/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Heygster, Georg; Pedersen, Leif Toudal; Turner, John; Thomas, Christian; Hunewinkel, Thomas; Schottmueller, Hellmut; Viehoff, Thomas (1996): Ice concentration in the Southern Ocean for the years 1978 to 1997, results from the PELICON Project. Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.64431 Abstract: Sea ice is an integral part of the climate system of the high latitude regions. Up to now, control of its occurrence and extent, especially its interannual and long-term variability, has proved difficult to isolate or quantify, especially in the data devoid regions of the Southern Ocean. The consequences of climate change induced, for example, by the continued increase of greenhouse gases, on the occurrence of sea ice, is even less certain, although the theory at least suggests that sea ice extent changes could be expected to have a positive feedback role, i.e. that reduced ice extent could be expected to enhance warming at high latitudes. The interaction of sea ice with the polar ocean and atmosphere can be summerized as follows: - The snow covered sea ice reflects the solar illumination much stronger compared to open water areas. Therefore, changes in the horizontal coverage of sea ice (ice concentration) would be related to changes of the surface reflectivity. In the polar winter, sea ice isolates the ocean from the cold polar atmosphere and reduces the heat transfer by one or two orders. Both has a strong impact on the radiation balance. - Sea ice growth and melting has a signinficant influence on the circulation of the oceans. The formation of sea ice increases the water density of the ocean boundary layer due to rejection of brine. This results in an unstable stratification of the ocean layer and deep water formation can occure. The opposite behaviour can be observed when sea ice melts. The additional freshwater causes the ocean to form a stable boundary layer. Original version: Heygster, Georg; Pedersen, Leif Toudal; Turner, John; Thomas, Christian; Hunewinkel, Thomas; Schottmueller, Hellmut; Viehoff, Thomas (1996): PELICON: Project for estimation of long-term variability of ice concentration. EC Contract Report EV5V-CT93-0268 (DG 12), Bremen, CD Vol.1: 1978-1992, zip-archive 477 MB, https://store.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/PELICON_Vol-1.zip Heygster, Georg; Pedersen, Leif Toudal; Turner, John; Thomas, Christian; Hunewinkel, Thomas; Schottmueller, Hellmut; Viehoff, Thomas (1996): PELICON: Project for estimation of long-term variability of ice concentration. EC Contract Report EV5V-CT93-0268 (DG 12), Bremen. CD Vol.2: 1993-1997, zip-archive 345 MB, https://store.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/PELICON_Vol-2.zip Further details: PELICON - Project for Estimation of Long-term variability in Ice CONcentration (homepage in pdf-format) (URI: https://store.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/pelicon-homepage.pdf) Coverage: DATE/TIME START: 1987-01-01T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1992-01-01T00:00:00 MINIMUM ORDINAL NUMBER: 1 * MAXIMUM ORDINAL NUMBER: 40 Event(s): PELICON * DATE/TIME START: 1987-01-01T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1992-01-01T00:00:00 * LOCATION: Southern Ocean * CAMPAIGN: PELICON (URI: https://store.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/PELICON_Vol-1.zip) * METHOD/DEVICE: Observation (OBSE) Comment: "Orignal version" references link to zip-archives which contain the content of CD-ROM Vol.1 and Vol.2. "View dataset as HTML" shows a table with links to the sea ice limits given in latitude/longitude polygons in simple text-format. The files are organized in year and month with the file name containing the datum of the day of observation. Link to the original project homepage: http://www.iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/iuppage/pelicon_e.html Parameter(s): ORDINAL NUMBER (Ord No) * GEOCODE Date/time start (Date/time start) * PI: Heygster, Georg (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-7429, heygster@physik.uni-bremen.de) Date/time end (Date/time end) * PI: Heygster, Georg (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-7429, heygster@physik.uni-bremen.de) Description (Description) * PI: Heygster, Georg (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-7429, heygster@physik.uni-bremen.de) Uniform resource locator/link to raw data file (URL raw) * PI: Heygster, Georg (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-7429, heygster@physik.uni-bremen.de) License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 160 data points */ Ord No Date/time start Date/time end Description URL raw 1 1978-10-25 1978-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1978.zip 2 1979-01-01 1979-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1979.zip 3 1980-01-01 1980-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1980.zip 4 1981-01-01 1981-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1981.zip 5 1982-01-01 1982-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1982.zip 6 1983-01-01 1983-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1983.zip 7 1984-01-01 1984-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1984.zip 8 1985-01-01 1985-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1985.zip 9 1986-01-01 1986-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1986.zip 10 1987-01-01 1987-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1987.zip 11 1988-01-01 1988-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1988.zip 12 1989-01-01 1989-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1989.zip 13 1990-01-01 1990-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1990.zip 14 1991-01-01 1991-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1991.zip 15 1992-01-01 1992-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1992.zip 16 1993-01-01 1993-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1993.zip 17 1994-01-01 1994-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1994.zip 18 1995-01-01 1995-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1995.zip 19 1996-01-01 1996-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1996.zip 20 1997-01-01 1997-03-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 15% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_15_1997.zip 21 1978-10-25 1978-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1978.zip 22 1979-01-01 1979-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1979.zip 23 1980-01-01 1980-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1980.zip 24 1981-01-01 1981-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1981.zip 25 1982-01-01 1982-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1982.zip 26 1983-01-01 1983-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1983.zip 27 1984-01-01 1984-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1984.zip 28 1985-01-01 1985-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1985.zip 29 1986-01-01 1986-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1986.zip 30 1987-01-01 1987-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1987.zip 31 1988-01-01 1988-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1988.zip 32 1989-01-01 1989-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1989.zip 33 1990-01-01 1990-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1990.zip 34 1991-01-01 1991-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1991.zip 35 1992-01-01 1992-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1992.zip 36 1993-01-01 1993-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1993.zip 37 1994-01-01 1994-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1994.zip 38 1995-01-01 1995-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1995.zip 39 1996-01-01 1996-12-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1996.zip 40 1997-01-01 1997-03-31 Ice concentration; Pos. of 33% ice edge, calculated with the NASA-2 algorithm https://hs.pangaea.de/Projects/PELICON/edge_33_1997.zip