Clausen, Henrik Brink; Wolff, Eric William (1999): GRIP Acidity. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.55083
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
Clausen, Henrik Brink; Hammer, C U; Christensen, John P; Hvidberg, Christine Schøtt; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Legrand, Michel R; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder (1995): 1250 years of global volcanism as revealed by central Greenland ice cores. In: Delmas, R (ed.), Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical cycles, Annecy, France, NATO Advanced Sciences Institutes Series 1, 30, 175-194
Clausen, Henrik Brink; Hammer, C U; Hvidberg, Christine Schøtt; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Legrand, Michel R (1997): A comparison of the volcanic records over the past 4000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26707-26724, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC00587
GRIP/GISP (1997): The Greenland Summit Ice Cores CD-ROM GISP2/GRIP. National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder Colorado, CD-ROM, grip-gisp.iso
Moore, J Casey; Mulvaney, Robert; Paren, J G (1989): Dielectric stratigraphy of ice: a new technique for determining total ionic concentrations in polar ice cores. Geophysical Research Letters, 16, 1177-1180, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL016i010p01177
Moore, J Casey; Wolff, Eric William; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Hammer, C U; Legrand, Michel R; Fuhrer, Katrin (1994): Electrical response of the Summit-Greenland ice core to ammonium, sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Geophysical Research Letters, 21(7), 565-568, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL00542
Wolff, Eric William; Moore, J Casey; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Hammer, C U (1997): Climatic implications of background acidity and other chemistry derived from electrical studies of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26325-26332, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC02223
Wolff, Eric William; Moore, J Casey; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Hammer, C U; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Fuhrer, Katrin (1995): Long-term changes in the acid and salt concentrations of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core from electrical stratigraphy. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 100(D8), 16249-16264, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD01174
Project(s):
Greenland Ice Core Projects (GRIP/GISP/NGRIP)
Coverage:
Latitude: 72.570000 * Longitude: -37.620000
Date/Time Start: 1989-06-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-07-12T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, ice/snow: 2.66 m * Maximum DEPTH, ice/snow: 802.73 m
Event(s):
