Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic diversity of a hitchhiker and prized food source in the Anthropocene: the Asian green mussel Perna viridis (Mollusca, Mytilidae)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Biological Invasions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Insight into a species’ native and introduced range is essential in understanding the invasion process. Genetic diversity, propagule pressure and environmental conditions all have been recognised as playing a determinant role in invasion success. Here, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure (using the COI mtDNA gene region and 22 nDNA microsatellite markers) of the Asian green mussel Perna viridis within its potential native range in Asia and at introduced locations in the USA and the Caribbean. We also analyse genetic data from vessel intercepts and an incursion. By doing so, we aimed to identify genetic signatures that could allow to track vessel samples to their source and provide further insight into potential high-risk invasive populations or areas. Three top hierarchical clusters were identified using the individual-based Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE, corresponding to populations in three world regions: (1) USA and Caribbean, (2) India and (3) Southeast Asia. Within Southeast Asia, additional analysis indicate a shallow genetic differentiation of three subgroups consisting of (3a) Thailand, (3b) Taiwan and Hong-Kong, and (3c) a cluster of Singapore–Indonesia samples. Overall, the population structure found in this study suggests that the markers used could be useful in identifying source populations, particularly between the three mains world regions. Most surprisingly however, this study shows that the genetic diversity of samples collected from vessel intercepts and incursions did not differ significantly from established populations in Southeast Asia. In this region, in addition to the high vessel connectivity and number of P. viridis transported, all sampled populations are likely to pose a comparable risk in terms of genetic diversity. The present work represents the most comprehensive population genetic study of P. viridis, and the first to address the potential genetic introduction risk posed by populations of this species. The information and genetic markers in this study constitute a valuable addition to the tools already used to infer on potential high-risk source populations of P. viridis. They should therefore prove useful for biosecurity surveillance and management actions directed at this species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alagarswami K, Kuriakose PS, Appukuttan KK, Rangarajan K (1980) Present status of exploitation of mussel resources in India. Paper prepared for the workshop on Mussel farming, Madras, India, 25–27 September 1980

  • Azmi F, Hewitt CL, Campbell ML (2014) A hub and spoke network model to analyse the secondary dispersal of introduced marine species in Indonesia. ICES J Mar Sci 72:1069–1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker P, Benson A (2002) Habitat and ecology of green mussels, Perna viridis, in Florida. J Shellfish Res 21:424–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker P, Fajans JS, Arnold WS, Ingrao DA, Marelli DC, Baker SM (2007) Range and dispersal of a tropical marine invader, the Asian green mussel, Perna viridis, in subtropical waters of the southeastern United States. J Shellfish Res 26:345–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson AJ, Marelli DC, Frischer ME, Danforth JM, Williams JD (2001) Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the west coast of Florida. J Shellfish Res 20:21–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Bock DG, Caseys C, Cousens RD, Hahn MA, Heredia SM, Hübner S, Turner KG, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH (2015) What we still don’t know about invasion genetics. Mol Ecol 24:2277–2297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwood S, McDonald JI (2014) A likelihood analysis of the introduction of marine pests to Western Australian ports via commercial vessels. Fisheries research report no. 259. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia

  • Cao YY, Li ZB, Li QH, Chen XJ, Chen L, Dai G (2013) Characterization of eight novel microsatellite markers in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis (Mytilidae). Genet Mol Res 12:344–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA (2000) TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol 9:1657–1659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corander J, Waldmann P, Sillanpaa MJ (2003) Bayesian analysis of genetic differentiation between populations. Genetics 163:367–374

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford NG (2010) SMOGD: software for the measurement of genetic diversity. Mol Ecol Resour 10:556–557

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DAFF (2010) Australian marine pest monitoring guidelines. The National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

  • Darling JA, Bagley MJ, Roman J, Tepolt CK, Geller JB (2008) Genetic patterns across multiple introductions of the globally invasive crab genus Carcinus. Mol Ecol 17:4992–5007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darling JA, Herborg L, Davidson IC (2012) Intracoastal shipping drives patterns of regional population expansion by an invasive marine invertebrate. Ecol Evol 2:2557–2566

