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Early Holocene M~6 explosive eruption from Plosky volcanic massif (Kamchatka) and its tephra as a link between terrestrial and marine paleoenvironmental records

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Abstract

We report tephrochronological and geochemical data on early Holocene activity from Plosky volcanic massif in the Kliuchevskoi volcanic group, Kamchatka Peninsula. Explosive activity of this volcano lasted for ~1.5 kyr, produced a series of widely dispersed tephra layers, and was followed by profuse low-viscosity lava flows. This eruptive episode started a major reorganization of the volcanic structures in the western part of the Kliuchevskoi volcanic group. An explosive eruption from Plosky (M~6), previously unstudied, produced tephra (coded PL2) of a volume of 10–12 km3 (11–13 Gt), being one of the largest Holocene explosive eruptions in Kamchatka. Characteristic diagnostic features of the PL2 tephra are predominantly vitric sponge-shaped fragments with rare phenocrysts and microlites of plagioclase, olivine and pyroxenes, medium- to high-K basaltic andesitic bulk composition, high-K, high-Al and high-P trachyandesitic glass composition with SiO2 = 57.5–59.5 wt%, K2O = 2.3–2.7 wt%, Al2O3 = 15.8–16.5 wt%, and P2O5 = 0.5–0.7 wt%. Other diagnostic features include a typical subduction-related pattern of incompatible elements, high concentrations of all REE (>10× mantle values), moderate enrichment in LREE (La/Yb ~ 5.3), and non-fractionated mantle-like pattern of LILE. Geochemical fingerprinting of the PL2 tephra with the help of EMP and LA-ICP-MS analyses allowed us to map its occurrence in terrestrial sections across Kamchatka and to identify this layer in Bering Sea sediment cores at a distance of >600 km from the source. New high-precision 14C dates suggest that the PL2 eruption occurred ~10,200 cal BP, which makes it a valuable isochrone for early Holocene climate fluctuations and permits direct links between terrestrial and marine paleoenvironmental records. The terrestrial and marine 14C dates related to the PL2 tephra have allowed us to estimate an early Holocene reservoir age for the western Bering Sea at 1,410 ± 64 14C years. Another important tephra from the early Holocene eruptive episode of Plosky volcano, coded PL1, was dated at 11,650 cal BP. This marker is the oldest geochemically characterized and dated tephra marker layer in Kamchatka to date and is an important local marker for the Younger Dryas—early Holocene transition. One more tephra from Plosky, coded PL3, can be used as a marker northeast of the source at a distance of ~110 km.

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Acknowledgments

The major part of this research was supported by the KALMAR project funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (Germany). Plosky tephra in site JB112 (Ust’-Kamchatsk area) was studied and dated thanks to US National Science Foundation project #0915131 to Ezra Zubrow. Many years of earlier field research, which, along with their other goals, have allowed us to measure and sample Plosky tephra in various distant places, have been funded by the grants from the National Geographic Society and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Studies of submarine tephra were partly funded by grants #11-05-00506 and 13-05-00346 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The authors thank Maria Pevzner for the samples from the Shiveluch southeastern slopes, Mario Thöner (GEOMAR) and Nikita Mironov (GEOKHI) for their help with the microprobe analysis and sample preparation, and Dmitry Melnikov and Egor Zelenin for their help with graphics and tephra volume calculations. Thorough reviews of Sabine Wulf and an anonymous reviewer are very much appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

    Vera Ponomareva

  2. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany

    Maxim Portnyagin & Dirk Nürnberg

  3. V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia

    Maxim Portnyagin & Stepan Krasheninnikov

  4. V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia

    Alexander Derkachev

  5. Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Lakehead University, Orillia, ON, Canada

    I. Florin Pendea

  6. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Joanne Bourgeois

  7. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

    Paula J. Reimer

  8. Institute of Geoscience, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Dieter Garbe-Schönberg

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  1. Vera Ponomareva
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Ponomareva, V., Portnyagin, M., Derkachev, A. et al. Early Holocene M~6 explosive eruption from Plosky volcanic massif (Kamchatka) and its tephra as a link between terrestrial and marine paleoenvironmental records. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 102, 1673–1699 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0898-0

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