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Contrasting compositional trends of rocks and olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Cerro Negro volcano (Central America): implications for decompression-driven fractionation of hydrous magmas

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Abstract

Melt inclusions in olivine Fo83–72 from tephras of 1867, 1971 and 1992 eruptions of Cerro Negro volcano represent a series of basaltic to andesitic melts of narrow range of MgO (5.6–8 wt %) formed by ~46 wt % fractional crystallization of olivine (~6 wt %), plagioclase (~27 wt %), pyroxene (~13 wt %) and magnetite (<1 wt %) from primitive basaltic melt (average SiO2 = 49 wt %, MgO = 7.6 wt %, H2O = 6 wt %) as it ascended to the surface from the depth of about 14 km. The crystallization occurred at increasing liquidus temperature from 1,050 to 1,090 °C in the pressure range from 400 to 50 MPa and was induced by release of mixed H2O–CO2 fluid from the melt at decreasing pressure. Matrix glass compositions fall at the high-Si end of the melt inclusion trend and represent the final stage of melt crystallization during and after eruption. The bulk compositions of erupted Cerro Negro magmas (tephras and lavas) range from high- to low-MgO (3–10 wt %) basalts, which form a compositional array crossing the trend of melt inclusions so that virtually no rock from Cerro Negro has composition akin to true melt represented by the inclusions. The variations of the bulk magma (rocks) and melt (melt inclusions) compositions can be generated in a dyke connecting a deep primitive magma reservoir with the Cerro Negro edifice. While the melt inclusions represent the compositional trend of instantaneous melts along the magma pathway at decreasing pressure and H2O content, occurrence of low-Mg to high-Mg basalts reflects the process of phenocryst re-distribution in progressively evolving melt. The crystallization scenario is anticipated to operate everywhere in dykes feeding basaltic volcanoes and can explain the predominance of plagioclase-rich high-Al basalts in island arc as well as typical compositional variations of magmas during single eruptions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mario Thoener (GEOMAR) and Sergey Simakin (FTIAN, Yaroslavl, Russia) for their assistance with electron probe and ion probe studies and Seth Sadofsky for his efforts at the initial stage of the studies of magmatic volatiles in Central America. This work benefited greatly from inspiring discussions with Renat Almeev, Roman Botcharnikov, Francois Holtz, Anastasia Plechova, Tatyana Shishkina and Vera Ponomareva. We are very grateful to Jim Brophy, Andrea di Muro and Ralf Halama for their helpful critical comments and editorial handling. The study was performed as a part of the SFB 574 project funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) and partially supported by the KALMAR project (to M.P.) and RFBR project #09-05-01234-a (to N.M.) while writing this manuscript. This is contribution #224 of the SFB 574 “Volatiles and fluids in subduction zones.”

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  1. GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    Maxim V. Portnyagin & Kaj Hoernle

  2. V. I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, GEOKHI RAS, Kosygin str. 19, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Maxim V. Portnyagin & Nikita L. Mironov

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  1. Maxim V. Portnyagin
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Correspondence to Maxim V. Portnyagin.

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Contribution to the special SFB 574 volume “Volatiles and fluids in subduction zones” of the International Journal of Earth Sciences.

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Portnyagin, M.V., Hoernle, K. & Mironov, N.L. Contrasting compositional trends of rocks and olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Cerro Negro volcano (Central America): implications for decompression-driven fractionation of hydrous magmas. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 103, 1963–1982 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-012-0810-3

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