/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Powell, Ross; Hambrey, Mike J; Krissek, Lawrence A (1998): Description of lithofacies associations and their interpreted settings from sequences of sediment core CRP-1 (Table 2). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.433089, Supplement to: Powell, R et al. (1998): Quaternary and Miocene glacial and climatic history of the Cape Roberts drillsite region, Antarctica. Terra Antartica, 5(3), 341-351, hdl:10013/epic.28313.d001 Abstract: Cape Roberts Project drillcore 1 was obtained from Roberts Ridge, a sea-floor high located at 77°S, 16 km offshore from Cape Roberts in western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The recovered core is about 147 m long with the upper 43.15 metres below the sea floor (revised figure) being dated as Quarternary and the older part of the sequence being Miocene. The core includes nine facies: sandy diamict, muddy diamict, gravel/conglomerate, mud(stone), clay(stone) and carbonate. These facies occure in associations that are repeated in particulare sequences throughout the core, and are interpreted as representing different depositional environments through time. Seven lithofacies associations are interpreted as representing offshore shelf, ice protected/below wave-base; prodeltaic/offshore shelf; delta front/sandy shelf; ice system; subglacial till/rainout diamict/debris flow diamicts singly or in combination; and a carbonate-rich shelf bank. The facies associations are used to infer that the Quaternary section represents deposition on a polar shelf with perhaps two or three glacial fluctuations. The Quaternary carbonate unit indicates a period of ice sheet retreat, but local glacial activity may have increased with an increase in costal precipitation. The Miocene section represents polythermal glacial systems. The older Miocene section is glacially dominated whereas the younger section is much less so. The glacially dominated section may provide evidence for a major glacial advance thar resulted un a low stand of global eustatic sea level at that time. After the low stand, eustatic sea level was gradually rising during deposition of the younger section dominated more by non-glacial processes. Project(s): Cape Roberts Project (CRP) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Roberts_Project) Coverage: LATITUDE: -77.007580 * LONGITUDE: 163.755080 DATE/TIME START: 1997-10-17T01:30:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1997-10-24T02:00:00 MINIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 20.565 m * MAXIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 148.595 m Event(s): CRP-1 (16 km ENE Cape Roberts) * LATITUDE: -77.007580 * LONGITUDE: 163.755080 * DATE/TIME START: 1997-10-17T01:30:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1997-10-24T02:00:00 * ELEVATION: -153.5 m * Penetration: 132.06 m * Recovery: 113.32 m * LOCATION: off Cape Roberts, Ross Sea, Antarctica * CAMPAIGN: CRP-1 (URI: hdl:10013/epic.28286.d001) * BASIS: Sampling/drilling ice * METHOD/DEVICE: Core wireline system (CWS) * COMMENT: sea ice thickness: 1.60 m, recovery 86 %. Age and lithology of oldest strata: 22-24 Ma; mudstone with scattered pebbles. Parameter(s): DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] (Depth sed) * GEOCODE Depth, top/min [m] (Depth top) * PI: Powell, Ross Depth, bottom/max [m] (Depth bot) * PI: Powell, Ross Facies name/code (Facies) * PI: Powell, Ross Lithology/composition/facies (Lithology) * PI: Powell, Ross Environment (Environment) * PI: Powell, Ross License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 157 data points */ Depth sed [m] Depth top [m] Depth bot [m] Facies Lithology Environment 20.565 19.13 22.00 Sandy diamicts (Structureless diamict) Rainout (?and subglacial), ice contact and ice proximal Glacial shelf deposition, rainout/(?) subglacial 23.275 22.00 24.55 No core 24.815 24.55 25.08 Sandy diamicts (Rainout diamict graded up from sandy mud below) Rainout , ice contact and ice proximal Glacial shelf deposition 25.755 25.08 26.43 Muds (Suspension deposited mud, ?drilling disturbed?) Offshore shelf, ice protected/below wave-base, paraglacial 27.960 26.43 29.49 Graded sands (Marine current-deposited sands and sandy turbidites) Delta front/sandy shelf, below wave-base, non-glacial(?) Glacial shelf deposition during glacial retreat 30.690 29.49 31.89 Sandy diamicts+graded sands (Sharp and graded contacts, diamict-diamict, diamict-sand Ice-contact, ice proximal mass flow, and rainout systems Glacial shelf deposition at and near grounding-line 32.855 31.89 33.82 Fossiliferous siliciclastics+calcareous sandy mud+muds+sandy diamicts+graded sands (Coquina, calcareous mud, diamict, diamict-sand) Carbonate shelf Deposition on shelf bank with some influence of iceberg rafting 38.685 33.82 43.55 Sandy diamicts+muds+gravels (Diamicts with graded contacts within and with muds, Ionestone horizons) Rainout with local subglacial (?), ice contact and ice proximal Glacial shelf deposition, (?) minor glacial fluctuation, (?) more distal upward 46.890 43.55 50.23 Stratified sands+graded sands (Marine current-deposited sands and sandy turbidites) Delta front/sandy shelf, below wave-base/(?) ice protected, non-glacial/(?)paraglacial 51.965 50.23 53.70 Muds (Suspension settling deposits) Poorly constrained. Offshore shelf, below