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Carbon Balance Under a Changing Light Environment

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Antarctic Seaweeds

Abstract

The natural environment of Antarctic seaweeds is characterized by changing seasonal light conditions. The ability to adapt to this light regime is one of the most important prerequisites for their ecological success. Thus, the persistence of seaweeds depends on their capacity to maintain a positive carbon balance (CB) for buildup of biomass over the course of the year. A positive CB in Antarctica occurs only during the ice-free period in spring and summer, when photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) penetrates deeply into the water column. The accumulated carbon compounds during this period are stored and remobilized to support metabolism for the rest of the year.

Over the last decades climate warming has induced a severe glacial retreat in Antarctica and has opened newly ice-free areas. Increased sediment runoff, and reduced light penetration due to melting during the warmer months, may lead to a negative CB with changes in the vertical distribution of seaweeds. Furthermore, warmer winters and springs result in earlier sea-ice melt, causing an abrupt increase in light, compensating the reduction in PAR in summer or increasing the annual light budget. Studies performed in Potter Cove, Isla 25 de Mayo/King George Island, reveal that algae growing in newly ice-free areas did not acclimate to the changing light conditions. Lower or even negative CB values in areas close to the glacier runoff seem to be primarily dependent on the incoming PAR that finally determines the lower distribution limit of seaweeds. The present chapter discusses how carbon balance respond to the changing Antarctic light environment and its potential implications for the fate of benthic algal communities.

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Acknowledgments

The fieldwork described in this chapter has been performed at Carlini Station-Dallmann Laboratory within the framework of the scientific collaboration existing between Instituto Antártico Argentino/Dirección Nacional del Antártico and the Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). The research was supported by Grants from DNA-IAA (PICTA 7/2008–2011) and ANPCyT-DNA (PICTO 0116/2012–2015, PICT 2017-2691). These studies were also supported by MINCYT-BMBF Program (AL/17/06-01DN18024) and Conicyt-Chile (Center FONDAP IDEAL 15150003). We are especially grateful to the scientific, logistic, and diving groups of Carlini Station. We thank Carolina Matula for her contribution to improve the annual light figure. We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the AWI. We thank Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, for allowing the reuse of material published in Deregibus 2017 Thesis. The present research also presents an outcome of the EU project IMCONet (FP7 IRSES, Action No. 319718) and EU project CoastCarb, Funding ID 872690, H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019 – Research and Innovation Staff Exchange.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biología Costera, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Dolores Deregibus, Gabriela L. Campana & María L. Quartino

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Dolores Deregibus

  3. Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Katharina Zacher, Inka Bartsch & Christian Wiencke

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Gabriela L. Campana

  5. Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad de General Sarmiento, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Fernando R. Momo

  6. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Fernando R. Momo

  7. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Iván Gómez

  8. Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile

    Iván Gómez

  9. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “B. Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    María L. Quartino

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  1. Dolores Deregibus
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  2. Katharina Zacher
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  3. Inka Bartsch
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  4. Gabriela L. Campana
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  5. Fernando R. Momo
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  6. Christian Wiencke
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  7. Iván Gómez
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  8. María L. Quartino
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dolores Deregibus .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems, (IDEAL) Valdivia, Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Iván Gómez

  2. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Pirjo Huovinen

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Deregibus, D. et al. (2020). Carbon Balance Under a Changing Light Environment. In: Gómez, I., Huovinen, P. (eds) Antarctic Seaweeds. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_9

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