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dias PJ, Fotedar S, Gardner JPA, Snow M (2013) Development of sensitive and specific molecular tools for the efficient detection and discrimination of potentially invasive mussel species of the genus Perna. Manag Biol Invasions 4:155–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dias PJ, Fotedar S, Munoz J, Hewitt MJ, Lukehurst S, Hourston M, Wellington C, Duggan R, Bridgwood S, Massam M, Aitken V, de Lestang P, McKirdy S, Willan R, Kirkendale L, Giannetta J, Corsini-Foka M, Pothoven S, Gower F, Viard F, Buschbaum C, Scarcella G, Strafella P, Bishop MJ, Sullivan T, Buttino I, Madduppa H, Huhn M, Zabin CJ, Bacela-Spychalska K, Wójcik-Fudalewska D, Markert A, Maximov A, Kautsky L, Jaspers C, Kotta J, Pärnoja M, Robledo D, Tsiamis K, Küpper FC, Žuljević A, McDonald JI, Snow M (2017) Establishment of a taxonomic and molecular reference collection to support the identification of species regulated by the Western Australia prevention list for introduced marine pests. Manag Biol Invasions 8:215–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Divya PR, Gopalakrishnan A, Lijo J, Thomas PC, Lakra WS (2009) Mitochondrial DNA (Cytochrome c oxidase I) sequencing of Indian marine mussels. Indian J Fish 56:223–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Divya PR, Thomas PC, Mohindra V, Lal KK, Singh RK (2010) A molecular approach to reveal the genetic identity of parrot mussel and other sympatric mussel species distributed along the Kerala coast. J Mar Biol Assoc India 52:35–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Dlugosch KM, Parker IM (2008) Founding events in species invasions: genetic variation, adaptive evolution, and the role of multiple introductions. Mol Ecol 17:431–449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estoup A, Guillemaud T (2010) Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data: why, how and so what? Mol Ecol 19:4113–4130

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J (2005) Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14:2611–2620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2003) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies. Genetics 164:1567–1587

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauvergue X, Vercken E, Malausa T, Hufbauer RA (2012) The biology of small, introduced populations, with special reference to biological control. Evol Appl 5:424–443

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Y-X (1997) Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics 147:915–925

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner PA, Patterson J, George S, Patterson EJK (2016) Combined evidence indicates that Perna indica Kuriakose and Nair 1976 is Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oman region introduced into southern India more than 100 years ago. Biol Invasions 18:1375–1390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geller JB, Darling JA, Carlton JT (2010) Genetic perspectives on marine biological invasions. Annu Rev Mar Sci 2:367–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach G, Jueterbock A, Kraemer P, Deppermann J, Harmand P (2010) Calculations of population differentiation based on GST and D: forget GST but not all of statistics! Mol Ecol 19:3845–3852

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghabooli S, Zhan A, Sardiña P, Paolucci E, Sylvester F, Perepelizin PV, Briski E, Cristescu ME, MacIsaac HJ (2013) Genetic diversity in introduced golden mussel populations corresponds to vector activity. PLoS ONE 8:e59328

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilg MR, Johnson EG, Gobin J, Bright BM, Ortolaza AI (2012) Population genetics of introduced and native populations of the green mussel, Perna viridis: determining patterns of introduction. Biol Invasions 15:459–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gindy ANY, Al-Busaidi Y, Al-Farsi I, Al-Farsi E, Al-Mazrooei A, Al-Raquishi Y, Al-Yahyai D, Al-Kindy F, Al-Rashdi K (2001) Mariculture activities in Oman, history, present status and future prospects: an overview. In: Goddard S, Al-Oufi H, Mcllwain J, Claereboudt M (eds) Proceedings of the 1st international conference on fisheries, aquaculture and environment in the NW Indian Ocean. Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, pp 129–134

