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Geochemical evidence for melting of carbonated peridotite on Santa Maria Island, Azores

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Abstract

The islands of the Azores archipelago emerge from an oceanic plateau built on lithosphere increasing in age with distance from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 10 to 45 Ma. Here, we present the first comprehensive major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data from Santa Maria, the easternmost island of the archipelago, along with published data from the other Azores islands situated much closer to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis. We can show that the distinctively more variable and more enriched trace element ratios at Santa Maria combined with a relatively small range in Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios are the result of low degrees of partial melting of a common Azores mantle plume source underneath thicker lithosphere. This implies that melt extraction processes and melting dynamics may be able to better preserve the trace element mantle source variability underneath thicker lithosphere. These conclusions may apply widely for oceanic melts erupted on relatively thick lithosphere. In addition, lower Ti/Sm and K/La ratios and SiO2 contents of Santa Maria lavas imply melting of a carbonated peridotite source. Mixing of variable portions of deep small-degree carbonated peridotite melts and shallow volatile-free garnet peridotite could explain the geochemical variability underneath Santa Maria in agreement with the volatile-rich nature of the Azores mantle source. However, Santa Maria is the Azores island where the CO2-rich nature of the mantle source is more evident, reflecting a combination of a smaller extent of partial melting and the positioning at the edge of the tilted Azores mantle plume.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the help by D. Garbe-Schönberg and U. Westernströer during the trace element analyses in Kiel. Stephan Klemme is acknowledged for his patient and quick help with partition coefficients. This study was funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BE4459/1-1) and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) through the projects EVOLV (PTDC/CTE-GIN/71838/2006), Pest-OE/CTE/UI0263/2011 and Pest-OE/CTE/LA0019/201. We also thank J. Habermann and J. Titschack for help during work in the field. We acknowledge the help of V.-H. Forjaz and the Azores Volcanological and Geothermal Observatory during various stays in the Azores, and ChB thanks Andreas Stracke and Stephan Klemme for an entertaining field trip. We also acknowledge the very constructive and helpful comments of Radjeep Dasgupta and two anonymous reviewers. We also acknowledge the help of A. Mohammadi for providing enough well-roasted coffee to stand the test of writing and revising this paper.

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  1. GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Christoph Beier, Ferdinand Stöckhert, Philipp A. Brandl, Felix S. Genske & Karsten M. Haase

  2. Centro de Geologia, Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande C6, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    João Mata & Sofia Martins

  3. Laboratoire G-Time CP160/02, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Nadine Mattielli

  4. Estrutura de Missão para a Extensão da Plataforma Continental, R. Costa Pinto, 165, 2770-047, Paço de Arcos, Portugal

    Pedro Madureira

  5. Centro de Geofísica de Évora, Dep. Geociências, Universidade de Évora, R. Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal

    Pedro Madureira

  6. Instituto D. Luiz, Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande C6, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    José Madeira

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  1. Christoph Beier
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Correspondence to Christoph Beier.

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Communicated by J. Hoefs.

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Beier, C., Mata, J., Stöckhert, F. et al. Geochemical evidence for melting of carbonated peridotite on Santa Maria Island, Azores. Contrib Mineral Petrol 165, 823–841 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0837-2

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