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Freshening and warming may restrict dispersal of Hemigrapsus takanoi into the Baltic Proper due to interactive effects on larval survival and feeding

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Abstract

Salinity is a common stressor restricting the distribution of various decapod crustaceans. The interactive effects of such regional stressors with global climate change drivers are important to be considered when aiming to realistically predict the potential of a species’ dispersal and further spread into new habitats. Within species, their larval stages commonly determine a species tolerance and with this their potential to invade and successfully develop a sustaining population. This laboratory study investigated the combined effect of salinity (6 levels, 10–25) and temperature (19 and 23 °C) on larval survival, development to megalopa, and feeding (in Zoea I, III, and V) of the decapod Hemigrapsus takanoi. Larval development and survival to megalopa were generally favored by increasing salinity. While no larva developed to the megalopa stage at 23 °C and a salinity of 16, in 19 °C some larvae could successfully develop under a salinity as low as 16. All larval stages fed generally more with increasing salinity and temperature, but there was no interaction between the two factors. The results revealed that the H. takanoi population from Kiel Fjord (southwestern Baltic Sea) is capable of completing its larval development under the current Kiel Fjord environmental conditions. The geographical spread of this H. takanoi population into the wider Baltic Proper may, however, be restricted mainly due to the inability to establish and maintain a self-sustaining population under lower salinity conditions. Furthermore, the projected desalination of the Baltic Sea together with rising temperatures due to global warming and heat waves in summer may likely exert additional stress to this existing population, unless H. takanoi adapts at appropriate rates.

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Data availability

All data used in this study will be made publicly available on PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de) following acceptance as required by the GEOMR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel regulations.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Gabriela Torres for giving advice for larvae rearing techniques, Björn Buchholz for technical assistance, Prof. Dr. Martin Wahl for his helpful advice, and Dr. Mark Lenz for statistical advice.

Funding

OMN acknowledges the financial support of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the project German Egyptian Research Long-term Scholarship Programme (GERLS) 2015/16 (57147166). MS was funded through the German research foundation—Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG) STU 715/2-1 (441084746).

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  1. Christian Pansch and Meike Stumpp contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt

    Ola Mohamed Nour

  2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Ola Mohamed Nour

  3. Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland

    Christian Pansch

  4. Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Meike Stumpp

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This study was carried out and funded by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany, with no conflict of interest. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for sampling, care, and experimental use of organisms for the study have been followed, applying methods and protocols approved by the regulatory committee on the ethic of animal experiments, of Schleswig–Holstein Germany under the permit number: 1101, and in strict accordance to the relevant regulations and guidelines. All possible actions were taken to reduce animal suffering and stress during handling and sampling.

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Nour, O.M., Pansch, C. & Stumpp, M. Freshening and warming may restrict dispersal of Hemigrapsus takanoi into the Baltic Proper due to interactive effects on larval survival and feeding. Mar Biol 169, 125 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04112-0

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