  • Goudet J (2002) FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3). Updated from Goudet J (1995) FSTAT (Version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J Hered 86:485–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habe T (1977) Systematics of mollusca in Japan: Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. Hokuryu-kan Publishing Co. Ltd, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanyu K, Sekiguchi H (2000) Perna mussels introduced into Ise and Mikawa Bays, Central Japan. Sess Org 17:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanyu K, Toyama K, Kimura T, Sekiguchi H (2001) Larval and post-larval shell morphology of the green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia:Mytilidae). Am Malacol Bull 16:171–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Harpending HC, Sherry ST, Stoneking M, Rogers AR (1993) The genetic structure of ancient human populations. Curr Anthropol 34:483–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes KR, Cannon R, Neil K, Inglis G (2005) Sensitivity and cost considerations for the detection and eradication of marine pests in ports. Mar Pollut Bull 5:823–834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland BS (2000) Genetics of marine bioinvasions. Hydrobiologia 420:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huhn M, Zamane NP, Lenz M (2015) A ferry line facilitates dispersal: Asian green mussels Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) detected in eastern Indonesia. BioInvasions Rec 4:23–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huhn M, Zamani N, Lenz M (2017) Tolerance to hypoxia in Asian green mussels, Perna viridis, collected from a ship hull in the non-native range in eastern Indonesia. Manag Biol Invasions 8:227–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingrao DA, Mikkelson PM, Hicks DW (2001) Another introduced marine mollusk in the Gulf of Mexico: the IndoPacific green mussel, Perna viridis, in Tampa Bay, Florida. J Shellfish Res 20:13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Janes JK, Miller JM, Dupuis JR, Malenfant RM, Gorrell JC, Cullingham CI, Andrew RL (2017) The K = 2 conundrum. Mol Ecol 26:3594–3602

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jombart T (2008) Adegenet: a R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers. Bioinformatics 24:1403–1405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jost L (2008) GST and its relatives do not measure differentiation. Mol Ecol 17:4015–4026

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kennington WJ, Hevroy TH, Johnson MS (2012) Long-term genetic monitoring reveals contrasting changes in the genetic composition of newly established populations of the intertidal snail Bembicium vittatum. Mol Ecol 14:3489–3500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuriakose PS (1980) Mussels (Mytilidae: Genus Perna) of the Indian coast. Bull Cent Mar Fish Res Inst 29:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Latch EK, Dharmarajan G, Glaubitz JC, Rhodes OE (2006) Relative performance of Bayesian clustering software for inferring population substructure and individual assignment at low levels of population differentiation. Conserv Genet 7:295–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin G, Feng F, Yue GH (2007) Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites from Asian green mussel (Perna viridis). Mol Ecol Notes 7:1036–1038

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin G, Lo LC, Yue GH (2012) Genetic variations in populations from farms and natural habitats of Asian Green Mussel, Perna viridis, in Singapore inferred from nine microsatellite markers. J World Aquac Soc 43:270–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombaert E, Guillemaud T, Lundgren J, Koch R, Facon B, Grez A, Loomans A, Malausa T, Nedved O, Rhule E, Staverlokk A, Steenberg T, Estoup A (2014) Complementarity of statistical treatments to reconstruct worldwide routes of invasion: the case of the Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis. Mol Ecol 23:5979–5997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Low LL, Khoo HW, Koh LL (1990) Ecology of marine fouling organisms at Eastern Johore Straits. Environ Monit Assess 19:319–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luikart G, Cornuet JM (1998) Empirical evaluation of a test for identifying recently bottlenecked populations from allele frequency data. Conserv Biol 12:228–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lukehurst SS, Dias PJ, Huhn M, Madduppa HH, Lee SSC, Teo S, Gardner MG, McDonald JI (2017) Isolation and characterization of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Asian green mussel Perna viridis (Mollusca, Mytilidae). Manag Biol Invasions 8:85–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manel S, Gaggiotti OE, Waples RS (2005) Assignment methods: matching biological questions with appropriate techniques. Trends Ecol Evol 20:136–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama T, Fuerst PA (1985) Population bottlenecks and non equilibrium models in population genetics. II. Number of alleles in a small population that was formed by a recent bottleneck. Genetics 111:675–689