wave-base, non-glacial(?) Offshore sedimentation in general coarsening-up progradation during glacial retreat phase 54.775 53.70 55.85 Graded sands+sandy diamicts+muds (Sandy turbidites, debris flow diamicts, traction sands, cyclo-pels, Ionestone layers) Ice contact and ice proximal mass flow and submarine fluvial efflux system Ice contact grounding-line fan system 57.825 55.85 59.80 Muds+breccias+graded sands (Suspension settling deposits and very low density gravity flow deposits) Prodeltaic/offshore shelf, below wave-base, non-glacial Offshore sedimentation in glacial retreat phase 60.685 59.80 61.57 Graded sands+muds+gravels (Stacked sandy turbidites, rare debris flow diamicts, Ionestones) Ice-contact and ice proximal mass flow and submarine fluvial efflux system 62.385 61.57 63.20 Sandy diamicts+graded sands+gravels (Debris flow diamicts, subglacial till, rare sandy turbidites) Ice-contact and ice proximal mass flow system, some sub-glacial deposition(?) Ice contact morainal bank and probank and grounding-line fan system 66.355 63.20 69.51 Graded sands+stratified sands+muds (Sandy turbidites and marine current-deposited (+aeolian mix?) sands) Delta front/sandy shelf, non-glacial 69.895 69.51 70.28 Muds+clays+breccias (Suspension settling deposits and very low density gravity flow deposits) Offshore shelf (?prodelta), ice protected/below wave-base, paraglacial/(?)non-glacial 72.965 70.28 75.65 Graded sands+stratified sands+muds (Gravity flow and traction (+aeolian mix?) deposits with rare Ionestones) Delta front/sandy shelf, ice-protected/below wave-base, paraglacial Shelf progradation with glacial influence in last stages, then glacial retreat with continued shelf 77.175 75.65 78.70 Clays+muds (Suspension setting deposits with rare lonestones) Offshore shelf, ice protected/below wave-base, paraglacial 79.930 78.70 81.16 Sandy diamicts+graded sands+gravels+breccias (Debris flow diamicts and (?)subglacial till) Ice contact and ice proximal mass flow and submarine fluvial efflux system, (?)sub-glacial, reworked lags and redeposited flows Ice contact grounding-line fan and morainal bank and then glacial over-riding; final stage - shallow water reworking 81.765 81.16 82.37 Muds (Suspension settling deposits with rare Ionestones) Offshore shelf, ice protected/below wave-base, paraglacial 83.215 82.37 84.06 Graded sands+muds+stratified sands(+B) (Gravity flow and traction deposits with rare Ionestones) Delta front/sandy shelf, paraglacial 84.955 84.06 85.85 Muds (Suspension settling deposits with rare Ionestones) Offshore shelf, ice protected/below wave-base, paraglacial Nearshore to off-shore paraglacial delta/shelf - two cycles 89.020 85.85 92.19 Graded sands+stratified sands (Gravity flow and traction deposits with rare Ionestones) Delta front/sandy shelf, paraglacial 97.305 92.19 102.42 Muds+graded sands (Suspension settling deposits with clasts as Ionestones and in horizons, low density gravity flow deposits) Prodeltaic/offshore shelf, medial glacimarine to paraglacial Medial glacimarine with glacial retreat and then shoreline progradation at start of sequence above 102.915 102.42 103.41 Graded sands+muds (Stacked low density gravity flow deposits, Ionestones) Delta front/sandy shelf, glacial 106.085 103.41 108.76 Sandy diamicts+graded sands (Debris flow diamicts and (?)subglacial till) Ice contact and ice proximal mass flow system Grounding-line fan, then morainal bank and pro-bank and then delta 109.380 108.38 110.38 Graded sands+muds (Stacked sandy turbidites, Ionestones and dropstones, cyclopels and cyclopsams) Ice contact and ice proximal mass flow and submarine fluvial efflux system 112.240 110.38 114.10 Graded sands+stratified sands+muds (Sandy turbidites and marine current-depo-sited sands, suspension settling deposits) Delta front/prodelta/shelf, below wave base, non-glacial Nearshore to offshore non-glacial delta/shelf - two cycles 116.690 114.10 119.28 Graded sands+sandy diamicts+muds (Stacked debris flow diamicts, sandy turbidites, ice-rafted debris as lonestones and pavements, soft sediment deformation and fluid escape) Ice contact and ice proximal mass flow and submarine fluvial efflux system 126.965 119.28 134.65 muddy diamicts+sandy diamicts+graded sands+muds (Debris flow diamicts with thin low density gravity flow deposits, graded/amalgamated contacts, soft sediment deformation) Ice-contact and ice proximal mass flow system Ice contact morainal bank and probank then grounding-line fan or delta 137.875 134.65 141.10 muddy diamicts (Structureless diamict - till or rainout) Subglacial or rainout, ice contact and ice proximal 141.725 141.10 142.35 Graded sands+muds (Sandy turbidites, suspension settling deposits) Prodeltaic/offshore shelf, medial glacimarine 144.445 142.35 146.54 Clays+muds (Suspension setting deposits with rare clasts as lonestones, low density gravity flow deposits) Offshore shelf, ice protected/below wave-base, paraglacial 146.865 146.54 147.19 Muds+clays+graded sands (Suspension setting deposits, low density gravity flow deposits) Prodeltaic/offshore shelf, distal glacimarine Deltaic/shelf below wave base, from medial to distal glacimarine to paraglacial/(?) nonglacial to medial glacimarine upward, showing glacial retreat then advance 148.595 147.19 150.00 Graded sands (Sandy turbidites) down to end of core Delta front/sandy, medial glacimarine