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Offshore wind park monitoring programmes, lessons learned and recommendations for the future

  • OFFSHORE WIND FARM IMPACTS
  • Opinion Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Over a decade of monitoring offshore wind park environmental impact triggered a reflection on the overall objectives and how to best continue with the monitoring programmes. Essentially, basic monitoring has to be rationalised at the level of the likelihood of impact detection, the meaningfulness of impact size and representativeness of the findings. Targeted monitoring is crucial and should continue to be applied to disentangle processes behind observed impacts, for instance the overarching artificial reef effect caused by wind parks. The major challenge, however, remains to achieve a reliable assessment of the cumulative impacts. A continuous international consultation and collaboration with marine scientists, managers, government officials and industry will be needed to ensure an optimisation of the future monitoring programmes.

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Acknowledgments

With contributions from: Ilse de Mesel, Matthias Baeye, Dick Botteldooren, Robin Brabant, Delphine Coates, Wouter Courtens, Elisabeth Debusschere, Luc Dekoninck, Veronique De Maersschalck, Yana Deschutter, Jozefien Derweduwen, Marisa Di Marcantonio, Valérie Dulière, Michael Fettweis, Frederic Francken, Jan Haelters, Piet Haerens, Kris Hostens, Rik Houthaeve, Jean-Sébastien Houziaux, Francis Kerckhof, Mieke Mathys, Alain Norro, Thierry Onkelinx, Jan Reubens, Bob Rumes, Marc Sas, Eric W.M. Stienen, Jan Vanaverbeke, Sofie Vandendriessche, Sarah Vanden Eede, Dries Van den Eynde, Marc Van de walle, Nicolas Vanermen, Gert Van Hoey, An Vanhulle, Vera Van Lancker, Timothy Van Renterghem, Hilbran Verstraete, Laurence Vigin and Magda Vincx.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P.O. BOX 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Han Lindeboom

  2. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Gulledelle 100, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

    Steven Degraer

  3. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 120161, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Jennifer Dannheim

  4. School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood (SEEA), Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK

    Andrew B. Gill

  5. Swedish Secretariat for Environmental Earth System Sciences (SSEESS), c/o The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

    Dan Wilhelmsson

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  1. Han Lindeboom
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  2. Steven Degraer
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  3. Jennifer Dannheim
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  4. Andrew B. Gill
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Correspondence to Han Lindeboom or Steven Degraer.

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Guest editors: Steven Degraer, Jennifer Dannheim, Andrew B. Gill, Han Lindeboom & Dan Wilhelmsson / Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms.

Han Lindeboom and Steven Degraer shared first authorship.

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Lindeboom, H., Degraer, S., Dannheim, J. et al. Offshore wind park monitoring programmes, lessons learned and recommendations for the future. Hydrobiologia 756, 169–180 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2267-4

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