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Insights from trace element geochemistry as to the roles of subduction zone geometry and subduction input on the chemistry of arc magmas

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Abstract

Subduction zones of continental, transitional, and oceanic settings, relative to the nature of the overriding plate, are compared in terms of trace element compositions of mafic to intermediate arc rocks, in order to evaluate the relationship between subduction parameters and the presence of subduction fluids. The continental Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) and the transitional to oceanic Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA) show increasing degrees of melting with increasing involvement of slab fluids, as is typical for hydrous flux melting beneath arc volcanoes. At the SVZ, the central segment with the thinnest continental crust/lithosphere erupted the highest-degree melts from the most depleted sources, similar to the oceanic-like Nicaraguan segment of the CAVA. The northern part of the SVZ, located on the thickest continental crust/lithosphere, exhibits features more similar to Costa Rica situated on the Caribbean Large Igneous Province, with lower degrees of melting from more enriched source materials. The composition of the slab fluids is characteristic for each arc system, with a particularly pronounced enrichment in Pb at the SVZ and in Ba at the CAVA. A direct compositional relationship between the arc rocks and the corresponding marine sediments that are subducted at the trenches clearly shows that the compositional signature of the lavas erupted in the different arcs carries an inherited signal from the subducted sediments.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Julian Pearce and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Ralf Halama is acknowledged for comments and for the editorial handling of the paper. We would also like to thank Paul van den Bogaard, Luis Lara, Jorge Clavero, Daniel Sellés, Katja Hockun, and Rayén Rivera-Vidal for their assistance in the field. The Chilean arrieros Titin, Gerardo, Valdemar, Roberto, Nano, and their colleagues are acknowledged for providing horses and guidance in difficult terrains on Chilean volcanoes. We are grateful to Eduardo Boisset for his excellent performance during helicopter-based sampling campaigns in the high Andes. David Völker and the crew of the RV Sonne cruise 210 are thanked for obtaining and providing the marine sediment samples offshore Chile. Ken Heydolph contributed fruitful comments and discussion. Credit is due to Philipp Rohde and Silvia Gütschow for their assistance with the sample preparation and to Ulrike Westernströer for her help with the ICP-MS analyses. This paper is contribution No. 254 of Sonderforschungsbereich 574 “Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones”, funded by the German Research Foundation.

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  1. SFB574, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    Heidi Wehrmann, Kaj Hoernle, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Guillaume Jacques, Julia Mahlke & Kai Schumann

  2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    Kaj Hoernle, Julia Mahlke & Kai Schumann

  3. Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Dieter Garbe-Schönberg

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Correspondence to Heidi Wehrmann.

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531_2013_917_MOESM3_ESM.xls

SVZ trace element ratios used in this study plotted versus Mg number (left) and SiO2 (right) to facilitate evaluation of the influence of magma-genetic processes versus possible effects of differentiation (XLS 7849 kb)

531_2013_917_MOESM4_ESM.eps

Compilation of results for all reference materials measured during the analytical runs this study is based on, to demonstrate analytical repeatability and trueness of the trace element data over eight years from 2004 to 2011 (EPS 115 kb)

Supplementary material 5 (EPS 110 kb)

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Wehrmann, H., Hoernle, K., Garbe-Schönberg, D. et al. Insights from trace element geochemistry as to the roles of subduction zone geometry and subduction input on the chemistry of arc magmas. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 103, 1929–1944 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0917-1

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