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Archaeal Communities of Frozen Quaternary Sediments of Marine Origin on the Coast of Western Spitsbergen

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Abstract

The archaeal composition of permafrost samples taken during the drilling of frozen marine sediments in the area of the Barentsburg coal mine on the east coast of Grønfjord Bay of Western Spitsbergen has been studied. This study is based on an analysis of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, carried out using next-generation sequencing. The general phyla of the Archaea domain are Euryarchaeota, Bathyarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Asgardarchaea. As a result of a phylogenetic analysis of the dominant operational taxonomic units, representatives of methanogenic and methane- and ammonium-oxidizing archaea, as well as heterotrophic archaea, are found. The methanogenic archaea of Euryarchaeota phylum, Methanobacteria class, are found in permafrost with controversial genesis, while the methane-oxidizing archaea of Methanomicrobia class Methanosarcinales order are found in the marine permafrost at cape Finneset: the ANME-2a, -2b group in layers of 8.6 and 11.7 m and the ANME-2d group (Candidatus Methanoperedens) in a layer of 6.5 m. Ammonium-oxidizing archaea of phylum Thaumarchaeota is present in all types of permafrost, while the order of Nitrososphaerales is found in permafrost with controversial genesis and the order Nitrosopumilales is in permafrost with marine and controversial genesis. Representatives of phylum Bathyarchaeota are found stratigraphically in the most ancient samples under study. Asgardarchaeota superfylum is excluded in the layers of permafrost with marine genesis and is represented by the phyla Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota, and an unclassified group belonging to this superphylum. The presence of methane, ethylene, and ethane in the permafrost of the first sea terrace of Cape Finnemet at a depth of 11.7 m, as well as the composition of the archaeal community, give us reason to assume that, before freezing, microbiological processes of anaerobic methane oxidation took place in it, probably received from Tertiary rocks. The results of both this and previous works present the Spitsberen permafrost as a rich archive of genetic information of little-studied prokaryotic groups.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank A.Yu. Merkel (Vinogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences) for performing NGS analysis and consulting on the method; A.S. Nartov (NRC Kurchatov Institute – IREA) for measuring carbon-containing gases in permafrost; and M.Y. Cherbunina and D.G. Shmelev for consulting on the properties of methane in permafrost.

Funding

This research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-77-10066 (to Nikita Demidov). Field work at the cryosphere test site near Barentsburg was carried out as part of the Russian Arctic Expedition to Spitsbergen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 199397, St. Petersburg, Russia

    E. S. Karaevskaya & N. E. Demidov

  2. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    E. S. Karaevskaya

  3. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    V. S. Kazantsev

  4. Vinogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312, Moscow, Russia

    I. M. Elizarov

  5. All-Russian Research Geological Oil Institute, 143360, Moscow, Russia

    A. G. Kaloshin & A. L. Petrov

  6. All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia

    D. S. Karlov

  7. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    L. Schirrmeister & S. Wetterich

  8. Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Belov

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  1. E. S. Karaevskaya
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Correspondence to E. S. Karaevskaya, N. E. Demidov, V. S. Kazantsev, I. M. Elizarov, A. L. Petrov, D. S. Karlov, L. Schirrmeister, A. A. Belov or S. Wetterich.

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Karaevskaya, E.S., Demidov, N.E., Kazantsev, V.S. et al. Archaeal Communities of Frozen Quaternary Sediments of Marine Origin on the Coast of Western Spitsbergen. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 57, 1254–1270 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821100066

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