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Molecular and phytochemical systematics of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)

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Abstract

The systematics of the Hypochaeridinae subtribe was re-evaluated based on a combination of published and new molecular data. Newly found clades were additionally characterized using published and new phytochemical data. In addition to flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones, which had been reviewed recently as chemosystematic markers in the Cichorieae, we analysed the reported occurrences of caffeic acid derivatives and their potential as chemosystematic markers. Our molecular results required further changes in the systematics of the genus Leontodon. Based on previous molecular data, Leontodon s.l.—i.e. including sections Asterothrix, Leontodon, Thrincia, Kalbfussia, and Oporinia (Widder 1975)—had been split into the genera Leontodon s.str. (sections Asterothrix, Leontodon, and Thrincia) and Scorzoneroides (sections Kalbfussia and Oporinia). Instead of splitting Leontodon into even a higher number of segregate genera we propose to include Hedypnois into Leontodon s.str. and here into section Leontodon. Moreover, sections Asterothrix and Leontodon should be merged into a single section Leontodon. The newly defined genus Leontodon is characterised by the unique occurrence of hydroxyhypocretenolides. The monophyly of the genus Hypochaeris is neither supported nor contradicted and potentially comprises two separate molecular clades. The clade Hypochaeris I comprises the majority of the European and Mediterranean as well as all South American taxa of Hypochaeris s.l. while the clade Hypochaeris II encompasses only H. achyrophorus L., H. glabra L., H. laevigata Benth. & Hook.f., and H. radicata L.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Renate Spitaler (Innsbruck) and Jonas Zimmermann (Berlin) for proof reading, the latter also for help with the molecular work; Michaela Posch, Birthe Schubert, and Judith Strauch (all Innsbruck) for phytochemical assistance; Serhat Cicek (Innsbruck) for HPLC/MS measurements; and Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Ralf Hand and Wolf-Henning Kusber (all Berlin) for advice with regards to botanical nomenclature. This work was supported by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF, project P20278-B16).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Neela Enke

  2. AG Spezielle Botanik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Birgit Gemeinholzer

  3. Institut für Pharmazie and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Josef-Moeller-Haus, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Christian Zidorn

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  1. Neela Enke
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Correspondence to Neela Enke or Christian Zidorn.

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Enke, N., Gemeinholzer, B. & Zidorn, C. Molecular and phytochemical systematics of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). Org Divers Evol 12, 1–16 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0064-0

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