3715	MUC	ex situ	spring		350	210	7.4	2.4	3.1	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2370-4	-58.3815	-5.9300	1992-11-05	5039	MUC	ex situ	spring		220	100	5.8	2.9	2.0		Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001	Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS2371-1	-57.0669	-5.9916	1992-11-12	3660	MUC	ex situ	spring		220	120	10.7	2.4	4.5	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2372-1	-53.9961	-6.0025	1992-11-15	2341	MUC	ex situ	spring		350	160	5.0	1.8	2.7	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2376-1	-48.5667	-6.0000	1992-11-22	4091	MUC	ex situ	spring		270	200	10.7	2.5	4.2	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	Holby, O et al. (1994) and Smetacek, V et al. (1997)	hdl:10013/epic.10136.d001
PS2376-4	-48.5700	-6.0000	1992-11-22	4091	free fall lander	in situ	spring		140	30			4.8	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study
PS2522-1	-66.8900	-74.1217	1994-01-28	3436	MUC	ex situ	summer		200	70	12.6	2.3	5.5	Chaetoceros spp.	Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2527-1	-71.4762	-76.0850	1994-02-06	730	MUC	ex situ	summer	17			12.3	0.0	12.3	Antarctic shelf and slope	Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2528-1	-71.9917	-75.2800	1994-02-06	446	MUC	ex situ	summer	27			5.0	0.0	5.0	Antarctic shelf and slope	Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2537-1	-69.3050	-89.7350	1994-02-16	3781	MUC	ex situ	summer		>1000		19.1	2.4	7.9		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2538-1	-69.7300	-88.9217	1994-02-17	3236	MUC	ex situ	summer		750	80	20.9	2.2	9.5		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2539-2	-69.8550	-88.7100	1994-02-17	2646	MUC	ex situ	summer		550	250	12.2	2.0	6.2		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2542-1	-70.5167	-87.0983	1994-02-18	677	MUC	ex situ	summer		70	20	6.9	0.0	6.9	Antarctic shelf and slope	Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2543-3	-70.9500	-89.3567	1994-02-18	537	MUC	ex situ	summer	45			12.4	0.0	12.4	Antarctic shelf and slope	Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2546-1	-72.0520	-120.9295	1994-03-02	2384	MUC	ex situ	autumn		400	270	7.8	1.9	4.2		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Amundsen Sea
PS2547-2	-71.1508	-119.9190	1994-03-02	2092	MUC	ex situ	autumn		400	80	12.2	1.7	7.0		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Amundsen Sea
PS2548-2	-70.7897	-119.5072	1994-03-02	2642	MUC	ex situ	autumn		200	60	1.2	2.0	0.6		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Amundsen Sea
PS2550-1	-69.8583	-118.2217	1994-03-03	3108	MUC	ex situ	autumn		>1000		12.9	2.2	6.0		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Amundsen Sea
PS2553-2	-69.4950	-97.4433	1994-03-05	4299	MUC	ex situ	autumn		650	180	2.3	2.6	0.9		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS2556-1	-69.4983	-94.1683	1994-03-08	3586	MUC	ex situ	autumn		350	170	12.6	2.3	5.4		Holby, O (1996) and this study	hdl:10013/epic.10189.d001	Bellingshausen Sea
PS65/594-3	-42.9985	4.9844	2004-03-30	4909	MUC	ex situ	autumn		950	200	4.2	2.9	1.4		this study		Cape Basin
PS65/596-2	-47.0102	2.9988	2004-04-01	4332	MUC	ex situ	autumn		>1000		9.6	2.6	3.7	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study		Cape Basin
PS65/598-1	-49.3083	2.1946	2004-04-02	3942	free fall lander	in situ	autumn		850	180			9.6	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			EIFEX, Fluff: 5mm
PS65/600-1	-49.9979	2.3370	2004-04-03	3589	free fall lander	in situ	autumn		550	260			9.4	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			PF (2004), fluff: 5mm
PS65/600-2	-50.0033	2.3271	2004-04-03	3564	MUC	ex situ	autumn		800	90	10.1			Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			PF (2004), consistent fluff: 5mm, corr. not possible
PS65/701-2	-59.9870	3.5191	2004-04-27	5341	MUC	ex situ	autumn		>1000		2.8	3.0	0.9		this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS65/703-1	-52.5853	9.0032	2004-04-29	3330	free fall lander	in situ	autumn		250	50			3.3	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study
PS65/703-2	-52.5809	8.9931	2004-04-29	3314	MUC	ex situ	autumn		190	40	7.5	2.2	3.4	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study
PS65/705-1	-49.0011	12.2553	2004-04-30	4293	free fall lander	in situ	autumn	90					13.1	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			Fluid sediment!
PS71/013-12	-52.0370	-0.0173	2007-12-06	3000	MUC	ex situ	summer		430	30	4.6			Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			Mean flux (PS71/013-12, PS71/013-14), jogurt like sed.: corr. not poss.
PS71/013-2	-52.0069	0.0180	2007-12-05	2990	free fall lander	in situ	summer						3.3	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			Jogurt like sed.: corr. not poss.
PS71/017-12	-70.0810	-3.3766	2007-12-22	1927	MUC	ex situ	summer		320	60	3.4	1.7	2.0	Antarctic shelf and slope	this study			Mean flux (PS71/017-12, PS71/017-14)
PS71/033-19	-62.0076	-2.9784	2007-12-31	5338	MUC	ex situ	summer		>1000		9.2	3.0	3.0		this study		Weddell Abyssal Plain
PS71/039-10	-64.4805	2.8747	2008-01-03	2151	MUC	ex situ	summer		600	50	3.7	1.8	2.1		this study		Maud Rise
PS71/039-4	-64.5032	2.8760	2008-01-03	2125	free fall lander	in situ	summer		570	60			2.4		this study		Maud Rise
PS71/047-1	-69.6733	1.0374	2008-01-07	1843	free fall lander	in situ	summer		100	20			9.0	Antarctic shelf and slope	this study			Coastal polynia
PS71/084-1	-52.2004	0.0029	2008-01-26	3004	free fall lander	in situ	summer		420	100			7.7	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study
PS71/085-1	-52.0191	0.0011	2008-01-26	2995	free fall lander	in situ	summer		420	80			9.1	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			Jogurt like sed.: corr. not poss.
PS71/085-5	-52.0200	0.0034	2008-01-26	2981	MUC	ex situ	summer		470	100	11.0			Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study			Green aggregates, jogurt like sed.: corr. not poss.
PS71/090-2	-49.0158	0.0005	2008-01-29	3980	MUC	ex situ	summer		200	30	6.0	2.5	2.4	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis	this study