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Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M; Kühne, Stephan; Wahsner, Monika; Höltzen, Heike; Frank, Markus; Ekwurzel, Brenda; Mensch, Manfred; Rachold, Volker (2003): Radium 228 and Radium 226 in surface water of the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.60021, Supplement to: Rutgers van der Loeff, MM et al. (2003): 228Ra and 226Ra in the Kara and Laptev seas. Continental Shelf Research, 23(1), 113-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00169-3

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Abstract:
The surface water in the Transpolar Drift in the Arctic Ocean has a strong signature of 228Ra. In an earlier study of 228Ra in the open Arctic we showed that the major 228Ra source had to be in the Siberian shelf seas, but only a single shelf station was published so far. Here we investigate the sources of this signal on the Siberian shelves by measurements of 228Ra and 226Ra in surface waters of the Kara and Laptev Sea, including the Ob, Yenisey and Lena estuaries.
In the Ob and Lena rivers we found an indication for a very strong and unexpected removal of both isotopes in the early stage of estuarine mixing, presumably related to flocculation of organic-rich material. Whereas 226Ra behaves conservatively on the shelf, the distribution of 228Ra is governed by large inputs on the shelves, although sources are highly variable. In the Kara Sea the maximum activity was found in the Baydaratskaya Bay, where tidal resonance and low freshwater supply favour 228Ra accumulation. The Laptev Sea is a stronger source for 228Ra than the Kara Sea. Since a large part of Kara Sea water flows through the Laptev Sea, the 228Ra signal in the Transpolar Drift can be described as originating on the Laptev shelf.
The combined freshwater inputs from the Eurasian shelves thus produce a common radium signature with a 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio of 4.0 at 20% river water. The radium signals of the individual Siberian rivers and shelves cannot be separated, but their signal is significantly different from the signal produced on the Canadian shelf (Smith et al., in press). In this respect, the radium tracers add to the information given by Barium. Moreover, with the 5.8 year half-life of 228Ra, they have the potential to serve as a tracer for the age of a water mass since its contact with the shelves.
Funding:
Fourth Framework Programme (FP4), grant/award no. MAS3980185: Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 76.795496 * Median Longitude: 92.899991 * South-bound Latitude: 68.823833 * West-bound Longitude: 30.253333 * North-bound Latitude: 82.771667 * East-bound Longitude: 133.548333
Date/Time Start: 1993-08-12T10:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1999-09-04T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, water: 1.00 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 1.00 m
Event(s):
Lena99_1 (L1)  * Latitude: 72.210000 * Longitude: 126.320000 * Date/Time: 1999-09-02T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1.0 m * Campaign: RU-Land_1999_Lena (Lena-Delta1999) * Basis: AWI Arctic Land Expedition * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)
Lena99_2 (L2)  * Latitude: 72.160000 * Longitude: 127.520000 * Date/Time: 1999-09-03T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2.0 m * Campaign: RU-Land_1999_Lena (Lena-Delta1999) * Basis: AWI Arctic Land Expedition * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)
Lena99_3 (L3)  * Latitude: 72.010000 * Longitude: 129.080000 * Date/Time: 1999-09-04T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3.0 m * Campaign: RU-Land_1999_Lena (Lena-Delta1999) * Basis: AWI Arctic Land Expedition * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEvent
Latitude of eventLatitude
Longitude of eventLongitude
Elevation of eventElevationm
DEPTH, waterDepth watermGeocode
SalinitySalRutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M
Radium-226226Radpm/m3Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel Mfiltered 20-L-samples
Radium-226, standard deviation226Ra std dev±Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MCalculated
Radium-228228Radpm/m3Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MCalculatedfrom ratio and 226Ra
10 Radium-228, standard deviation228Ra std dev±Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M
11 Radium-228/Radium-226 activity ratio(228Ra/226Ra)Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MGamma-ray spectrometryfiltered large-volume samples
12 Radium-228/Radium-226 activity ratio, standard deviation(228Ra/226Ra) std dev±Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MCalculated
13 δ18O, waterδ18O H2O‰ SMOWRutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MIsotope ratio mass spectrometry
14 δ18O, standard deviationδ18O std dev±Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MIsotope ratio mass spectrometry
15 River water percentageRiver water%Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel MCalculatedfrom d18O and salinity, using Ostlund & Hut, 1984 model at salinities >10 per mil
Size:
369 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation [m]

Depth water [m]

Sal

226Ra [dpm/m3]

226Ra std dev [±]

228Ra [dpm/m3]
10 
228Ra std dev [±]
11 
(228Ra/226Ra)
12 
(228Ra/226Ra) std dev [±]
13 
δ18O H2O [‰ SMOW]
14 
δ18O std dev [±]
15 
River water [%]
Lena99_1 72.2100126.3200-1.01.000.080085.23.9118.86.51.330.0499.8
Lena99_2 72.1600127.5200-2.01.000.070060.93.1110.98.01.740.0999.8
Lena99_3 72.0100129.0800-3.01.000.2100131.14.1248.99.01.810.0399.4
Men4377-1 70.587058.1500-236.01.0024.780078.84.3156.813.21.910.12-1.240.0610.8
Men4380-1 72.636459.9716-87.01.0031.260070.33.2138.014.31.880.18-1.430.0010.5
Men4384-1 73.556064.4530-168.01.0034.130090.44.3154.410.51.640.08
Men4384-173.556064.4530-168.01.0010.600028.13.270.68.82.410.13
Men4387-1 71.992364.5703-152.01.0030.940085.54.5224.619.02.510.17
Men4392-1 69.660065.95001.0028.860068.23.0237.317.73.310.20-2.200.0315.2
Men4395-1 74.231573.0133-31.01.0023.810061.43.6138.013.22.150.16-5.850.0135.3
Men4397-1 75.983372.9683-150.01.0014.870048.83.556.311.91.110.22-9.190.0450.4
Men4398-1 76.008379.9637-55.01.0023.590057.04.0161.717.82.700.23-5.080.0129.8
Men4400-1 74.150079.5480-29.01.0032.750087.43.8121.910.41.330.10-1.950.0612.4
Men4400-174.150079.5480-29.01.0024.460056.14.0132.016.72.240.23-5.090.0330.3
Men4402-1 73.327079.5290-39.01.009.450045.84.1128.917.12.690.26-13.430.0372.9
Men4405-1 71.720083.4100-41.01.000.970032.73.481.39.92.360.15-16.740.0197.2
Men4414-1 73.651273.5167-25.01.0016.880046.13.8108.611.82.260.16-9.180.0562.0
Men4415-1 72.910073.42001.008.190040.14.196.816.62.320.32-12.600.0776.5
Men4416-1 71.743073.0883-18.01.001.290023.93.745.89.71.680.24-15.770.0396.3
Men4417-1 70.915773.4533-20.01.000.030026.34.841.89.51.390.18-16.130.0299.9
Men4418-1 68.823873.6107-14.01.000.0100273.16.1409.437.01.440.13100.0
PS27/006 81.203330.5817-185.01.0033.570068.93.956.03.70.780.020.051.5
PS27/014 81.658330.2533-2657.01.0032.800090.54.553.13.60.560.03-0.052.1
PS27/019 82.751740.2100-2971.01.0033.500063.84.632.72.70.490.02-0.031.8
PS27/024 82.161742.0450-1195.01.0033.300070.74.143.93.10.590.02-0.021.9
PS27/027 82.021743.5517-289.01.0033.500085.54.247.93.00.530.020.061.5
PS27/02782.021743.5517-289.01.0031.700074.34.366.45.60.860.05-0.253.3
PS27/02782.021743.5517-289.01.0026.000044.43.989.68.61.940.08-6.4441.8
PS27/028 78.0367102.3367-158.01.0027.990061.04.0106.410.21.680.12-3.2416.5
PS27/031 76.4967133.1717-39.01.0027.100059.83.9239.121.73.860.25-4.3922.0
PS27/033 79.6450130.5500-3420.01.0032.380077.33.8113.56.51.420.04-1.367.8
PS27/035 78.3800133.0583-2037.01.0032.590081.44.1121.47.71.410.05-1.106.6
PS27/039 78.1000133.5183-533.01.0032.170033.93.065.26.31.820.07-1.297.5
PS27/046 77.4700126.0850-1754.01.0032.530079.63.9128.78.01.530.06
PS27/048 77.1283126.3550-512.01.0031.630069.13.8133.412.01.870.13-1.468.3
PS27/049 77.0983126.3133-218.01.0031.390072.33.6151.610.72.030.10-1.337.8
PS27/053 79.2600122.8850-3244.01.0033.740073.04.743.63.60.560.03-0.413.3
PS27/058 78.0033118.5533-1929.01.0033.480062.43.661.84.80.940.05-0.584.1
PS27/062 77.4117118.1750-571.01.0032.950072.74.0105.86.61.410.04-1.156.7
PS27/065 77.1850118.7367-107.01.0032.760079.24.3126.911.81.510.12
PS27/069 78.6917112.5300-517.01.0032.680062.43.583.95.61.270.05-1.136.7