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald JI (2012) Detection of the tropical mussel species Perna viridis in temperate Western Australia: possible association between spawning and a marine heat pulse. Aquat Invasions 7:483–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nydam ML, Giesbrecht KB, Stephenson EE (2017) Origin and dispersal history of two colonial ascidian clades in the Botryllus schlosseri species complex. PLoS ONE 12:e0169944

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong CC, Yusoff K, Yap C, Tan S (2009) Genetic characterization of Perna viridis L. in peninsular Malaysia using microsatellite markers. J Genet 88:153–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perez JE, Alfonsi C, Ramos C, Gomez JA, Munoz C, Salazar SK (2012) How some alien species become invasive, some ecological, genetic and epigenetic basis for bioinvasions. Interciencia Essays 37:238–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Piola RF, McDonald JI (2012) Marine biosecurity: the importance of awareness, support and cooperation in managing a successful incursion response. Mar Pollut Bull 64:1766–1773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piry S, Luikart G, Cornuet JM (1999) BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data. J Hered 90:502–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prabowo H, Suprapto H, Oswari T (2008) Environmental degradation and fisherman livelihoods in Jakarta coastal area. Report. Gunadarma University, Jakarta, Indonesia

  • Prakoon W, Tunkijjanukij S, Nguyen TTT, Na-Nakorn U (2010) Spatial and temporal genetic variation of green mussel, Perna viridis in the Gulf of Thailand and implication for aquaculture. Mar Biotechnol 12:506–515

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945–959

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puechmaille SJ (2016) The program structure does not reliably recover the correct population structure when sampling is uneven: subsampling and new estimators alleviate the problem. Mol Ecol Resour 16:608–627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopal S (1991) Biofouling problems in the condenser cooling circuit of a coastal power station with special reference to green mussel, Perna viridis (L.). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras, Madras, India

  • Rajagopal S, Venugopalan VP, Van der Velde G, Jenner HA (2006) Greening of the coasts: a review of the Perna viridis success story. Aquat Ecol 40:273–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered 86:248–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice WR (1989) Analysing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riquet F, Daguin-Thiébaut C, Ballenghien M, Bierne N, Viard F (2013) Contrasting patterns of genome-wide polymorphism in native and invasive range of the marine mollusc Crepidula fornicata. Mol Ecol 22:1003–1018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rius M, Turon X, Ordóñez V, Pascual M (2012) Tracking invasion histories in the sea: facing complex scenarios using multilocus data. PLoS ONE 7:e35815

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rousset F (2008) Genepop’007: a complete reimplementation of the Genepop software for Windows and Linux. Mol Ecol Resour 8:103–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rozas J, Rozas R (1999) DnaSP version3: an integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis. Bioinformatics 15:174–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seebens H, Blackburn TM, Dyer EE, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Pagad S, Pysek P, Winter M, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Blasius B, Brundu G, Capinha C, Celesti-Grapow L, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Fuentes N, Jäger H, Kartesz J, Kenis M, Kreft H, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Liebhold A, Mosena A, Moser D, Nishino M, Pearman D, Pergl J, Rabitsch W, Rojas-Sandoval J, Roques A, Rorke S, Rossinelli S, Roy HE, Scalera R, Schindler S, Stajerova K, Tokarska-Guzik B, van Kleunen M, Walker K, Weigelt P, Yamanaka T, Essl F (2017) No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nat Commun 8:14435. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14435

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddall SE (1980) A classification of the genus Perna (Mytilidae). Bull Mar Sci 30:858–870

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajima F (1989) Statistical method for testing neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123:585–595

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton AR, Crandall KA, Sing CF (1992) A cladistic-analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence data. III Cladogram estimation. Genetics 132:619–633

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teske PR, Sandoval-Castillo J, Waters JM, Beheregaray LB (2014) Can novel genetic analyses help to identify low-dispersal marine invasive species? Ecol Evol 4:2848–2866

