Abstract
This study investigated the effects of seawater pH (i.e., 8.10, 7.85 and 7.60) and temperature (16 and 19 °C) on (a) the abiotic conditions in the fluid surrounding the embryo (viz. the perivitelline fluid), (b) growth, development and (c) cuttlebone calcification of embryonic and juvenile stages of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis. Egg swelling increased in response to acidification or warming, leading to an increase in egg surface while the interactive effects suggested a limited plasticity of the swelling modulation. Embryos experienced elevated pCO2 conditions in the perivitelline fluid (>3-fold higher pCO2 than that of ambient seawater), rendering the medium under-saturated even under ambient conditions. The growth of both embryos and juveniles was unaffected by pH, whereas 45Ca incorporation in cuttlebone increased significantly with decreasing pH at both temperatures. This phenomenon of hypercalcification is limited to only a number of animals but does not guarantee functional performance and calls for better mechanistic understanding of calcification processes.
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Acknowledgments
Authors thank the reviewers and the editor of Marine Biology for their comments that strongly improved this paper. The International Atomic Energy Agency is grateful to the Government of the Principality of Monaco for the support provided to its Environment Laboratories. This work was supported by the IAEA. This work is a contribution to the “European Project on Ocean Acidification” (EPOCA) which received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 211384. Ms. André and Eric Rinaldi of Monaco are thanked for the collection of cuttlefish specimens. Mr. Antoine and Mrs. José Lacoue-Labarthe are thanked for providing juveniles of crabs and shrimps.
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Dorey, N., Melzner, F., Martin, S. et al. Ocean acidification and temperature rise: effects on calcification during early development of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis . Mar Biol 160, 2007–2022 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2059-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2059-6