Pflaumann, Uwe (1986): Age models and sea-surface paleotemperature reconstruction of sediment cores from the eastern equatorial Atlantic [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.548492, Supplement to: Pflaumann, U (1986): Sea-surface temperatures during the last 750,000 years in the eastern equatorial Atlantic: Planktonic foraminiferal record of Meteor - cores 13519, 13521, and 16415. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Reihe C Geologie und Geophysik, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, C40, 137-161
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Abstract:
Based on the faunal record of planktonic foraminifers in three long gravity sediment cores from the eastern equatorial Atlantic, the sea-surface temperature history ove the last 750,000 years was studied at a resolution of 3,000 to 10,000 years.
Detailed oxygen-isotope and paleomagnetic stratigraphy helped to identify the following major faunal events: Globorotaloides hexagonus and Globorotalia tumida flexuosa became extinct in the eastern tropical Atlantic at the isotope stage 4/5 boundary, now dated at 68,000 years B.P. The persistent occurrence of the pink variety of Globigerinoides ruber started during the late stage 12 at 410,000 years B.P. CARTUNE-age. This datum may provide an easily detectible faunal stratigraphic marker for the mid-Brunhes Chron. The updated scheme of the Ericson zones helped the recognition of a hiatus at the northwestern slope of the Sierra Leone Basin covering oxygen-isotope stages 10 to 12.
Classifying the planktonic foraminifer counts into six faunal assemblages, according to the factor analysis derived model of Pflaumann (1985), the tropical and the tropical-upwelling communities account for 57 % at Site 16415, and 86 % at Site 13519, respectively of the variance of the faunal record.
A largely continuous paleotemperature record for both winter and summer seasons was obtained from the top of the Sierra Leone Rise with the winter temperatures ranging between 20 and 25 °C, and the summer ones between 24 and 30 °C. The record of cores from greater water depths is frequently interrupted by samples with no-analogue faunal communities and/or poor preservation. Based on the seasonality signal, during cold periods the termal equator shifted to a geographically mnore asymmetrical northern position.
Dissolution altering the faunal communities becomes stronger with greater water depth, the estimated mean minimum loss of specimens increases from 70 % to 80 % between 2,860 and 3,850 water depth although some species will be more susceptible than others. Enhanced dissolution occured during stage 4 but also during cold phases in the warm stage 7 and 9. Correlations between the Foraminiferal Dissolution Index and the estimated sea-surface temperatures are significant.
Foraminiferal flux rates, negatively correlated to the flux rates of organic carbon and of diatoms, may be a result of enhanced dissolution during cold stages, destroying still more of the faunal signal than indicated by the calculated minimum loss.
The fluctuations of the oxygen-isotope curves and the hibernal sea-surfave temperatures are fairly coherent. During warm oxygen-isotope stages the temperature maxima lag often by 5 to 15 ka behind the respective sotope minima. During cold stages, sea-surface temperature changes are partly out of phase and contain additional fluctuations.
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 6.085556 * Median Longitude: -20.328053 * South-bound Latitude: 3.020000 * West-bound Longitude: -22.031660 * North-bound Latitude: 9.566667 * East-bound Longitude: -19.095000
Date/Time Start: 1975-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1983-07-25T00:00:00
Event(s):
GIK13519-1 * Latitude: 5.670000 * Longitude: -19.851667 * Date/Time: 1979-03-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2862.0 m * Recovery: 10.7 m * Location: Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: M51 (FGGE-Equator 79 - First GARP Global Experiment) * Basis: Meteor (1964) * Method/Device: Gravity corer (Kiel type) (SL)
GIK13521-1 * Latitude: 3.020000 * Longitude: -22.031660 * Date/Time: 1975-01-01T00:00:00 * Elevation Start: -4504.0 m * Elevation End: 0.0 m * Recovery: 9.3 m * Location: Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: M39 * Basis: Meteor (1964) * Method/Device: Gravity corer (Kiel type) (SL)
GIK16415-1 * Latitude: 9.566667 * Longitude: -19.106667 * Date/Time: 1983-07-25T00:00:00 * Elevation Start: -3841.0 m * Elevation End: 0.0 m * Recovery: 0.55 m * Location: Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: M65 (GEOTROPEX 83, NOAMP I) * Basis: Meteor (1964) * Method/Device: Giant box corer (GKG)
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
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Datasets listed in this publication series
- Pflaumann, U (1986): Age model of sediment core GIK13519-1, eastern equatorial Atlantic (Table 2). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.544874
- Pflaumann, U (1986): Estimated sea-surface paleotemperatures and communalities of sediment core GIK13519-1, eastern equatorial Atlantic (Table 3). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.544870
- Pflaumann, U (1986): Age model of sediment core GIK13521-1, eastern equatorial Atlantic (Table 2). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.544875
- Pflaumann, U (1986): Estimated sea-surface paleotemperatures and communalities of sediment core GIK13521-1, eastern equatorial Atlantic (Table 3). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.544871
- Pflaumann, U (1986): Age model of sediment core GIK16415-1, eastern equatorial Atlantic (Table 2). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.544876
- Pflaumann, U (1986): Estimated sea-surface paleotemperatures and communalities of sediment core GIK16415-2, eastern equatorial Atlantic (Table 3). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.544872