GRIP * Latitude: 72.570000 * Longitude: -37.620000 * Date/Time Start: 1989-06-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-07-12T00:00:00 * Elevation: 3232.0 m * Penetration: 3028.8 m * Recovery: 3028.8 m * Location: Greenland * Campaign: GRIP * Basis: Sampling/drilling ice * Method/Device: ISTUK electromechanical drill (ISTUK)
Comment:
Data calculated from electrical conductivity; depth is given at the local maximum in the ECM record; age is given at the local acid peak
Parameter(s):
# | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | DEPTH, ice/snow | Depth ice/snow | m | Geocode | ||
2 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Geocode | ||
3 | Duration, number of days | Duration | days | Wolff, Eric William | of high acidity at the local acid peak | |
4 | Acid concentration | Acid conc | µeq/kg | Wolff, Eric William | Calculated from conductivity | mean acid concentration |
5 | Acid concentration | Acid conc | µeq/kg | Wolff, Eric William | Calculated from conductivity | background concentration |
6 | Acid concentration | Acid conc | µeq/kg | Wolff, Eric William | Calculated | peak concentration of strong acid detected in a 1cm sample |
7 | Sulfuric acid | H2SO4 | kg/km2 | Wolff, Eric William | Calculated | volcanic acid deposited at the surface (VAD) |
8 | Magnitude of eruption in amount of sulfuric acid | Magnitude | Mt | Wolff, Eric William | Calculated | released amount of acid gases |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
750 data points
Data
1 Depth ice/snow [m] | 2 Age [ka BP] | 3 Duration [days] (of high acidity at the local ...) | 4 Acid conc [µeq/kg] (mean acid concentration, Calc...) | 5 Acid conc [µeq/kg] (background concentration, Cal...) | 6 Acid conc [µeq/kg] (peak concentration of strong ...) | 7 H2SO4 [kg/km2] (volcanic acid deposited at th...) | 8 Magnitude [Mt] (released amount of acid gases...) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.66 | -0.034 | 182.50 | 2.71 | 0.78 | 4.07 | 11 | 15 |
3.42 | -0.033 | 36.50 | 3.26 | 1.22 | 3.70 | 1 | 2 |
4.27 | -0.032 | 146.00 | 3.37 | 1.16 | 5.97 | 8 | 11 |
4.74 | -0.031 | 146.00 | 3.54 | 1.07 | 7.56 | 8 | 12 |
5.25 | -0.030 | 328.50 | 2.64 | 1.38 | 4.33 | 12 | 17 |
6.95 | -0.026 | 109.50 | 2.77 | 1.39 | 3.53 | 5 | 7 |
8.62 | -0.022 | 292.00 | 2.56 | 1.52 | 3.26 | 9 | 14 |
10.12 | -0.018 | 328.50 | 2.35 | 1.41 | 3.09 | 7 | 10 |
13.84 | -0.009 | 73.00 | 2.07 | 1.26 | 2.94 | 2 | 2 |
18.27 | 0.003 | 146.00 | 1.83 | 1.08 | 2.54 | 3 | 4 |
30.36 | 0.038 | 365.00 | 2.45 | 1.02 | 3.82 | 15 | 22 |
32.27 | 0.043 | 255.50 | 2.32 | 0.93 | 2.83 | 8 | 11 |
41.40 | 0.072 | 36.50 | 1.66 | 0.99 | 2.19 | 1 | 1 |
58.46 | 0.134 | 401.50 | 2.23 | 1.10 | 2.56 | 13 | 19 |
60.03 | 0.140 | 292.00 | 2.52 | 1.22 | 3.10 | 11 | 16 |
67.21 | 0.167 | 584.00 | 5.26 | 1.24 | 13.84 | 70 | 101 |
80.12 | 0.218 | 109.50 | 2.25 | 1.26 | 2.76 | 4 | 5 |
80.31 | 0.219 | 255.50 | 2.17 | 1.41 | 2.92 | 3 | 4 |
80.92 | 0.222 | 292.00 | 2.20 | 1.48 | 2.72 | 7 | 11 |
82.05 | 0.225 | 182.50 | 2.21 | 1.46 | 2.76 | 5 | 7 |
95.66 | 0.283 | 438.00 | 2.43 | 1.48 | 3.72 | 11 | 16 |
101.80 | 0.308 | 109.50 | 2.69 | 0.76 | 6.03 | 9 | 13 |
103.02 | 0.313 | 657.00 | 2.19 | 0.92 | 3.83 | 13 | 19 |
105.70 | 0.325 | 255.50 | 1.95 | 0.99 | 3.93 | 4 | 6 |
108.15 | 0.336 | 146.00 | 5.15 | 0.99 | 9.50 | 12 | 17 |
110.98 | 0.349 | 839.50 | 2.80 | 1.17 | 6.40 | 36 | 52 |
116.16 | 0.370 | 328.50 | 1.97 | 1.16 | 3.83 | 8 | 11 |
121.63 | 0.396 | 547.50 | 2.15 | 1.23 | 4.22 | 17 | 25 |
131.19 | 0.438 | 985.50 | 2.87 | 1.32 | 7.72 | 53 | 77 |
132.17 | 0.442 | 255.50 | 2.75 | 1.14 | 4.12 | 12 | 17 |
133.53 | 0.447 | 73.00 | 3.36 | 1.22 | 4.36 | 6 | 9 |
138.65 | 0.470 | 876.00 | 2.72 | 1.32 | 4.08 | 30 | 44 |
139.39 | 0.473 | 803.00 | 3.07 | 1.75 | 6.70 | 34 | 48 |
142.99 | 0.490 | 146.00 | 3.45 | 1.68 | 4.17 | 9 | 13 |
147.25 | 0.509 | 1058.50 | 2.86 | 1.56 | 4.00 | 39 | 56 |
154.17 | 0.540 | 511.00 | 2.44 | 2.02 | 3.95 | 7 | 10 |
159.08 | 0.560 | 36.50 | 2.68 | 1.61 | 5.06 | 2 | 2 |
159.33 | 0.561 | 255.50 | 3.40 | 1.93 | 5.98 | 17 | 24 |
160.89 | 0.568 | 365.00 | 4.07 | 1.84 | 7.90 | 20 | 29 |
168.88 | 0.605 | 182.50 | 2.59 | 1.28 | 3.27 | 8 | 11 |
169.77 | 0.609 | 292.00 | 3.05 | 1.30 | 5.06 | 10 | 14 |
172.04 | 0.619 | 511.00 | 2.42 | 1.33 | 3.78 | 14 | 20 |
185.21 | 0.681 | 766.50 | 2.35 | 1.46 | 3.67 | 18 | 27 |
187.28 | 0.691 | 1095.00 | 6.83 | 1.45 | 14.44 | 161 | 232 |
193.31 | 0.721 | 1058.50 | 4.37 | 1.41 | 6.39 | 73 | 105 |
201.04 | 0.758 | 182.50 | 2.79 | 1.12 | 4.17 | 8 | 12 |
201.24 | 0.759 | 182.50 | 2.72 | 1.75 | 4.46 | 7 | 10 |
201.66 | 0.761 | 182.50 | 2.97 | 1.84 | 3.97 | 6 | 9 |
203.78 | 0.771 | 255.50 | 6.52 | 1.58 | 10.25 | 43 | 62 |
205.98 | 0.781 | 255.50 | 2.79 | 1.15 | 3.76 | 11 | 16 |
219.55 | 0.844 | 547.50 | 3.37 | 1.49 | 5.32 | 35 | 50 |
222.73 | 0.859 | 219.00 | 3.18 | 1.41 | 3.95 | 13 | 19 |
238.22 | 0.933 | 511.00 | 2.81 | 1.66 | 4.46 | 7 | 10 |
242.40 | 0.954 | 3467.50 | 3.11 | 1.66 | 6.18 | 14 | 20 |
243.00 | 0.956 | 182.50 | 3.29 | 1.61 | 5.86 | 14 | 20 |
243.29 | 0.957 | 255.50 | 3.38 | 1.63 | 4.06 | 17 | 25 |
244.74 | 0.964 | 109.50 | 2.90 | 1.63 | 4.01 | 4 | 5 |
254.34 | 1.007 | 912.50 | 2.63 | 1.24 | 3.87 | 37 | 53 |
256.14 | 1.016 | 620.50 | 16.66 | 1.34 | 49.47 | 261 | 375 |
263.79 | 1.052 | 365.00 | 4.39 | 1.41 | 7.28 | 34 | 49 |
269.41 | 1.079 | 547.50 | 4.78 | 1.39 | 13.35 | 51 | 74 |
274.49 | 1.103 | 109.50 | 2.84 | 1.25 | 4.33 | 5 | 7 |
275.09 | 1.106 | 36.50 | 4.30 | 1.26 | 4.89 | 3 | 4 |
293.12 | 1.193 | 219.00 | 4.39 | 1.31 | 7.44 | 20 | 29 |
294.88 | 1.202 | 146.00 | 3.16 | 1.76 | 4.01 | 8 | 11 |
295.58 | 1.206 | 547.50 | 3.00 | 1.51 | 4.65 | 22 | 32 |
309.68 | 1.275 | 328.50 | 3.65 | 1.19 | 5.06 | 25 | 36 |
316.20 | 1.305 | 1131.50 | 2.29 | 1.02 | 4.26 | 40 | 58 |
320.85 | 1.328 | 620.50 | 3.37 | 1.10 | 5.32 | 37 | 54 |
328.33 | 1.366 | 292.00 | 3.25 | 1.35 | 4.80 | 18 | 25 |
330.30 | 1.378 | 511.00 | 2.73 | 1.48 | 4.93 | 15 | 21 |
331.91 | 1.386 | 255.50 | 3.06 | 1.37 | 4.47 | 8 | 11 |
338.89 | 1.418 | 438.00 | 3.37 | 1.96 | 4.75 | 19 | 27 |
339.83 | 1.423 | 766.50 | 4.64 | 1.63 | 11.52 | 73 | 105 |
342.63 | 1.436 | 401.50 | 5.58 | 1.42 | 13.19 | 45 | 65 |
353.84 | 1.464 | 182.50 | 3.81 | 1.11 | 6.10 | 14 | 20 |
413.25 | 1.791 | 365.00 | 5.96 | 1.21 | 12.69 | 46 | 66 |
424.22 | 1.849 | 36.50 | 3.52 | 1.15 | 4.46 | 4 | 6 |
429.09 | 1.871 | 182.50 | 4.90 | 1.17 | 8.15 | 26 | 38 |
444.76 | 1.947 | 547.50 | 2.92 | 1.68 | 4.42 | 19 | 27 |
455.36 | 1.999 | 985.50 | 6.06 | 1.05 | 16.60 | 135 | 194 |
455.85 | 2.002 | 511.00 | 2.70 | 1.43 | 5.47 | 19 | 27 |
469.41 | 2.069 | 474.50 | 3.52 | 1.41 | 7.30 | 26 | 37 |
474.28 | 2.097 | 766.50 | 2.96 | 1.78 | 5.76 | 36 | 52 |
493.04 | 2.194 | 328.50 | 16.39 | 1.00 | 33.94 | 129 | 186 |
513.36 | 2.300 | 401.50 | 2.83 | 0.84 | 5.30 | 22 | 32 |
526.70 | 2.371 | 1277.50 | 4.84 | 1.12 | 8.25 | 99 | 143 |
534.12 | 2.411 | 146.00 | 2.19 | 0.78 | 2.90 | 8 | 12 |
538.89 | 2.436 | 401.50 | 2.88 | 1.41 | 3.55 | 16 | 23 |
553.47 | 2.519 | 620.50 | 4.24 | 1.15 | 8.50 | 52 | 74 |
567.00 | 2.596 | 328.50 | 2.53 | 1.12 | 3.70 | 11 | 17 |
567.62 | 2.599 | 255.50 | 2.31 | 1.31 | 3.05 | 4 | 6 |
569.37 | 2.610 | 511.00 | 2.43 | 1.24 | 3.75 | 14 | 20 |
572.20 | 2.626 | 511.00 | 2.43 | 1.23 | 3.18 | 17 | 25 |
586.02 | 2.703 | 401.50 | 4.60 | 1.03 | 7.35 | 44 | 64 |
586.40 | 2.705 | 766.50 | 4.14 | 1.51 | 7.53 | 53 | 76 |
586.87 | 2.707 | 365.00 | 5.90 | 1.15 | 13.35 | 53 | 77 |
610.49 | 2.838 | 730.00 | 4.75 | 1.07 | 15.52 | 50 | 73 |
620.55 | 2.894 | 730.00 | 2.45 | 1.24 | 3.79 | 25 | 37 |
640.39 | 3.013 | 511.00 | 2.38 | 0.93 | 3.33 | 28 | 40 |
641.74 | 3.023 | 438.00 | 9.76 | 1.34 | 19.39 | 61 | 88 |
659.35 | 3.132 | 584.00 | 2.73 | 0.99 | 3.30 | 30 | 43 |
661.49 | 3.143 | 219.00 | 2.58 | 1.12 | 3.47 | 13 | 19 |
664.36 | 3.158 | 219.00 | 3.15 | 1.14 | 4.39 | 12 | 18 |
680.83 | 3.252 | 292.00 | 4.94 | 0.98 | 7.97 | 27 | 39 |
689.89 | 3.308 | 255.50 | 2.49 | 1.09 | 3.26 | 11 | 16 |
691.99 | 3.319 | 182.50 | 2.07 | 0.94 | 2.34 | 5 | 7 |
701.88 | 3.375 | 1131.50 | 3.66 | 0.87 | 9.09 | 98 | 141 |
706.35 | 3.400 | 365.00 | 2.62 | 0.97 | 3.92 | 17 | 24 |
725.48 | 3.516 | 693.50 | 2.79 | 1.02 | 3.58 | 27 | 39 |
729.52 | 3.543 | 219.00 | 3.03 | 0.97 | 4.30 | 10 | 15 |
733.58 | 3.568 | 474.50 | 5.61 | 1.14 | 13.34 | 37 | 53 |
736.47 | 3.586 | 839.50 | 5.69 | 1.28 | 13.35 | 96 | 139 |
743.43 | 3.627 | 328.50 | 2.37 | 1.26 | 4.42 | 19 | 28 |
743.89 | 3.629 | 365.00 | 2.40 | 1.14 | 3.43 | 14 | 20 |
748.53 | 3.657 | 109.50 | 1.86 | 1.11 | 2.09 | 3 | 4 |
753.76 | 3.688 | 839.50 | 2.04 | 1.16 | 3.05 | 17 | 25 |
754.85 | 3.695 | 584.00 | 2.94 | 1.51 | 3.77 | 26 | 37 |
761.89 | 3.741 | 1752.00 | 2.73 | 1.79 | 4.38 | 45 | 65 |
768.65 | 3.780 | 438.00 | 2.13 | 1.17 | 3.06 | 13 | 19 |
777.02 | 3.842 | 328.50 | 2.79 | 1.33 | 4.65 | 14 | 21 |
779.71 | 3.860 | 146.00 | 3.55 | 1.22 | 5.03 | 9 | 13 |
784.41 | 3.888 | 474.50 | 3.61 | 1.26 | 4.83 | 33 | 47 |
788.50 | 3.914 | 693.50 | 3.32 | 1.28 | 5.53 | 40 | 58 |
802.73 | 3.995 | 912.50 | 4.58 | 1.12 | 9.59 | 91 | 132 |