Einsele, Gerhard; Werner, Friedrich (1968): Description of recent sediments of Nile Delta, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Table 1-3) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.472302, Supplement to: Einsele, G; Werner, F (1968): Zusammensetzung, Gefüge und mechanische Eigenschaften rezenter Sedimente vom Nildelta, Roten Meer und Golf von Aden. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Reihe C Geologie und Geophysik, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, C1, 21-42
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Abstract:
The study of textural, structural, chemical, and physical properties of fine-grained recent marine sediments leads to the conclusion that only a few compositional factors are responsible for significant changes in mass physical characteristics in the upper meters below sea bottom. Fossil-induced porosity increases water content and liquid limit. It also seems to have partially influenced the plastic limit and plasticity index of calcareous sandy silts from the Red Sea and the western Gulf of Aden so that they become similar to the montmorillonite rich prodelta clays from the Nile Delta. Diagrams based on liquid limit and plasticity loose their original meaning in these cases. Activity of sediments rich in microorganisms can be higher than that of montmorillonitic clay.
The shear strength-depth relationship of normally consolidated sediments is surprisingly little influenced by changes in sand or clay content and clay mineralogy. Only high lime content, submarine erosion and beginning cementation increase the strength considerably. Erosional disconformities near the present surface can be deduced from the strength-depth curve when as little as 1 or 2 m sediment have been removed. Flat or irregular strength-depth curves indicate beginning cementation and probably discontinuous sedimentation, provided the composition of the material remains in some degree constant. In our samples diagenetic pyrite, but no recristallisation of carbonates could be detected under the microscope.
Underconsolidation and excess pore-water pressure, factors which tend to foster submarine slides, mud lumps, and diapiric folding, seem to be restricted Varito areas with mainly rapidly deposited, homogeneous or layered sediments. But where an abundance of burrowing organisms increases the vertical permeability of the sediment, normal consolidation and stable deposits are to be expected, at least in the upper meters below the present surface.
According to 14C-determinations on calcareous microorganisms the rate of deposition of the investigated sediments seems to range from 26 to 167 cm per 1000 years.
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 23.990394 * Median Longitude: 36.215871 * South-bound Latitude: 12.003300 * West-bound Longitude: 30.650000 * North-bound Latitude: 32.120000 * East-bound Longitude: 43.816700
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.000 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 2.100 m
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | ||||
| 2 | Latitude of event | Latitude | ||||
| 3 | Longitude of event | Longitude | ||||
| 4 | Elevation of event | Elevation | m | |||
| 5 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Geocode | ||
| 6 | Depth, top/min | Depth top | m | Einsele, Gerhard | ||
| 7 | Depth, bottom/max | Depth bot | m | Einsele, Gerhard | ||
| 8 | Area/locality | Area | Einsele, Gerhard | |||
| 9 | Lithology/composition/facies | Lithology | Einsele, Gerhard | |||
| 10 | Color code HLS-system | Color HLS | Einsele, Gerhard | Munsell Color System (1994) | ||
| 11 | Density, dry bulk | DBD | g/cm3 | Einsele, Gerhard | ||
| 12 | Number | No | Einsele, Gerhard | of determined slides | ||
| 13 | Foraminifera | Foram | % | Einsele, Gerhard | minimum, Volume % | |
| 14 | Foraminifera | Foram | % | Einsele, Gerhard | maximum, Volume % | |
| 15 | Pteropoda | Pteropoda | % | Einsele, Gerhard | minimum, Volume % | |
| 16 | Pteropoda | Pteropoda | % | Einsele, Gerhard | maximum, Volume % | |
| 17 | Carbonate, detritic/terrigenic | Carb detr | % | Einsele, Gerhard | minimum, 10 -20 µm, Volume % | |
| 18 | Carbonate, detritic/terrigenic | Carb detr | % | Einsele, Gerhard | maximum, 10 -20 µm, Volume % | |
| 19 | Minerals | Minerals | % | Einsele, Gerhard | minimum, 10 -20 µm, Volume % | |
| 20 | Minerals | Minerals | % | Einsele, Gerhard | maximum, 10 -20 µm, Volume % | |
| 21 | Pore space | Pore space | Einsele, Gerhard | due to organisms, Volume % | ||
| 22 | Sand | Sand | % | Einsele, Gerhard | ||
| 23 | Comment | Comment | Einsele, Gerhard |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
103 data points
Data
| 1 Event | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 Elevation [m] | 5 Depth sed [m] | 6 Depth top [m] | 7 Depth bot [m] | 8 Area | 9 Lithology | 10 Color HLS | 11 DBD [g/cm3] | 12 No (of determined slides) | 13 Foram [%] (minimum, Volume %) | 14 Foram [%] (maximum, Volume %) | 15 Pteropoda [%] (minimum, Volume %) | 16 Pteropoda [%] (maximum, Volume %) | 17 Carb detr [%] (minimum, 10 -20 µm, Volume %) | 18 Carb detr [%] (maximum, 10 -20 µm, Volume %) | 19 Minerals [%] (minimum, 10 -20 µm, Volume %) | 20 Minerals [%] (maximum, 10 -20 µm, Volume %) | 21 Pore space (due to organisms, Volume %) | 22 Sand [%] | 23 Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A_41 | 12.1700 | 43.8167 | -435.0 | 0.950 | Golf von Aden | sandiger Silt | 28 | Shear strength: normal; water conten: minor | ||||||||||||||
| A_42 | 12.0550 | 43.7700 | -960.0 | 2.000 | 1.95 | 2.05 | Golf von Aden | siltiger Ton oder toniger Silt | mittel- bis dunkelgr¸nlichgrau 5 GY 4-5/1 bis grauoliv 10 Y 4/2 | 2.66 | 3 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 1.6 | 1.30 | 2.30 | 4.7-5.2 | ||
| A_44 | 12.0033 | 43.5500 | -833.0 | 0.025 | 0.00 | 0.05 | Golf von Aden | siltiger Sand | 17 | Shear strength: normal; water conten: normal | ||||||||||||
| A_44 | 12.0033 | 43.5500 | -833.0 | 0.200 | Golf von Aden | 73 | Shear strength: lightly increased; water conten: normal | |||||||||||||||
| A_44 | 12.0033 | 43.5500 | -833.0 | 1.850 | Golf von Aden | 21 | Shear strength: lightly increased; water conten: lightly decreased | |||||||||||||||
| A_45 | 12.0350 | 43.4683 | -305.0 | Golf von Aden | siltiger Sand | |||||||||||||||||
| N_11 | 31.8883 | 30.6717 | -80.0 | 0.000 | Nildelta | sandiger Ton | ||||||||||||||||
| N_12 | 31.9500 | 30.6833 | -119.0 | 0.000 | Nildelta | siltiger Ton | ||||||||||||||||
| N_13 | 32.0167 | 30.6500 | -235.0 | 0.000 | Nildelta | toniger Silt | ||||||||||||||||
| N_14 | 32.0417 | 30.6533 | -328.0 | 0.225 | 0.17 | 0.28 | Nildelta | siltiger Ton | olivgrau 5 Y4/1 bis braeunlichgrau 5YR 5/1 bis mittelgrau N5 | 2.64 | 4 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 8.8 | 0.30 | 1.80 | 0.2-1.1 | |||
| N_16 | 32.1200 | 31.7333 | -489.0 | 0.000 | Nildelta | siltiger Ton | ||||||||||||||||
| N_17 | 32.0800 | 31.8083 | -305.0 | 0.000 | Nildelta | siltiger Ton | ||||||||||||||||
| N_18 | 32.0333 | 31.8083 | -198.0 | 2.100 | 2.00 | 2.20 | Nildelta | siltiger Ton oder Sand-Silt-Ton | olivgrau 5 Y4/1 bis braeunlichgrau 5YR 4/1 | 2.64 | 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 6.7 | 0.40 | 6.10 | 0-0.7 | ||||
| N_19 | 31.9917 | 31.7283 | -115.0 | 0.025 | 0.00 | 0.05 | Nildelta | Sand-Silt-Ton oder toniger Sand | 51 | Shear strength: normal | ||||||||||||
| N_9 | 31.6833 | 30.7333 | -26.0 | 0.000 | Nildelta | siltiger Ton | ||||||||||||||||
| R_25 | 24.3500 | 35.6967 | -650.0 | 0.000 | Rotes Meer | sandiger Silt | ||||||||||||||||
| R_69 | 14.8250 | 42.1900 | -838.0 | 0.000 | Rotes Meer | toniger Silt | ||||||||||||||||
| R_71 | 15.9667 | 41.5583 | -1621.0 | 0.050 | 0.00 | 0.10 | Rotes Meer | toniger Silt oder siltiger Ton | hell-olivgrau 5 Y 6/1 bis gruenlichgrau 5 GY 5/1 bis hell-braeunlichgrau 5 YR 6/1 | 2.65 | 7 | 4.1 | 13.4 | 6.6 | 9.0 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 2.4-7 | ||
| R_73 | 16.6267 | 41.1500 | -1720.0 | 0.000 | Rotes Meer | toniger Silt oder Sand-Silt-Ton |