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Hooghiemstra, Henry; Dupont, Lydie M (1988): (Fig. 9) Pollen analysis of sediment core GIK16017-2 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.55040, Supplement to: Hooghiemstra, Henry (1988): Changes of major wind belts and vegetation zones in NW Africa 20,000-5000 yr B.P., as deduced from a marine pollen record near Cap Blanc. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 55(1-3), 101-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(88)90056-5

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Abstract:
The improved understanding of the pollen signal in the marine sediments offshore of northwest Africa is applied to deep-sea core M 16017-2 at 21°N. Downcore fluctuations in the percentage, concentration and influx diagrams record latitudinal shifts of the main northwest African vegetation zones and characteristics of the trade winds and the African Easterly Jet. Time control is provided by 14C ages and 180 records.
During the period 19,000-14,000 yr B.P. a compressed savanna belt extended between about 12 ° and 14-15°N. The Sahara had maximally expanded northward and southward under hyperarid climatic conditions. The belt with trade winds and dominant African Easterly Jet transport had not shifted latitudinally. The trade winds were strong as compared to the modern situation but around 13,000 yr B.P. the trade winds weakened. After 14,000 yr B.P. the climate became less arid south of the Sahara and a first spike of fluvial runoff is registered around 13,000 yr B.P. Fluvial runoff increased strongly around 11,000 yr B.P. and maximum runoff is recorded from about 9000-7800 yr B.P. Around 12,500 yr B.P. the savanna belt started to shift northward and became richer in woody species: it shifted about 6° of latitude, reached its northernmost position during the period of 9200-7800 yr B.P. and extended between about 16° and 24°N at that time. Tropical forest had reached its maximum expansion and the Guinea zone reached as far north as about 15°N, reflecting very humid climatic conditions south of the Sahara. North of the Sahara the climate also became more humid and Mediterranean vegetation developed rapidly. The Sahara had maximally contracted and the trade winds were weak and comparable with the present day intensity. After about 7800 yr B.P. the southern fringe of the Sahara and accordingly the savanna belt, shifted rapidly southward again.
Coverage:
Latitude: 21.245000 * Longitude: -17.803000
Date/Time Start: 1982-01-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1982-01-22T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.21 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 3.31 m
Event(s):
GIK16017-2 * Latitude: 21.245000 * Longitude: -17.803000 * Date/Time: 1982-01-22T00:00:00 * Elevation Start: -812.0 m * Elevation End: 0.0 m * Recovery: 4.4 m * Location: Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: M60 (SUBTROPEX 82) * Basis: Meteor (1964) * Method/Device: Gravity corer (Kiel type) (SL)
Comment:
Age model see dataset: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.59662
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DEPTH, sediment/rockDepth sedmGeocode
Depth, top/minDepth topmDupont, Lydie M
Depth, bottom/maxDepth botmDupont, Lydie M
VolumeVolmlDupont, Lydie M
Marker, addedMark add#Dupont, Lydie M
Marker, foundMark found#Dupont, Lydie M
Acacia/ParkiaAcacPark#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
AlchorneaAlchornea#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
AlnusAln#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
10 Ambrosia-typeAmb-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
11 Antidesma-typeAntide-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
12 Artemisia (Africa)Artemisi#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
13 Compositae LigulifloraeAsteLigu#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
14 Compositae TubulifloraeAsteTubu#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
15 BalanitesBalanite#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
16 Isoberlinia-typeBerlin-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
17 BetulaBet#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
18 BlepharisBlephari#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
19 Boscia-typeBoscia-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
20 BrassicaceaeBraae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
21 BrideliaBridelia#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
22 ButyrospermumButyrosp#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
23 CalligonumCag#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
24 CanthiumCanthium#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
25 CapparisCap#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
26 Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, AmaranthaceaeCCA#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
27 Cassia-typeCassia-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
28 Ceiba pentandraCeiba pen#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
29 Celastraceae/HippocrateaceaeCela/Hipp#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
30 CeltisCel#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
31 Centaurea perrottettii-typeC.jace-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
32 CleomeCleome#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
33 Combretaceae/MelastomataceaeComb/Mela#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
34 CommiphoraCommipho#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
35 CorylusCor#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
36 Cyperaceae undifferentiatedCypae.ud#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
37 Elaeis guineensisElaeguin#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
38 Ephedra distachya-typeEph.d-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
39 Ephedra fragilis-typeEph.f-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
40 Erica (Africa)Erica#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
41 ErodiumEro#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
42 Euphorbia-typeEup-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
43 GaertneraGaertner#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
44 GymnocarposGymnocar#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
45 GymnosporiaGymnospo#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
46 GypsophilaGyp#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
47 HelianthemumHel#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
48 HeliotropiumHelio#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
49 Indeterminata/variaIndet#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
50 Indigofera-typeIndigo-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
51 Juniperus (Africa)Juniperu#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
52 LanneaLannea#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
53 Macaranga-typeMacara-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
54 Maerua-typeMaerua-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
55 MeliaceaeMeliaceae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
56 MitracarpusMitracar#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
57 MyricaMyr#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
58 NyctaginaceaeNyctceae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
59 OleaOle#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
60 Oleaceae (Africa)Oleaceae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
61 ParonychiaPry#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
62 PhillyreaPhi#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
63 PhyllanthusPhyllanthus#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
64 PiceaPic#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
65 PinusPin#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
66 PlantagoPla#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
67 Poaceae undifferentiatedPoac.ud#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
68 Polycarpaea-typePcarpaea-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
69 PolycarponPon#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
70 Polygonum aviculare-typePol.i-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
71 Quercus ilex-typeQue.i-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
72 Quercus pubescens-typeQue.p-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
73 QuercusQue#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
74 Rhamnaceae undifferentiatedRhamnaceae.ud#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
75 RhizophoraRhiz#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
76 Rhus-typeRhu-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
77 Rubiaceae undifferentiatedRubea.ud#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
78 RumexRum#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
79 Salvadora persicaSalvador#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
80 SterculiaceaeSteae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
81 Tamarix (Africa)Tam#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
82 ThymelaeaceaeThyae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
83 TiliaTil#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
84 TribulusTus#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
85 TrichodesmaTrichode#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
86 Typha angustifolia-typeTyp.a-T#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
87 Utricularia (Africa)Utricula#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
88 Vitaceae (Africa)Vitaceae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
89 XyridaceaeXyriceae#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
90 ZygophyllumZyg#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
91 IsoetesIso#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
92 OphioglossumOph#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
93 SphagnumSph#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
94 Fern spores indeterminataFern spores indet#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
95 Fern sporesFern spores#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
96 Pollen, totalPollen tot#Dupont, Lydie MCounting, palynology
Size:
3135 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Depth sed [m]

Depth top [m]

Depth bot [m]

Vol [ml]

Mark add [#]

Mark found [#]

AcacPark [#]

Alchornea [#]

Aln [#]
10 
Amb-T [#]
11 
Antide-T [#]
12 
Artemisi [#]
13 
AsteLigu [#]
14 
AsteTubu [#]
15 
Balanite [#]
16 
Berlin-T [#]
17 
Bet [#]
18 
Blephari [#]
19 
Boscia-T [#]
20 
Braae [#]
21 
Bridelia [#]
22 
Butyrosp [#]
23 
Cag [#]
24 
Canthium [#]
25 
Cap [#]
26 
CCA [#]
27 
Cassia-T [#]
28 
Ceiba pen [#]
29 
Cela/Hipp [#]
30 
Cel [#]
31 
C.jace-T [#]
32 
Cleome [#]
33 
Comb/Mela [#]
34 
Commipho [#]
35 
Cor [#]
36 
Cypae.ud [#]
37 
Elaeguin [#]
38 
Eph.d-T [#]
39 
Eph.f-T [#]
40 
Erica [#]
41 
Ero [#]
42 
Eup-T [#]
43 
Gaertner [#]
44 
Gymnocar [#]
45 
Gymnospo [#]
46 
Gyp [#]
47 
Hel [#]
48 
Helio [#]
49 
Indet [#]
50 
Indigo-T [#]
51 
Juniperu [#]
52 
Lannea [#]
53 
Macara-T [#]
54 
Maerua-T [#]
55 
Meliaceae [#]
56 
Mitracar [#]
57 
Myr [#]
58 
Nyctceae [#]
59 
Ole [#]
60 
Oleaceae [#]
61 
Pry [#]
62 
Phi [#]
63 
Phyllanthus [#]
64 
Pic [#]
65 
Pin [#]
66 
Pla [#]
67 
Poac.ud [#]
68 
Pcarpaea-T [#]
69 
Pon [#]
70 
Pol.i-T [#]
71 
Que.i-T [#]
72 
Que.p-T [#]
73 
Que [#]
74 
Rhamnaceae.ud [#]
75 
Rhiz [#]
76 
Rhu-T [#]
77 
Rubea.ud [#]
78 
Rum [#]
79 
Salvador [#]
80 
Steae [#]
81 
Tam [#]
82 
Thyae [#]
83 
Til [#]
84 
Tus [#]
85 
Trichode [#]
86 
Typ.a-T [#]
87 
Utricula [#]
88 
Vitaceae [#]
89 
Xyriceae [#]
90 
Zyg [#]
91 
Iso [#]
92 
Oph [#]
93 
Sph [#]
94 
Fern spores indet [#]
95 
Fern spores [#]
96 
Pollen tot [#]
0.210.200.22281130026800000187701010010010140230000050037005103000000800004000000000082740000000310000000101000000000658
0.310.300.32251130015910000146611000200000034910000060081012004000002600002101000020040800000000411000200001000000000636
0.410.400.4230113001380100012030000000014003065000003101190050000100005001041100130112060910001000100000000000000000000616
0.510.500.5225113003482100014434000112002002392003006109100710300000040001501100001105216600030001100003001002000000000621
0.610.600.6229113001420100093171000000100021610000030063007001000000601000040000040020520000000120000000001000000000396
0.710.700.7221113004100000021139100001001002490001005009200151050000018000000111000200521870000000740000000105000000000657
0.810.800.8225113004701200020929100006000002730000101006300110030000212100000400000010911470000000810002000103000000000603
0.910.900.9228113005043101012427200000011002340000000013700900401010030000301000101101101040000000310001000001020000000472
1.011.001.0223113005713200037431200000012013393002101003100111120100003100000201202100921510001010920000010006001000000671
1.111.101.122911300372000003241800000301102348201001200701110010000007000000100000010531160000000520001000002000010001578
1.211.201.2225113001200100027014000002000003330000005029103190020000006000000200000220901020001000520001100003000100022636
1.311.301.32281130035800000424340000110310143210031030021001500100000000000000011001001621220000000420001000001000000011715
1.411.401.4230113001910000272263000000101048010010120050012005020200400000000100010041491100000430000000201001000011645
1.511.501.52261130024502000155901000010200306000010000750028000020300000002000003211050730001000180000000001010020046549
1.611.601.622511300354000004410810000200000308000011400350216002010000800001000000000060701000000330000000003000000000530
1.711.701.7224113003801000043932100013002204752001203002100110000100113100020040200000721350000001440001000003000000011781
1.811.801.8221113001260000025014000000000002821000001001360118001010000600001000000010050610101100120000100003000000022564
1.911.901.9229113005350000046223000023000013760001000012700170210010001000000000300000103850000000360000000016000000011621
2.012.002.022411300510000263230000110110026910001010010006000010100321000000100000010660002200010001000102000000000430
2.112.102.12311130012901000181140000000000017010000010032007000030100200000100000101060360000000100000000000000000000297
2.212.202.2222113004271000041424101000001012972000110002001160110000002000000101000000113810001100040001000000000000000520
2.312.302.322511300462000003872100000500101244200000000803190101100003000000000100000151710000000040000100001000000033449
2.392.382.40451130031000008220000000000048000001200110011000010000200000000000000031130000000010000000000000000011106
2.412.402.4225113008171000062142500000001300280000011100600210310010003000010000000010134763011000010000000001000100033527
2.512.502.52291130078011100666330000000100043500002120140215001200000600004000000010060840000000020000000101000000055679
2.612.602.623311300236001006713170000100100037521010021090114115000130300000101100010193590002201000001000000000000033602
2.712.702.72301130012870000049122000000000200301100101000602440320000003010000000000000180840020000000000000000000000011552
2.812.802.82301130034000027682200000000100442000110000900190010006002011020000200100105661013300010000000002000000122689
2.912.902.923211300731000004113190001000220032300000020030116020000000300101010000000061520030000010100000000000000033495
3.013.003.02291130040800000557170000000120037000000020040025020100010401001000030010061580000000000010010100100101012567
3.113.103.123211300457000004415200000020000034400000000020010010000010400000000010000000581010000000010100000000000011506
3.213.203.22341130032800000531018100000001004090002111009008012040000701001010000000083650001101010000000100000000022612
3.313.303.323211300721000059823000001001003981000003004006033000010300100000000000060330110000020000000000000010001559