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vakily JM (1989) The biology and culture of mussels of the genus Perna. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 17. International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, p 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P (2004) Micro-checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol Ecol Notes 4:535–538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villesen P (2007) FaBox: an online toolbox for fasta sequences. Mol Ecol Notes 7:965–968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weir BS, Cockerham CC (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358–1370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells FE (2017) If the Asian green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), poses the greatest invasive marine species threat to Australia, why has it not invaded? Molluscan Res 37:167–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitlock MC (2011) GST and D do not replace FST. Mol Ecol 20:1083–1091

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood AR, Apte S, MacAvoy ES, Gardner JPA (2007) A molecular phylogeny of the marine mussel genus Perna (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) based on nuclear (ITS1&2) and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 44:685–698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yap WG, Young AL, Orano CEF, de Castro MT (1979) Manual on mussel farming. Aquaculture extension manual no. 6. Southeast Asian Development Center, Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines

  • Ye W (1997) On experimental transplantation of Perna viridis (Linnaeus) along the Guangxi coast. Stud Mar Sin/Haiyang Kexue Jikan 39:59–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshiyasu H, Ueda I, Asahina K (2004) Annual reproductive cycle of the green mussel Perna viridis (L.) at Enoshima Island, Sagami Bay, Japan. Sess Org 21:19–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan A, MacIsaac HJ, Cristescu ME (2010) Invasion genetics of the Ciona intestinalis species complex: from regional endemism to global homogeneity. Mol Ecol 19:4678–4694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The present work was initiated by researchers of the Aquatic Biosecurity team of the Western Australian Government Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Fisheries Division (Fisheries). The work was fuelled by the collaboration established with Matt Gilg (University of North Florida, USA) and researchers in Indonesia, aiming to further investigate the genetic diversity and source populations of introduced P. viridis in the USA and vessel intercepts and an incursion in east Indonesia. This work involved a collaboration of researchers, government compliance and industry, that facilitated research permits and assistance in their countries and the region. We acknowledge sample collection assistance of the Aquatic Biosecurity research and compliance teams at the Western Australia Government Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Fisheries Division (Fisheries), John Lewis at ES Link Services, Mr Lim Chin Sing, at the Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI) of National University of Singapore, Mr Gary Chang for supply of mussels from Changi, Singapore, Zhou Yalan from National Sun Yat-sen University and Martin Cheng from the Swire Institute of Marine Science at the University of Hong Kong. We thank Andrea Bertram and Seema Fotedar at Fisheries for technical assistance and also Agata Zabolotny at Fisheries for assistance with map production. Serena Teo and Serina Lee acknowledge support of the National Research Foundation for research facilities at the St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory. The Laboratory is a National Research Infrastructure under the National Research Foundation Singapore. Thank you to two internal reviewers at Fisheries and two anonymous journal reviewers. This work was funded by the Western Australia Government Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Fisheries Division and Chevron Australia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Fisheries Division, Government of Western Australia, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia

    P. Joana Dias, Sherralee S. Lukehurst & Justin I. McDonald

  2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    P. Joana Dias, Sherralee S. Lukehurst & W. Jason Kennington

  3. Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA

    Matthew R. Gilg

  4. Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

    Mareike Huhn & Hawis H. Madduppa

  5. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Mareike Huhn

  6. Chevron Australia Pty Ltd, Dynons Plaza 905 Hay Street, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia

    Paul de Lestang

  7. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

    Simon J. McKirdy

  8. St John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore

    Serena L. M. Teo & Serina Siew Chen Lee

Authors
  1. P. Joana Dias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Matthew R. Gilg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sherralee S. Lukehurst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. W. Jason Kennington
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mareike Huhn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hawis H. Madduppa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Simon J. McKirdy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Paul de Lestang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Serena L. M. Teo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Serina Siew Chen Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Justin I. McDonald
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Joana Dias.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 13 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dias, P.J., Gilg, M.R., Lukehurst, S.S. et al. Genetic diversity of a hitchhiker and prized food source in the Anthropocene: the Asian green mussel Perna viridis (Mollusca, Mytilidae). Biol Invasions 20, 1749–1770 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1659-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1659-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation